Au Portugal où il a été récemment introduit accidentellement, le nématode phytopathogène invasif Bursaphelenhus xylophilus est véhiculé et transmis par son vecteur indigène Monochamus galloprovincialis aux arbres hôtes (Pinus pinaster). Pour estimer les risques d'invasion et de propagation en France et au reste de l'Europe, une étude approfondie de la biologie et de l'écologie du vecteur M. galloprovincialis,, a été menée dans ce pays, en parallèle avec une étude de la variabilité génétique et morphologique de ses populations et de celles de son espèce sœur M. sutor. Il a été montré que M. galloprovincialis, présent dans toutes les forêts françaises, possède quatre stades larvaires qui ont été décrits. La fécondité, la durée des stades larvaires et la longévité ont été mesurées. L'existence d'une diapause au quatrième stade larvaire a été observée, dont l'effet est une synchronisation des émergences d'adultes ; une diapause prolongée semble exister chez une faible fraction de la population. Le développement larvaire peut être affecté par divers facteurs, dont les dimensions du rondin d'élevage. M. galloprovincialis a montré une préférence pour Pinus sylvestris, mais il peut aussi bien se développer sur d'autres espèces de Pinus notamment P. pinaster, essence majoritairement attaquée dans les régions du Sud Ouest. Il s'est avéré que ce sont surtout les conditions climatiques et non l'essence hôte, qui jouent un rôle important dans la distribution de cet insecte, ce qui a été confirmé par l'étude moléculaire. La proximité génétique et morphologique des espèces M. galloprovincialis et M. sutor a été mise en évidence par douze sites polymorphes du gène de la cytochrome oxydase I et quatre caractères morphologiques dont trois correspondant à des caractères de génitalias mâles. L'ensemble des résultats a permis de conclure qu'un grand nombre de facteurs favorables à la propagation du nématode sont réunis en France.

Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da presença do cimento endodôntico e agente cimentante na retenção de pinos de fibra. Metodologia: Cento e oitenta dentes extraídos foram divididos em dois grupos (n=90) de acordo com a forma de obturação: condensação lateral ou obturação apenas do terço apical. Cada um destes grupos foi subdividido em três grupos (n=10) de acordo com o cimento utilizado para a obturação (AH Plus, Endofil e MTAFillapex). Os cimentos foram manipulados e acrescidos de corante Rodamina B na proporção de 0,1% para possibilitar visualização através da microscopia confocal a laser. Quinze dias após a obturação, estes dentes foram preparados para a cimentação do pino de fibra (Reforpost Angelus) com os cimentos RelyX ARC (ARC), U200 e Gold Label Cement Lining (GL). Os dentes foram seccionados transversalmente para obtenção de fatias com 1mm de espessura e submetidos à microscopia confocal a laser para verificar a penetração do cimento endodôntico nos túbulos dentinários, posteriormente ao teste de push-out. O padrão de falha foi analisado em esteromicroscópio e imagens representativas foram feitas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os valores de resistência de união em MPa de acordo com a técnica de obturação foram analisados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Os valores de resistência de união dos grupos experimentais foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e post hoc de Dunn, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre as formas de obturação (P>0,05). O tipo de cimento obturador influenciou a resistência de união, e o cimento MTA-Fillapex apresentou valores de resistência de união significativamente inferiores ao AH Plus (P<0,05). Os grupos que utilizaram GL para cimentação dos pinos de fibra de vidro apresentaram valores para o teste de push-out superiores aos cimentos resinosos (P < 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre o ARC e o U200 (P > 0,05). Conclusões: Valores de resistência de união mais altos foram observados quando os pinos de fibra foram cimentados com cimento GL . Os padrões de falha mistas foram predominantes e ocorreram em todos os grupos experimentais. / Aim: Evaluate the influence of the endodontic sealer and luting cements on the fiber post bond strength. Methodology: One hundred and eighty extracted teeth were assigned to two groups, considering the root filling technique: lateral condensation or root filling of