During the last forty years, advancements have pushed state-of-the-art placers to impressive performance placing modern multimillion gate designs in under an hour. Wide industry adoption of the analytical framework indicates the quality of these approaches. However, modern designs present significant challenges to address the multi objective requirements for multi GHz designs. As devices continue to scale, wires become more resistive and power constraints significantly dampen performance gains, continued improvement in placement quality is necessary. Additionally, placement has become more challenging with the integration of multi-objective constraints such as routability, timing and reliability. These constraints intensify the challenge of producing quality placement solutions and must be handled carefully. Exasperating the issue, shrinking schedules and budgets are requiring increased automation by blurring the boundary between manual and automated placement. An example of this new hybrid design style is the integration of structured placement constraints within traditional ASIC style circuit structures. Structure aware placement is a significant challenge to modern high performance physical design flows. The goal of this dissertation is to develop enhancements to state-of-the-art placement flows overcoming inadequacies for structured circuits. A key observation is that specific structures exist where modern analytical placement frameworks significantly underperform. Accurately measuring suboptimality of a particular placement solution however is very challenging. As such, this work begins by designing a series of structured placement benchmarks. Generating placement for the benchmarks manually offers the opportunity to accurately quantify placer performance. Then, the latest generation of academic placers is compared to evaluate how the placers performed for these design styles. Results of this work lead to discoveries in three key aspects of modern physical design flows. Datapath placement is the first aspect to be examined. This work narrows the focus to specifically target datapath style circuits that contain high fanout nets. As the datapath benchmarks showed, these high fanout nets misdirect analytical placement flows. To effectively handle these circuit styles, this work proposes a new unified placement flow that simultaneously places random-logic and datapath cells. The flow is built on top of a leading academic force-directed placer and significantly improves the quality of datapath placement while leveraging the speed and flexibility of existing algorithms. Effectively placing these circuits is not enough because in modern high performance designs, datapath circuits are often embedded within a larger ASIC style circuit and thus are unknown. As such, the next aspect of structured placement applies novel data learning techniques to train, predict, and evaluate potential structured circuits. Extracted circuits are mapped to groups that are aligned and simultaneously placed with random logic. The third aspect that can be enhanced with improved structured placement impacts local clock tree synthesis. Performance and power requirements for multi-GHz microprocessors necessitate the use of a grid-based clock network methodology, wherein a global clock grid is overlaid on the entire die area followed by local buffered clock trees. This clock mesh methodology is driven by three key reasons: First, full trees do not offer enough performance for modern microprocessors. Second, clock trees offer significant power savings over full clock meshes. Third, local clock trees reduce the local clock wiring demands compared to full meshes at lower level metal layers. To meet these demands, a shift in latch placement methodology is proposed by using structured placement templates. Placement configurations are identified a priori with significantly lower capacitance and the solutions are developed into placement templates. Results through careful experimentation demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches and the impact potential for modern high-speed designs. / text

Due to ineffectiveness of traditional advertising, the notion of "product placement" quickly reinforced to be a new forming trend in recent years. Companies incorporate their products into movie films or television media. Those placements attempt to generate positive attitudes of target audiences for the brand. Unfortunately, this strategic intent does not always work. Using the magazine as the medium, this research investigates how to optimize the effects of placement characteristics and advertising position. Product placement is presented in a fictitious article about the introduction to new Canon digital camera. An experiment of 2 (placement characteristics: prominent placement vs. subtle placement) ¡Ñ 4 (advertising position¡Gbefore the article vs. next to the article vs. after the article vs. no advertisement) factorial design is conducted. Eight different scenarios are established through fictitious a product placement, and eight experimental conditions are developed. The advertising effectiveness is measured by purchase intention and attitudes toward the brand. The results suggest that a subtle placement is more effective than a prominent placement. More importantly, an interaction of placement characteristics and advertising position is observed. The results indicate that product placement is most likely to backfire when a brand advertisement is shown next to the placement article. According to these findings, marketers should consider the ¡§placement characteristics¡¨ of their brands before choosing an appropriate advertisement position appearing in the product placement.

Zugl.: Fribourg, Univ., Diss., 2006.

The aim of this thesis is to describe marketing communication and product placement in the theoretical part, consequently analyze examples of product placement from the practice and last but not least also analyze the perception and examples of product placement based on the survey research. Therefore the thesis is divided into three main parts. The first, theoretical part, describes the marketing mix, concept of communication, communication mix, new forms of communication, integrated marketing communication, history of product placement, legal framework in the Czech Republic and the forms of product placement. The practical part then focuses on concrete examples of product placement in selected industries (namely TV shows and series, music videos, publishing and novels and computer games) followed by real offers of product placement in the Czech market -- concretely offerings within TV shows of Czech TV channels of Česká televize, Nova and Prima. The third part of the thesis analyses perception of product placement and examples of good and bad product placement based on personal questionnaires. In conclusion, there is an evaluation of the presented information and overview of the survey findings.

