• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 124
  • 99
  • 21
  • 16
  • 16
  • 11
  • 5
  • 5
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 360
  • 93
  • 64
  • 51
  • 38
  • 36
  • 33
  • 32
  • 30
  • 25
  • 24
  • 22
  • 20
  • 20
  • 18
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

The effects of displacement on elderly renters in Jamaica Plain

Kolodney, Ruth January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 101-103. / by Ruth Kolodney. / M.C.P.
92

Análise da estampabilidade de chapas de aço baixo e médio carbono através de deformações plásticas uniaxiais e ortogonais quase planares. / Formability of low and medium carbon steel sheets under uniaxial and orthogonal near plain strain conditions.

Marcos Domingos Xavier 28 July 2014 (has links)
As curvas limite de conformação (CLC) permitem representar de maneira abrangente a estampabilidade de uma chapa e tem sido empregadas largamente como critério na otimização do processo de estampagem e no projeto de matrizes. Os ensaios simulativos Nakazima são comumente utilizados na determinação das curvas CLC mas suas posições são afetadas devido ao atrito do punção com a chapa e desta com a matriz. Adicionalmente, são demorados e dispendiosos porque exigem 10 corpos de prova (c.p.) de dimensões diferentes e pelo menos três c.p. de cada uma destas dimensões para fins estatísticos perfazendo a quantidade mínima recomendada de 30 corpos de prova. A necessidade da gravação de rede de círculos nas superfícies de todas as amostras bem como as leituras ópticas das elipses após as deformações oneram e atrasam mais a obtenção das CLC. A presente pesquisa baseou-se no aço da qualidade livre de intersticiais (IF) e no aço SAE 1050 coalescido e buscou determinar o ponto CLC0, raiz das curvas CLC e crítico para a estampagem, de modo mais rápido e barato que os ensaios simulativos. Assim, o ensaio intrínseco de tração uniaxial em estado plano de deformação foi aplicado utilizando menor quantidade de amostras. O ensaio Nakazima e Análises por Elementos Finitos (FEM) também foram executados nos aços sob estudo, de modo a permitir comparações dos valores CLC0. Os resultados de CLC0 obtidos pelos ensaios de tração uniaxiais em estado plano de deformação mostraram-se inferiores àqueles apresentados pela análise por elementos finitos e pelo ensaio não planar Nakazima, especialmente em relação a este último. A influência de trações unidirecionais e também ortogonais em estado plano de deformação sobre a rugosidade superficial das chapas, CLC0 e seu estado de tensões (CLT0) e sobre a textura também foi analisada. Desta forma, CLC0 e rugosidade mostraram-se dependentes da trajetória de deformação ao contrario de CLT0. A textura do aço IF, forte no estado recozido, foi fortalecida na direção DL e enfraquecida na direção DT em qualquer das duas trajetórias de deformação. / The forming limit curves (FLC) are used to reveal sheet metal formability and it is largely used in the stamping process optimization and in the project of dies. The measurements of FLC points are made by simulative tests (for example, the one named after Nakazima) which are very complex and costly procedures: around thirty specimens with different measures; engraving of circles grid in metallics surfaces and also, plastics strains and optical lectures are required. The present work used interstitial free (IF) and SAE 1050 spheroidized steel sheets. The aim was to investigate the precision of a simplified test, called near plane tensile test, wich is simpler and less dispendious, allowing the determination of the critical value to formability called FLC0 by a intrinsic plane strain test, which uses smaller sample numbers. The FLC0 value was obtained also by Nakazima simulative test and Finite Elements Analysis (FEM) to allow comparisons with plane strain tests. The results of FLC0 obtained by plane strain tension tests are smaller that similar values provided through FEM and Nakazima tests, but these differences can be attributed to deficiencies in these procedures, so the plane strain tensile values are presumably more reliable. The numerical analysis FEM ignores texture evolution during plastic strain, which is a possible factor to explain the differences. The Nakazima test showed largest FLC0 parameter in all cases, which is attributed to geometric factors. Evolution of sheet roughness, crystallographic texture and their correlation with the obtained FLC0 values were also investigated in addition to applying plain strain uniaxial and orthogonal tensile tests. The type of deformation trajectory influenced the FLC0 point and roughness, but the tension point FLSC0 associated to FLC0 was invariant. Texture depends on deformation trajectory and its intensity increases with the deformation along rolling direction.
93