the apical portion only. Each group were divided into three groups (n=10) according the sealer applied (AH Plus, Endofill or MTA-Fillapex). Rhodamine B was mixed to the sealer in a ratio of 0,1% in order to provide adequate fluorescence assessed by confocal microscopy. Fifty days after root canal filling, post-space preparation were performed with luting cements: RelyX ARC (ARC), U200 and Gold Label Cement Lining (GL). One thick slices were produced and submitted to confocal miscroscopy to assessed sealer penetration into dentinal tubules, and than submitted to push-out test. The failure modes were analysed in stereomicroscope and representative images were obtained in a scanning electron microscope. Push-out strength values of the root filling technique were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Push-out strength values of experimental groups were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn´s post hoc test at significance level 5%. Results: No significant difference was observed (P>0.05) between the root filling technique. The type of endodontic sealer influenced the push-out bond strength, and MTA-Fillapex sealers presents lower bond strength values than AH Plus (P<0.05). Fiber posts cemented with GL presented higher push-out bond strength than resin cements (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ARC and U200 (P>0.05). Conclusions: Fiber posts showed higher bond strength values when cemented with GL. Mixed failures were predominant and occurred in all the experimental groups.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 251636 bytes, checksum: e02d49bde5aec95b1ae4f8c3ec0cb349 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-15 / The aim of this research was to evaluate a new stabilization technique for tibial diaphysial fractures with steel staples associated with total cerclage and to compare the efficiency of the referring technique to the use of neutralization bone plate. Sixteen adult dogs with body weight ranging from 11kg to 21kg were used. They were divided into four groups, according to the treatment for an experimentally induced transverse fracture in their right tibial diaphysis. Animals from Group 1 had their fractures stabilized with two steel staples made from Steinmann pins and inserted mediolaterally into the tibial diaphysial cortical. Group 2 had the fractures stabilized with one staple inserted mediolaterally and one inserted craniocaudally and Group 3 had the fractures stabilized with two staples inserted mediolaterally and one inserted craniocaudally. Group 4 was treated with bone plate. The four groups were clinically and radiographically evaluated and compared in the following patterns: painful response, swelling rate, limb functionality, radiopacity at the fracture site, bone callus formation, periosteal reaction, and radiolucency around the implant. No significant differences were observed among the treatments. However, it was noticed that the staples did not promote stabilization as the bone plate and could lead to slow bone union or non-union. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar nova técnica de imobilização de fraturas diafisárias tibiais, utilizando grampo de aço associado à cerclagem completa, e comparar sua eficiência em relação ao uso de placas ósseas de neutralização. Para isso foram utilizados 16 cães adultos, entre 11 kg e 21 kg, divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tratamento utilizado para fratura transversa induzida experimentalmente na diáfise tibial direita de cada um. Os animais do Tratamento 1 tiveram suas fraturas fixadas com dois grampos de aço, confeccionados a partir de pinos de Steinmann, inseridos mediolateralmente na cortical diafisária da tíbia. No Tratamento 2, um grampo foi inserido no sentido mediolateral e outro craniocaudal. No Tratamento 3, dois grampos foram inseridos no sentido mediolateral e um craniocaudal. No Tratamento 4, foi utilizada placa óssea. Os animais foram avaliados clinicamente quanto à sensibilidade dolorosa, alteração de volume e funcionalidade do membro; e radiograficamente, quanto à radiopacidade na linha de fratura, formação de calo ósseo, reação periosteal e radioluscência em torno do implante. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos, mas foi observado que os grampos não conferem a estabilidade conferida pela placa, podendo levar a união óssea retardada ou não-união.

Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da presença do cimento endodôntico e agente cimentante na retenção de pinos de fibra. Metodologia: Cento e oitenta dentes extraídos foram divididos em dois grupos (n=90) de acordo com a forma de obturação: condensação lateral ou obturação apenas do terço apical. Cada um destes grupos foi subdividido em três grupos (n=10) de acordo com o cimento utilizado para a obturação (AH Plus, Endofil e MTAFillapex). Os cimentos foram manipulados e acrescidos de corante Rodamina B na proporção de 0,1% para possibilitar visualização através da microscopia confocal a laser. Quinze dias após a obturação, estes dentes foram preparados para a cimentação do pino de fibra (Reforpost Angelus) com os cimentos RelyX ARC (ARC), U200 e Gold Label Cement Lining (GL). Os dentes foram seccionados transversalmente para obtenção de fatias com 1mm de espessura e submetidos à microscopia confocal a laser para verificar a penetração do cimento endodôntico nos túbulos dentinários, posteriormente ao teste de push-out. O padrão de falha foi analisado em esteromicroscópio e imagens representativas foram feitas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os valores de resistência de união em MPa de acordo com a técnica de obturação foram analisados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Os valores de resistência de união dos grupos experimentais foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e post hoc de Dunn, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre as formas de obturação (P>0,05). O tipo de cimento obturador influenciou a resistência de união, e o cimento MTA-Fillapex apresentou valores de resistência de união significativamente inferiores ao AH Plus (P<0,05). Os grupos que utilizaram GL para cimentação dos pinos de fibra de vidro apresentaram valores para o teste de push-out superiores aos cimentos resinosos (P < 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre o ARC e o U200 (P > 0,05). Conclusões: Valores de resistência de união mais altos foram observados quando os pinos de fibra foram cimentados com cimento GL . Os padrões de falha mistas foram predominantes e ocorreram em todos os grupos experimentais. / Aim: Evaluate the influence of the endodontic sealer and luting cements on the fiber post bond strength. Methodology: One hundred and eighty extracted teeth were assigned to two groups, considering the root filling technique: lateral condensation or root filling of the apical portion only. Each group were divided into three groups (n=10) according the sealer applied (AH Plus, Endofill or MTA-Fillapex). Rhodamine B was mixed to the sealer in a ratio of 0,1% in order to provide adequate fluorescence assessed by confocal microscopy. Fifty days after root canal filling, post-space preparation were performed with luting cements: RelyX ARC (ARC), U200 and Gold Label Cement Lining (GL). One thick slices were produced and submitted to confocal miscroscopy to assessed sealer penetration into dentinal tubules, and than submitted to push-out test. The failure modes were analysed in stereomicroscope and representative images were obtained in a scanning electron microscope. Push-out strength values of the root filling technique were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Push-out strength values of experimental groups were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn´s post hoc test at significance level 5%. Results: No significant difference was observed (P>0.05) between the root filling technique. The type of endodontic sealer influenced the push-out bond strength, and MTA-Fillapex sealers presents lower bond strength values than AH Plus (P<0.05). Fiber posts cemented with GL presented higher push-out bond strength than resin cements (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ARC and U200 (P>0.05). Conclusions: Fiber posts showed higher bond strength values when cemented with GL. Mixed failures were predominant and occurred in all the experimental groups.

Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da presença do cimento endodôntico e agente cimentante na retenção de pinos de fibra. Metodologia: Cento e oitenta dentes extraídos foram divididos em dois grupos (n=90) de acordo com a forma de obturação: condensação lateral ou obturação apenas do terço apical. Cada um destes grupos foi subdividido em três grupos (n=10) de acordo com o cimento utilizado para a obturação (AH Plus, Endofil e MTAFillapex). Os cimentos foram manipulados e acrescidos de corante Rodamina B na proporção de 0,1% para possibilitar visualização através da microscopia confocal a laser. Quinze dias após a obturação, estes dentes foram preparados para a cimentação do pino de fibra (Reforpost Angelus) com os cimentos RelyX ARC (ARC), U200 e Gold Label Cement Lining (GL). Os dentes foram seccionados transversalmente para obtenção de fatias com 1mm de espessura e submetidos à microscopia confocal a laser para verificar a penetração do cimento endodôntico nos túbulos dentinários, posteriormente ao teste de push-out. O padrão de falha foi analisado em esteromicroscópio e imagens representativas foram feitas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os valores de resistência de união em MPa de acordo com a técnica de obturação foram analisados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Os valores de resistência de união dos grupos experimentais foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e post hoc de Dunn, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre as formas de obturação (P>0,05). O tipo de cimento obturador influenciou a resistência de união, e o cimento MTA-Fillapex apresentou valores de resistência de união significativamente inferiores ao AH Plus (P<0,05). Os grupos que utilizaram GL para cimentação dos pinos de fibra de vidro apresentaram valores para o teste de push-out superiores aos cimentos resinosos (P < 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre o ARC e o U200 (P > 0,05). Conclusões: Valores de resistência de união mais altos foram observados quando os pinos de fibra foram cimentados com cimento GL . Os padrões de falha mistas foram predominantes e ocorreram em todos os grupos experimentais. / Aim: Evaluate the influence of the endodontic sealer and luting cements on the fiber post bond strength. Methodology: One hundred and eighty extracted teeth were assigned to two groups, considering the root filling technique: lateral condensation or root filling of the apical portion only. Each group were divided into three groups (n=10) according the sealer applied (AH Plus, Endofill or MTA-Fillapex). Rhodamine B was mixed to the sealer in a ratio of 0,1% in order to provide adequate fluorescence assessed by confocal microscopy. Fifty days after root canal filling, post-space preparation were performed with luting cements: RelyX ARC (ARC), U200 and Gold Label Cement Lining (GL). One thick slices were produced and submitted to confocal miscroscopy to assessed sealer penetration into dentinal tubules, and than submitted to push-out test. The failure modes were analysed in stereomicroscope and representative images were obtained in a scanning electron microscope. Push-out strength values of the root filling technique were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Push-out strength values of experimental groups were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn´s post hoc test at significance level 5%. Results: No significant difference was observed (P>0.05) between the root filling technique. The type of endodontic sealer influenced the push-out bond strength, and MTA-Fillapex sealers presents lower bond strength values than AH Plus (P<0.05). Fiber posts cemented with GL presented higher push-out bond strength than resin cements (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ARC and U200 (P>0.05). Conclusions: Fiber posts showed higher bond strength values when cemented with GL. Mixed failures were predominant and occurred in all the experimental groups.

