Nine pinto bean varieties were tested in the Bonita area of Graham county as a follow up to the tests the previous two years. The top yield in 1990 was nearly 1700 pounds per acre compared with 3200 to 3000 for 1989 and 1988, respectively. Late planting early frost and bean rust all figured into the reduced yields. Additionally, a replicated, small plot test was planted to eleven different species of beans as diverse as garbanzo, lima and kidneys. Yield results and comments on these beans adaptability to the area are included in this report.

The effect of utilization of pulse flours with coarse and fine particle size milled from green lentils, yellow peas, navy beans, and pinto beans in pita bread and pan bread was studied. Composites containing 25, 50, 75, and 100% pulse flours were studied for pita baking, and 10, 15, and 25% for pan bread baking. Addition of the pulse flours produced pitas with the pockets, but they were smaller in diameter and firmer in texture than the wheat control. Supplemented pan bread had lower specific loaf volume and firmer crumb with coarser grain. The recommended tolerance levels of pulse flour addition were 25% for pita bread and 10-15% for pan bread depending on the pulse flour and particle size. It appears that navy beans and pinto beans are more suitable for baking applications using composite flours than lentils and yellow peas, and coarse flours produced breads with improved quality compared to fine flours.

The effect of utilization of pulse flours with coarse and fine particle size milled from green lentils, yellow peas, navy beans, and pinto beans in pita bread and pan bread was studied. Composites containing 25, 50, 75, and 100% pulse flours were studied for pita baking, and 10, 15, and 25% for pan bread baking. Addition of the pulse flours produced pitas with the pockets, but they were smaller in diameter and firmer in texture than the wheat control. Supplemented pan bread had lower specific loaf volume and firmer crumb with coarser grain. The recommended tolerance levels of pulse flour addition were 25% for pita bread and 10-15% for pan bread depending on the pulse flour and particle size. It appears that navy beans and pinto beans are more suitable for baking applications using composite flours than lentils and yellow peas, and coarse flours produced breads with improved quality compared to fine flours.

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2018-11-12T17:45:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) resumo_dissertacao_bruna_evelyn_paschoal_silva.pdf: 38507 bytes, checksum: 8d990795549296c05ea21d298726f400 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-13T15:58:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 resumo_dissertacao_bruna_evelyn_paschoal_silva.pdf: 38507 bytes, checksum: 8d990795549296c05ea21d298726f400 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-13T15:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 resumo_dissertacao_bruna_evelyn_paschoal_silva.pdf: 38507 bytes, checksum: 8d990795549296c05ea21d298726f400 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Desastres ambientais como o ocorrido na região de Mariana (MG) são uma das principais causas do acúmulo de resíduos no solo que incluem inúmeros metais pesados, entre eles o óxido de ferro (Fe2O3) e óxido de zinco (ZnO). Assim sendo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas induzidas por diferentes concentrações de Fe2O3 e de ZnO em plantas de feijão carioca. O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos; no primeiro, avaliou-se o efeito dos compostos no potencial fisiológico das sementes e no crescimento inicial das plântulas. Para tanto, sementes de feijão carioca foram submetidas a diferentes concentrações de Fe2O3 (0, 5, 10 e 20 mg L-1) e ZnO (0, 5, 7,5 e 10,0 mg L-1). No segundo experimento, as plantas foram cultivadas em substrato e ao atingirem estádio V2 de crescimento transferidas para sistema hidropônico e submetidas as mesmas concentrações de Fe2O3 e ZnO. Após um período de 14 dias, foram realizadas as análises dos parâmetros de crescimento, índice de clorofila, flavonoides, antocianinas, balanço do nitrogênio, trocas gasosas e fluorescência transiente da clorofila a, além da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, bem como, o perfil mineral das plantas. Os resultados permitiram verificar que Fe2O3 e o ZnO causaram redução nos parâmetros de crescimento, mas não interferiram no potencial de germinação das sementes. Os índices de balanço de nitrogênio e antocianinas não apresentaram alterações, enquanto que o índice de clorofila e o de flavonoides sofreram incremento. Quanto à taxa fotossintética, assimilação de CO2, condutância estomática e transpiração, houve decréscimo significativo para todas as variáveis, porém, a eficiência no uso da água e eficiência intrínseca da água aumentaram. A fluorescência transiente da clorofila a indicou danos ao fotossistema I. Também, foram observadas alterações no crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Em relação as enzimas antioxidantes, os valores se mantiveram próximos ao controle. Já o perfil mineral evidenciou que metais pesados causam drástico desbalanço nutricional. Portanto, pode-se concluir que os metais óxido de ferro e zinco em níveis elevados ocasionam dano ao crescimento e no metabolismo fisiológico em plantas de feijão carioca. / Environmental disasters, like the one that happened at Mariana (state of Minas Gerais), are among the main reason for soil residue accumulation, caused by many types of heavy metals, such as iron oxide (Fe2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The objective of this research was to evaluate changes, induced by different concentrations of Fe2O3 and ZnO, in the physiological quality of seeds and in the metabolism of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants. The study was divided into two experiments; in the first one, the effect of the compounds on the physiological potential of seeds and initial growth of the seedlings was estimated. Pinto bean seeds were submitted to different Fe2O3 (0.0; 5.0 10.0 and 20.0mg L-1) and ZnO (0.0; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0mg L-1) concentrations. Subsequently, in the second experiment, the plants were cultivated in substrate and upon reaching growth stage V2, were moved to a hydroponic system and subjected to the same Fe2O3 e ZnO concentrations. After a fourteen-day period, analysis were performed, in order to evaluate growth parameter, chloropyll indicators, flavonoids, anthocyanins, nitrogen balance, gas exchange, chlorophyll a transient fluorescence, activity of antioxidant enzymes and the mineral profile of the plants during the work. Results attested that the two oxides caused reduction in the growth parameters, but did not interfere in the germination potential of the seeds. Chloropyll and flavonoid indicators experienced an increase, whereas the nitrogen balance and anthocyanin levels showed no changes. There was a significant decline on the photosynthetic rate, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration measurements, even though the water usage efficiency and water intrinsic efficiency levels went up. Chlorophyll a transient fluorescence rates showed damage to photosystem I. It was also observed a growth reduction of the aerial part of the plants and their root system. Regarding the antioxidant enzymes, values remained close to the control. The mineral profile displayed that heavy metals generate a dramatic nutritional imbalance. Therefore, it can be concluded that iron and zinc oxide metals at high levels cause damage to growth and physiological metabolism in pinto bean plants.