Relação solo-relevo-substrato geológico na planíce costeira de Bertioga (SP) / Soil-relief-geologic substract relationship on the coastal plain of Bertioga (SP)

Vanda Moreira Martins 26 May 2009 (has links)
O conhecimento do relevo, geologia, cronologia e dos solos nos ambientes costeiros, constitui importante elemento para a interpretação, reconstituição e conservação dos mesmos. Em Bertioga-SP, alguns setores das unidades morfoestratigráficas pleistocênicas e holocênicas, que formam as planícies do litoral paulista, encontram-se preservados na paisagem. A busca pela compreensão da relação entre os solos, o relevo, a natureza e a cronologia dos sedimentos costeiros, acrescida do interesse em estudar os Espodossolos desenvolvidos sobre esses sedimentos direcionaram os objetivos deste trabalho. Para tanto, identificou-se e caracterizou-se os solos e os sedimentos sobre os quais eles se desenvolveram. A fotointerpretação, os trabalhos de campo, as análises químicas, geocronológicas (datações por TL, LOE e 14C) e a granulometria dos solos/sedimentos auxiliaram na identificação, delimitação espacial, bem como o desenvolvimento de teorias sobre a evolução dos solos sobre os depósitos sedimentares. Depósitos continentais, fluviais e marinhos foram identificados. Também foi registrada a influência das formas de relevo e da profundidade do lençol dágua na dinâmica evolutiva e distribuição espacial dos solos em cada unidade geomorfológica. Os Espodossolos, Neossolos, Organossolos, Gleissolos e Cambissolos foram as principais Ordens de solos identificadas. As diferenças topográficas, geomorfológicas e geológicas dos ambientes condicionam a quantidade de água, a fisionomia da vegetação e o conteúdo matéria orgânica nas seis principais unidades geomorfológicas identificadas na planície costeira: (a) depressões fluviolagunares caracterizadas por sedimentos orgânico-pelítico-psamíticos e Organossolos e Gleissolos; (b) terraços marinhos arenosos com predomínio de Espodossolos com ou sem horizontes cimentados (ortstein) e horizontes plácicos; (c) cristas praiais arenosas com Neossolos Quartzarênicos e Espodossolos destituídos de horizontes cimentados (ortstein); (d) rampas de colúvio, psamíticas, com Cambissolos; (e) planície fluvial de granulometria variada com Gleissolos e Neossolos Flúvicos e (f) planícies de maré, psamíticas e pelíticas, onde predominam os Organossolos e Gleissolos. Além dessas unidades, as praias recentes e os setores dominados pelos depósitos continentais colúvio-aluviais indiferenciados também foram abordados como unidades geomorfológicas individuais. A topografia das unidades geomorfológicas de origem marinha, além de indicar a cronologia dos depósitos, influencia no desenvolvimento de diferentes classes de Espodossolos. Os atributos físico-químicos e morfológicos dos Espodossolos podem auxiliar na diferenciação cronológica dos depósitos quaternários mais recentes (holocênicos). A área de ocorrência dos terraços marinhos pleistocênicos é mais extensa do que aquelas registradas nos documentos cartográficos existentes. Nos setores bem drenados dos remanescentes de terraços marinhos pleistocênicos altos, a influência das