Este trabalho avaliou a resistência de união de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados à dentina com o uso de um cimento resinoso convencional e um auto-adesivo. Trinta dentes bovinos unirradiculares tiveram as raízes 17mm a partir dos ápices. As raizes foram tratadas endodonticamente e divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n=10): G1- cimento resinoso convencional RelyX ARC + ScotchBond Multi Uso Plus (SBMP) fotoativado + pino de fibra de vidro; G2 RelyX ARC + SBMP quimicamente ativado + pino de fibra de vidro; G3 cimento resinoso auto-adesivo RelyX U100 + pino de fibra de vidro. Após a cimentação dos pinos, os espécimes foram armazenados por 24 horas em água destilada, à 37oC. As raízes foram cortadas sob irrigação constante para obter de 6 a 9 fatias de 1mm de espessura. O teste de resistência à extrusão foi realizado para medir a resistência adesiva nas fatias da região cervical, média e apical, a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Todos os espécimes foram observados em microscópio ótico de luz para avaliar os tipos de falhas. Os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância a dois critérios (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (p0,05). As médias gerais dos grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, (MPa) foram de 4,87 (±3,65); 5,89(±3,72); e 8,50(±4,52). Os valores de resistência adesiva regional nos terços cervical, médio e radicular, respectivamente, foram: G1- 5,26(±3,44); 5,11(±3,33); 5,01(±3,17); G2- 7,45(±3,82); 5,88(±2,50); 4,91(±2,74); G3- 10,11(±3,11); 9,12(±3,70); 4,99(±3,28). Os maiores valores de resistência adesiva foram encontrados com o cimento auto-adesivo. Ao avaliar os terços separadamente, os grupos 2 e 3 obtiveram comportamento semelhante nos terços cervical e médio. No terço apical, todos os grupos tiveram o mesmo comportamento. A resistência de união foi influenciada pelo tipo de cimento utilizado e região radicular, mas não foi alterada pela variação do modo de polimerização do sistema adesivo. / This work evaluated the bond strength of glass fiber posts to dentin using a conventional and a self-adhesive resin cement. Thirty bovine incisors had their roots sectioned 17mm from their apices, endodontically treated and assigned into 3 groups (n=10): group 1, conventional resin cement RelyX ARC + ScotchBond Multi Purpose Plus (SBMP) light activated + glass fiber post; Group 2, RelyX ARC+ SBMP chemically activated + glass fiber post; Group 3, self-adhesive resin cement RelyX U100 + glass fiber post. After luting, specimens were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37oC. Roots were sliced under water irrigation to obtain 1mm thick slices. Push-out test was performed on each slice with a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0,5mm/min. All fractured specimens were observed using a light microscope to identify modes of failure. Values were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (p0,05). Mean values (MPa) and standard deviation for groups 1, 2 and 3 were, respectively: 4.87 (±3.65); 5.89(±3.72); e 8.50(±4.52). Regional bond strength values for the cervical, medium and apical were: G1- 5.26(±3.44); 5.11(±3.33); 5.01(±3.17); G2- 7.45(±3.82); 5.88(±2.50); 4.91(±2.74); G3- 10.11(±3.11); 9.12(±3.70); 4.99(±3.28). The highest bond strength values were obtained using the self-adhesive cement. Regional bond strengths were similar in the cervical and medium region in groups 2 and 3. All cements had the same performance on the apical region. Bond strength was influenced by the type of cement used and radicular region, but was not altered by the activation mode of the bonding system.