The purpose of this research paper was to explain how product placement in games influences the consumer’s attitude towards the brand. The aims during this work with the purpose in mind were to utilize quantitative methods in the pursuit of fulfilling the objective of answering how certain placement strategies can affect individual consumer’s attitudes. As said, quantitative methods are used in combination with deductive reasoning, hence meaning that researchers of this paper make use of such programs like google docs questionnaire (for collecting data and creating surveys), SPSS statistics (for measuring the given data and assembling patterns/relationships). Since these kinds of methods were used, it means that both primary and secondary sources were made use of by the authors. Findings concerning the research put forward in this paper indicates that the most significant kind of placement strategy which is motivated why its significance value, is Plot and narrative placement. research presented in this work is represented by three hypotheses. H1-screen placement, H2 -script placement and H3 plot placement. All hypothesis except the third one was accepted through 2 produced positive results (H2, H3) while one produced negative results (H1). As a wrap-up summary of this, consumers who play games seem to have a more positive attitude towards brands utilizing screen and plot placement rather than script placement. Hence having a better attitude when it comes to product placement in games compared from the previous studies. Researchers suggest using qualitative research to cover for more factors concerning product placement in games which may affect consumers'' attitude toward brands. This together with a further focus on random sampling may produce an interesting result.

<p>Title: Product Placement - A study of how Swedish children are exposed to product placement in Walt Disney Movies.</p><p>Authors: Erik Fritzell, Tobias Harhoff and Stefan Olstorpe</p><p>Advisor: Venilton Reinert</p><p>Type of work: Bachelor dissertation in Marketing</p><p>Date: Spring term 2010</p><p>Purpose: We will investigate whether or not there are product placements in the movies selected for our research. The selected movies must have children under the age of twelve as one of its target audi-ences. We will do a content analysis of the selected movies to see what kind of product placements there is in those movies.</p><p>We feel that this research can help to bring the concept of product placement towards children more into the light and hopefully we can make people more aware of the fact that companies use mov-ies to reach out and affect children with their products and messages.</p><p>Research question: In what way are Swedish children exposed to product placements in movies produced by Walt Disney Pictures?</p><p>Method & material: Literature about Product Placement and observing movies if they contain placements.</p><p>Main result: Children will be exposed by product placement in Walt Disney movies, this can happen through visual, verbal or plot placements, but the age and development is a crucial factor when it comes to receptiveness.</p><p>Key words: Product placement, visual placement, verbal placement, plot placement, marketing.</p>

Title: Product Placement - A study of how Swedish children are exposed to product placement in Walt Disney Movies. Authors: Erik Fritzell, Tobias Harhoff and Stefan Olstorpe Advisor: Venilton Reinert Type of work: Bachelor dissertation in Marketing Date: Spring term 2010 Purpose: We will investigate whether or not there are product placements in the movies selected for our research. The selected movies must have children under the age of twelve as one of its target audi-ences. We will do a content analysis of the selected movies to see what kind of product placements there is in those movies. We feel that this research can help to bring the concept of product placement towards children more into the light and hopefully we can make people more aware of the fact that companies use mov-ies to reach out and affect children with their products and messages. Research question: In what way are Swedish children exposed to product placements in movies produced by Walt Disney Pictures? Method &amp; material: Literature about Product Placement and observing movies if they contain placements. Main result: Children will be exposed by product placement in Walt Disney movies, this can happen through visual, verbal or plot placements, but the age and development is a crucial factor when it comes to receptiveness. Key words: Product placement, visual placement, verbal placement, plot placement, marketing.

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are increasing in capacity at an exponential rate, and thus there is an increasingly strong demand to accelerate simulated annealing placement. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) offer a unique opportunity to accelerate this simulated annealing placement on a manycore architecture using only commodity hardware. GPUs are optimized for applications which can tolerate single-thread latency and so GPUs can provide high throughput across many threads. However simulated annealing is not embarrassingly parallel and so single thread latency should be minimized to improve run time. Thus it is questionable whether GPUs can achieve any speedup over a sequential implementation. In this thesis, a novel subset-based simulated annealing placement framework is proposed, which specifically targets the GPU architecture. A highly optimized framework is implemented which, on average, achieves an order of magnitude speedup with less than 1% degradation for wirelength and no loss in quality for timing on realistic architectures.

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are increasing in capacity at an exponential rate, and thus there is an increasingly strong demand to accelerate simulated annealing placement. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) offer a unique opportunity to accelerate this simulated annealing placement on a manycore architecture using only commodity hardware. GPUs are optimized for applications which can tolerate single-thread latency and so GPUs can provide high throughput across many threads. However simulated annealing is not embarrassingly parallel and so single thread latency should be minimized to improve run time. Thus it is questionable whether GPUs can achieve any speedup over a sequential implementation. In this thesis, a novel subset-based simulated annealing placement framework is proposed, which specifically targets the GPU architecture. A highly optimized framework is implemented which, on average, achieves an order of magnitude speedup with less than 1% degradation for wirelength and no loss in quality for timing on realistic architectures.

Reproduction de : Thèse Doctorat : Droit : Lyon : 1936. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. [153]-156.