condições de relevo na pedogênese se reflete na formação dos Neossolos Quartzarênicos (RQ) a partir do desmantelamento dos Espodossolos, enquanto nos terraços marinhos holocênicos os RQ se desenvolvem, podendo evoluir para Espodossolos. / Knowledge of the chronology, relief, geology and soils in sedimentary coastal environments is relevant for their interpretation, reconstitution and conservation. In Bertioga, São Paulo State Brazil, several sections of the Pleistocene and Holocene morphostratigraphic costal plain units are preserved in the landscape. This thesis seeks the perception of the relationships between soils, geomorphology, relief and the chronology of Bertiogas coastal sand deposits as well as to study Podzols developed on them. Soils and the different sedimentary environments where these soils develop were thus identified and characterized. Photointerpretation, field work, chemical, physical and chronological (luminescence and radiocarbon dating) analysis supported the identification, spatial delimitation as well as the development of genesis theories of soils over continental, fluvial and marine deposits. Previous data additionally allowed the evaluation of the influence of relief forms and water table depth on the evolutionary dynamics of soils and on their spatial distribution pattern. The main identified orders of soils included Podzols, Arenosols, Fluvisols, Histosols, Gleysols and Cambisols. The topographic, geomorphologic and geologic differences of the environments had conditioned the amount of water, the vegetation features and the organic matter content of the following geomorphologic units: (a) lagoonal terrace depressions, characterized by organo-pelitic-psammitic sediments under Histosols and Gleysols; (b) marine terraces formed by fine to very fine sand under Podzols with and without hardpans (ortstein); (c) fine sandy beach ridges with a dominance of Arenosols and, on a secondary level, Podzols without hardpans (ortstein) and placic horizons; (d) psammitic colluvial slope deposits with Cambisols; (e) fluvial plains with varied texture and with Gleysols and Fluvisols and (f) psammitic and pelitic tidal flats, where Histosols and Gleysols predominate. Besides these units, modern beaches and sections dominated by non-differentiated colluvial-alluvial continental deposits were also analyzed as individual geomorphological units. Topography of geomorphological units from marine origin indicates the chronological sequence of deposits, in addition to influencing the development of different of Podzols, the physical, chemical and morphological properties of which allowed the chronological differentiation of modern Quaternary deposits (Holocene). The mapped area of the Pleistocene marine terraces occurrence was found to be larger than the one indicated on cartographic documents published up to the moment. In the well-drained sections of remnant soils from high Pleistocene marine terraces, the influence of the relief forms on pedogenesis is shown through the formation of Arenosols originated from the destruction of spodic horizons, whereas Arenosols in Holocene marine terrace tends to evolve into Podzols.
94