The field of this diploma thesis is characteristic of cement used in road infrastructure building. In cooperation with the cement plant Horné Srnie, was made previously produced road cement matrix, according to the original recipe. This Diploma thesis is focused on the following characteristics of the cement: the compressive strength, the stiffening process, the volume stability and the development of the hydration heat. The research of the hydration process was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis

A common bridge type is the steel-concrete bridge where the concrete deck is built over steel girders. In many earlier designs the bridge type was often built as non-composite, which means that the concrete deck and the steel girder has no shear connection at the steel-concrete interface and therefore bend as individual components. With the increased traffic loads of today some of the existing non-composite bridges have insufficient bending capacity, and therefore they must either be replaced or strengthened. To replace a bridge and construct a new one has many downsides, it is time consuming, expensive, and it consumes a lot of finite resources. Therefore, it is better if the bridges could be strengthened instead. Non-composite steel-concrete bridges can in some cases be strengthened by installing shear connectors that enable composite action between the concrete deck and steel girder. To enable full composite action, many shear connectors need to be installed (10-15 per meter). In some cases, full composite action is not needed to achieve a sufficient load capacity. Therefore, to save time and money and reduce material usage, it could be favourable if the amount of shear connectors could be lowered. The concept of using less shear connectors than required for full composite action is known as partial composite action and is defined as a ratio η that can vary between 0 and 1,0. If the ratio is 0, the structure is non-composite and if it is 1,0, it is fully composite. For every ratio between, the structure is partially composite. Partial composite action is not allowed by the standard for new composite bridges in Europe, EN 1994-2, which instead requires full composite action for new bridges. Since the conventional shear connector type, Welded Headed Stud (WHS) is impractical for post-installation this can yield large costs. This thesis therefore analyses the efficiency of strengthening non-composite bridges with partial composite action by post-installation of the shear connector type Coiled Spring Pins (CSPs), which is more suitable for post-installation compared to WHS since the installation can be made from underneath the bridge deck. The thesis consists of a theoretical study about composite action with a focus on partial composite action. In addition to the theoretical study, a case study is performed on an existing non-composite steel-concrete bridge, the bridge over Yxlö channel, which is situated south of Stockholm in Nynäshamn municipality. In the case study, hand-calculations to calculate the moment capacity for the bridge and the bending stresses in the bridge is made. In addition, a linear Finite Element-analysis (FE-Analysis) is made to evaluate the bending stresses in the cross-section. Further, in the FE-analysis, the horizontal slip and shear flow at the steel-concrete interface is evaluated. The calculations in the case study are made for 10 different degrees of shear connection from 0 - 1,0 with increments of 0,1. The results from the hand-calculations showed that partial composite action an efficient strengthening method, especially for lower degrees of shear connection. The moment capacity in the mid-section of the bridge could be increased between 16 and 41 % for shear connection ratios between 0,4 and 1,0, when applying plastic properties. If elastic properties were used, the increase in moment capacity for the same interval and section was 13 – 21 %, which shows that if it is possible to use plastic properties, the moment capacity could be increased more.  The results from the stress analysis in both the Hand- and FE-calculations showed that the stresses were reduced efficiently, especially for the top flange of the steel girder, where the stresses reduced 75-85 % for shear connection ratios between 0,4 &amp; 1,0. The reduction of the stresses in the bottom flange were not as efficient, but still a reduction of 15 – 20 % is possible for shear connection ratio between 0,4 – 1,0. The overall conclusion from the thesis is that partial composite action can be an efficient strengthening method, and that non-composite bridges like the Yxlö Bridge could be strengthened with CSPs and have an effective increase of the bending moment capacity. This way the allowed axle- and bogie load on the bridge could be increased which could extend the technical life length of the bridge and reduce the need for new bridges.