Snakes of the Pantanal: biogeography and taxonomic, phylogenetic and ecomorphological diversity / Serpentes do Pantanal: diversidade taxonômica, filogenética e ecomorfológica

Piatti, Liliana 20 February 2017 (has links)
Species composition in biological communities is a result of interactions of the evolutionary history of both organisms and environments, along with local factors that currently mediate species occurrence and coexistence. In floodplains, like the Pantanal, flood pulses are recognized as the main driver of ecological processes that control both species spatial and temporal distribution, but also shape communities. The Pantanal is the largest tropical floodplain on Earth and it has a less rich biota than that of surrounding regions. This has been attributed to the hardness imposed by the flood cycles on the organisms and also to the recent formation of the plain. The main goal of this thesis was to investigate diversity patterns of the snake community of the Pantanal regarding their origins, through stating and testing hypothesis about past and present processes that acted on the current assembly of snake communities in this seasonal floodplain. We adopted approaches that provided evidences for processes at deep and recent time scales, as well as a wide special scale, that encompasses the entire hydrographic basin where the Pantanal is located - the Paraguay River Basin. We found that Pantanal snake fauna belongs to a species group widely distributed in the basin, and is linked to the Paraguay River channel and nearby lowland areas. The entire basin has regionalized faunas distributed around the Pantanal floodplain, which may be acting as a barrier for some species and as a dispersal corridor for others. Our expectation that seasonal flooding could act as an environmental filter, allowing only species with adaptations to deal with this recurrent event to occur, was not supported. Rather than that, flooding seemed to be decreasing the relative force of deterministic processes on community assembly and so favoring species with generalist habits by promoting recurrent ecosystem disturbances. Environmental filter can be acting through the forest cover gradient, giving origin to richer communities in more open areas and assemblages formed by species with similar habitat uses in more forested areas. However, these patterns also could have originated from the ecological divergences between biotas originating from open and forested areas in South America / A composição de comunidades biológicas atuais é resultado da interação da história evolutiva dos organismos e dos ambientes com fatores locais contemporâneos que mediam a ocorrência e coexistência das espécies. Em planícies de inundação como o Pantanal, os pulsos de inundação são considerados as principais forças que mediam processos ecológicos, que por sua vez controlam a distribuição espacial e temporal dos organismos e a composição das comunidades. O Pantanal é a maior planície de inundação tropical e possui uma biota menos rica que a encontrada em áreas de entorno. Isto tem sido atribuído as condições adversas que os ciclos de inundações impõem sobre os organismos, e também à recente formação da região. O principal objetivo desta tese foi investigar os padrões de diversidade de comunidades de serpentes no Pantanal a respeito de suas origens, apresentando e testando hipóteses sobre processos passados e atuais que operaram na organização de comunidades de serpentes dessa planície inundável. Nós adotamos abordagens que podem evidenciar processos em escalas temporais recentes e antigas, e uma escala espacial ampla, que abrange toda a bacia hidrográfica onde o Pantanal está situado - a bacia do Rio Paraguai. Nós encontramos que a fauna de serpentes do Pantanal é parte de uma conjunto de espécies amplamente distribuído na bacia, que é relacionado à calha do Rio Paraguai e às planícies associadas a ele. A bacia hidrográfica possui faunas regionalizadas distribuídas ao redor da planície do Pantanal, a qual pode estar atuando como barreira para algumas espécies e como corredor de dispersão para outras. Nossa expectativa de que as inundações sazonais ajam como filtro ambiental, permitindo a ocorrência na planícicie somente das espécies com adaptações para lidar com esses eventos periódicos, não foi suportada. Ao invés disso, as inundações parecem diminuir a força relativa dos processos determinísticos na organização das comunidades e então favorecem a ocorrência de espécies com hábitos generalistas por causarem distúrbios recorrentes no ecossistema. Filtros ambientais podem estar em ação por meio do gradiente de cobertura de florestas, dando origem a comunidades mais ricas em áreas mais abertas e taxocenoses formadas por espécies com uso de hábitat similares em áreas mais florestadas. Porém esses padrões podem igualmente terem sido produzidos a partir das divergências ecológicas observadas entre as biotas que se originaram em áreas abertas e florestadas da América do Sul, e não pela ação isolada de um filtro ambiental
95

Análise da estampabilidade de chapas de aço baixo e médio carbono através de deformações plásticas uniaxiais e ortogonais quase planares. / Formability of low and medium carbon steel sheets under uniaxial and orthogonal near plain strain conditions.