Many of the existing steel-concrete bridges may need to be strengthened, as heavier vehicles areallowed on the Swedish roads. These bridges could possibly be strengthened by post-installingshear connectors. The shear connectors may enhance the load-bearing capacity through a higherdegree of composite action between the steel and concrete interface.For post-installing of shear connectors, it is advantageous to use a method that allows forinstallation from underneath the bridge as it avoids disrupting the traffic flow. The authors havehence focused on a shear connector called coiled spring pin (CSP); a sheet of metal rolled intoa coil. It’s inserted by hydraulic jacking into a pre-drilled hole and maintained in position dueto radial spring force, avoiding the need for welding.Information and data are collected from beam tests performed at Luleå technical university, theEurocodes and literature.This study investigates and identifies the behaviour and characteristics of a partial compositegirder reinforced with CSPs. The study compares the results obtained from the laboratory testsand the FEM-simulations. Furthermore, this research examines the factors that contribute to theaccuracy of the FEM models and investigates the influence of the CSP placement on the overallload-bearing capacity.Both the FEM simulations and laboratory tests indicate that the girders exhibit strength benefitsfrom applying CSPs. An optimal position for the connectors could not be determined, as theresults presented in the simulations was not proved by the laboratory tests. The simulationsindicate benefits with central placed CSPs, in contrast to the laboratory test where no differencesfrom the placement were shown, although only two test setups were used.

For bridges to cope with increased requirements such as increased loads, strengthening work can be carried out. In cases where older steel-concrete bridges do not have a composite action, an alternative is to create composite-action to achieve a higher flexural strength. It is introduced by post-installing shear connectors. There are many different alternatives of shear connectors that can be used, hence a number that can be installed from below the bridge to minimize the impact on the traffic. Coiled Spring Pins are of the interference fit type connector and are put in place from below the bridge by first drilling a hole upward through the upper steel flange and then into the concrete slab. Then, the spiral bolt is pushed up into the drilled hole by means of a hydraulic hammer. Using data from push-out tests and non-linear material models for steel and concrete, a non-linear finite element analysis was created using the commercial finite element software Abaqus. The analysis is based on dimensions and load cases that will mimic a planned full-scale beam test that will be carried out later in 2019. To verify that the material and the model behave in a realistic manner, an analysis was initially performed on a beam without composite-action, and a full-composite action beam with infinitely rigid connectors. These were then compared with hand calculations according to Eurocode. When the material models were verified, it is seen that the materials steel and concrete work for themselves in the analysis without composite-action and together in the analysis with full composite-action. The data for the spiral bolts is than defined instead of infinitely rigid connectors and new analyzes were performed to see the effect of the coiled spring pins properties. The results show that a significant increase in the point load in the middle of the beam can take place before failure occurs after installation of this type of shear connector. Already at a low number of connectors and a low shear connection-ratio, a significant increase in the flexural strength is seen in the beam. By using partial-composite action, with a lower number of spiral bolts, a significant higher flexural strength can be achieved in an economical way. / När kraven på att broar ska klara av ökade laster, kan förstärkningsarbeten utföras. I de fall där äldre stål-betongbroar saknar samverkanseffekt, är det ett alternativ att inför samverkan för att uppnå en högre böj-hållfastighet. Det införs genom att man installerar skjuvförbindare i efterhand. Det finns många olika alternativ av skjuvförbindare som kan användas, därav ett antal som går att installera underifrån bron för att minimera påverkan på trafiken. Spiralbultar (Coiled Spring Pins) är av typen presspassnings-förbindare och sätts på plats underifrån bron genom att det först borras ett hål uppåt genom övre stålflänsen och sedan upp i betongplattan. Därefter pressas spiralbulten upp i det borrade hålet med hjälp av en hydraulisk hammare. Med hjälp av data ifrån push-out-tester samt icke-linjära material modeller för stål och betong, skapades en icke-linjär analys i det finita element metods programmet Abaqus. Analysen är uppbyggd med dimensioner och lastfall som ska efterlikna ett planerat full-skaligt balktest som kommer utföras under 2019. För att verifiera att materialet och modellen beter sig realistiskt, utförs en analys på en balk utan samverkan, samt en full-samverkans balk med oändligt styva förbindare. Dessa jämförs sedan med handberäkningar enligt Eurokod. När materialmodellerna var verifierade sågs det att materialen stål och betong arbetar för sig själva i analysen utan samverkan och tillsammans i analysen med full-samverkan. Data för spiralbultarna lades sedan in istället för oändligt styva förbindare och nya analyser utförs för att se påverkan av spiralbultarnas egenskaper. Resultaten visade att en betydande ökning av punklasten i mitten av balken kan ske innan brott uppstår vid installation i efterhand av denna typen skjuvförbindare. Redan vid ett lågt antal förbindare och ett lågt skjuv-förhållande ses en betydande ökning av böj-hållfastigheten i balken. Genom att använda delvis-samverkan med ett lägre antal spiralbultar kan man på ett ekonomiskt sätt uppnå en betydligt högre böj-hållfasthet.