Xavier, Marcos Domingos 28 July 2014 (has links)
As curvas limite de conformação (CLC) permitem representar de maneira abrangente a estampabilidade de uma chapa e tem sido empregadas largamente como critério na otimização do processo de estampagem e no projeto de matrizes. Os ensaios simulativos Nakazima são comumente utilizados na determinação das curvas CLC mas suas posições são afetadas devido ao atrito do punção com a chapa e desta com a matriz. Adicionalmente, são demorados e dispendiosos porque exigem 10 corpos de prova (c.p.) de dimensões diferentes e pelo menos três c.p. de cada uma destas dimensões para fins estatísticos perfazendo a quantidade mínima recomendada de 30 corpos de prova. A necessidade da gravação de rede de círculos nas superfícies de todas as amostras bem como as leituras ópticas das elipses após as deformações oneram e atrasam mais a obtenção das CLC. A presente pesquisa baseou-se no aço da qualidade livre de intersticiais (IF) e no aço SAE 1050 coalescido e buscou determinar o ponto CLC0, raiz das curvas CLC e crítico para a estampagem, de modo mais rápido e barato que os ensaios simulativos. Assim, o ensaio intrínseco de tração uniaxial em estado plano de deformação foi aplicado utilizando menor quantidade de amostras. O ensaio Nakazima e Análises por Elementos Finitos (FEM) também foram executados nos aços sob estudo, de modo a permitir comparações dos valores CLC0. Os resultados de CLC0 obtidos pelos ensaios de tração uniaxiais em estado plano de deformação mostraram-se inferiores àqueles apresentados pela análise por elementos finitos e pelo ensaio não planar Nakazima, especialmente em relação a este último. A influência de trações unidirecionais e também ortogonais em estado plano de deformação sobre a rugosidade superficial das chapas, CLC0 e seu estado de tensões (CLT0) e sobre a textura também foi analisada. Desta forma, CLC0 e rugosidade mostraram-se dependentes da trajetória de deformação ao contrario de CLT0. A textura do aço IF, forte no estado recozido, foi fortalecida na direção DL e enfraquecida na direção DT em qualquer das duas trajetórias de deformação. / The forming limit curves (FLC) are used to reveal sheet metal formability and it is largely used in the stamping process optimization and in the project of dies. The measurements of FLC points are made by simulative tests (for example, the one named after Nakazima) which are very complex and costly procedures: around thirty specimens with different measures; engraving of circles grid in metallics surfaces and also, plastics strains and optical lectures are required. The present work used interstitial free (IF) and SAE 1050 spheroidized steel sheets. The aim was to investigate the precision of a simplified test, called near plane tensile test, wich is simpler and less dispendious, allowing the determination of the critical value to formability called FLC0 by a intrinsic plane strain test, which uses smaller sample numbers. The FLC0 value was obtained also by Nakazima simulative test and Finite Elements Analysis (FEM) to allow comparisons with plane strain tests. The results of FLC0 obtained by plane strain tension tests are smaller that similar values provided through FEM and Nakazima tests, but these differences can be attributed to deficiencies in these procedures, so the plane strain tensile values are presumably more reliable. The numerical analysis FEM ignores texture evolution during plastic strain, which is a possible factor to explain the differences. The Nakazima test showed largest FLC0 parameter in all cases, which is attributed to geometric factors. Evolution of sheet roughness, crystallographic texture and their correlation with the obtained FLC0 values were also investigated in addition to applying plain strain uniaxial and orthogonal tensile tests. The type of deformation trajectory influenced the FLC0 point and roughness, but the tension point FLSC0 associated to FLC0 was invariant. Texture depends on deformation trajectory and its intensity increases with the deformation along rolling direction.
96

Geomorphic and temporal evolution of a Mississippi delta flanking barrier island: Grand Isle, LA

Torres, Julie A 23 May 2019 (has links)
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating beach ridge sediments is one method for resolving barrier island growth at intermediate scales (decades-centuries), information that is lacking for Louisiana. This research combines OSL, GPR, aerial imagery, and cores to document temporal and spatial evolution of a Louisiana barrier island. Grand Isle is composed of beach ridges organized in distinct, unconformable sets that began forming 0.75 ka until 0.575 ka when deposition ceased, the ridges were partially eroded, and deposition resumed in a more eastward direction. The central ridges formed between 370±30 and 170±10 years ago at a rate of one ridge every 11.6 years with sand from the eroding Caminada headland that, with flanking barriers, forms the Bayou Lafourche transgressive depositional system. Grand Isle’s lithosome (92,600,000 cubic meters) requires an annual longshore transport of 128,625 cubic meters. The lithosome thickness (10 meters) and steady sediment supply stabilize the island relative to other Louisiana barriers.
97

An Assessment of Habitat Suitability for Pronghorn Populations of the Central Valley Region of California

Burroughs, Virginia 01 December 2013 (has links)
Efforts to reintroduce and maintain populations of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) to the California Central Valley, specifically the Carrizo Plain National Monument (CPNM) and the Mojave Desert (Antelope Valley) portion of Tejon Ranch, have largely been unsuccessful due to dwindling numbers of translocated animals. The objective of this study was to improve upon previous models for the CPNM using aerial survey data and then apply the model to the Tejon Ranch. Aerial survey data collected from 2000-2010 on the CPNM was used to establish “use” and “non-use” areas in the model. Model variables included vegetation type (forest, shrub, grassland, semi-desert scrub, crops, and bare areas), slope, and road density. Vegetation and road density variables were treated categorically and slope as a continuous variable. Kernel density estimation (KDE) was used to estimate utilization distributions and home ranges (Fieberg 2007). An 80% isopleth was used to define “used” and “unused” habitat areas within the study site. Binary logistic regression was used to detect correlations between habitat variables and habitat use by pronghorn. Results of the regression analysis indicated overall significance with a p-value of < 0.0001 (testing that all slopes = 0). Each habitat variable comparison was made after adjusting for the other variables (e.g., slope effects were evaluated after adjusting for road density and vegetation type) and was found to be significant. Each variable coefficient was then included in a predictive equation and entered into GIS to generate a map to predict where pronghorn would likely be observed. Similar layers were created for the Tejon Ranch and the predictive equation was run with the CPNM statistical analysis. Limited conclusions about habitat suitability on the CPNM or the Tejon Ranch can be made based on the habitat data available for this model. While slope, road density, and vegetation type are all significant habitat variables influencing pronghorn habitat use, further study is needed to understand the mechanisms driving these relationships. With additional data expansion of the current habitat suitability model would help to further define pronghorn habitat use, specifically the creation of a focused model of a particular season, life history period, or individual animal use to identify more detailed habitat use patterns.
98

A Historical Study of Plain City, Weber County, Utah: Community Background as an Influence on Education

Taylor, Fern Olsen 01 May 1959 (has links)
The problem. The problem in the study of the history of Plain City was to show that community backgrounds do affect the lives of individuals. Greater social achievement can be attained within the framework of a good foundation in education a solidarity of home life, a respect for mankind and attention to religious beliefs.
99

Relações paleoclimá¡ticas e paleoambientais durante o Holoceno no Leste da Amazônia na região da Volta Grande do Rio Xingu / not available

Santos, Rudney de Almeida 20 February 2019 (has links)
O leste da região amazônica é uma região ainda pouco explorada pela palinologia, sendo que algumas questões sobre o paleoclima e o paleoambiente ainda necessitam de respostas. Além disso, o conhecimento da vegetação de planícies de inundação é fundamental para o entendimento da formação e evolução das Florestas de Várzea e Igapó. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na porção leste da Amazônia na região da Volta Grande do Rio Xingu, município de Altamira no Estado do Pará. Foram coletados dois testemunhos intitulados XC06 - Lago Irirí (3°48\' 56.09\" S - 52°40\' 29.60\" O) e XC01-2 - Ilha Arapujá (3°48\' 57.56\" S - 52°40\' 27.42\" O). Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: Verificar a evolução da vegetação de várzea e igapó durante o Holoceno; investigar o possível evento seco durante o Holoceno Médio no leste da Amazônia; avaliar o clima que prevaleceu ao longo do perfil sedimentar e buscar evidências de alteração na paisagem relacionadas a atividades antrópicas. A técnica empregada para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram a palinologia, partículas carbonizadas, granulometria, XRF e isótopos (C/N, NT, ? 15N e COT). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a vegetação alcançou dois momentos de expansão e desenvolvimento sendo o primeiro em cerca de 8.700 anos cal. AP e o segundo cerca de 2.000 anos cal. AP. Oscilações na concentração de táxons polínicos, mostraram momentos de períodos de inundação prolongados que afetou diretamente a vegetação. Durante o Holoceno a região de estudo apresentou umidade sempre presente, o que revela a ausência de evento seco no Médio Holoceno em Altamira. Atividades antrópicas estão evidenciadas a partir de 1.900 anos cal. AP, pelo aumento de esporos, presença de vegetação característica de abertura de floresta e presença de vegetação de interesse humano como é o caso de Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti). / The eastern part of the Amazon region is a region not yet explored by palynology, and some questions about paleoclimate and paleoenvironment still require answers. In addition, the knowledge of floodplain vegetation is fundamental for understanding the formation and evolution of the Várzea and Igapó Forests. The work was carried out in the eastern portion of the Amazon region of the Volta Grande region of the Xingu River, in the municipality of Altamira in the State of Pará. Two cores entitled XC06 - Lago Irirí (3 ° 48 \'56.09 \"S - 52 ° 40\' 29.60\" W) and XC01-2 - Ilha Arapujá (3 ° 48 \'57.56 \"S - 52 ° 40\' 27.42\" W). The objectives of the research were: To verify the evolution of the vegetation of várzea and igapó during the Holocene; to investigate the possible dry event during the Middle Holocene in eastern Amazonia; to evaluate the climate that prevailed along the sedimentary profile and to seek evidence of alterations in the landscape related to anthropic activities. The technique used for the development of the research was palynology, carbonized particles, granulometry, XRF and isotopes (C/N, NT, ?15N and TOC). The results showed that the vegetation reached two moments of expansion and development, being the first in about 8,700 cal. years BP and the second about 2,000 cal. years BP. Oscillations in the concentration of pollen taxa showed moments of prolonged flood periods that directly affected the vegetation. During the Holocene, the study area presented constant moisture, which reveals the absence of a dry event in the Middle Holocene in Altamira. Anthropogenic activities are evidenced from 1,900 cal. years BP, by the increase of spores, presence of vegetation characteristic of opening of forest and presence of vegetation of human interest as is the case of Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti).
100

Integrated coastal zone management using system dynamics approach for land subsidence problems¡Ðthe case study of Pingtung plain

Lin, Chun-i 13 August 2007 (has links)
Coastal zone become the object which is used to develop when the economy developed quickly and population increase. As a result of coastal zone is a region which involves economy, environment, ecology, and engineering. We must integrated many factors and coordinated related groups. Then we can achieve the goal of sustainable development. The research involved the knowledge and experiences from Europe, American, and Japan. Except they used a construct of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) to think the questions, they combined ecology, water conservancy engineering, social economic activities, and environmental protection. Then they used DSR framework as the foundation to establish the system which evaluated sustainable development of the coastal zone, and they can develop the system dynamic model analyzing the coastal management in many conditions. Land subsidence is a potential crisis, it grows obviously with the time and has the impact to the environment., When typhoon occurs in the west part of Taiwan coastal area, draining which is unable to operate may cause flood, mole avalanche, seawater intrusion and soil salinization. First we must understand the origin and the management of land subsidence, then we can make the effective strategies by researching different background and geography characteristic of the region. As a result of land subsidence involves economy, environment, ecology and engineering, the process of land subsidence is a complex problem which has multiple causes. This problem usually involves time-delay and long-term effect. System dynamics is an approach that is used to describe, explore and analyze the procedure, information and the boundary of organizations in complex systems. Such model is good for solving dynamic complex problems with non-linearity, causal circulation, information feedback and time-delay as long as the estimative parameter fall in its confidence level. The object of the research is to inspect land subsidence in the Pingtung plain. Therefore, this study proposes to find strategies which is suitable to solve interested problems according to integrate social-economic and ecologic-environment development. The framework of the research is based on the DSR (Driving forces-State-Response) index, and it makes evaluated factor from collecting domestic and foreign literature. Then we selected the important factors and its weight value by using the method of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to visit the expert and the scholar. According to above, we developed the model of system dynamics and build confidence in the model. In addition, the result of the simulation can provide good supporting information for decision makers by using the model for several strategies simulation and making the index to represent the performance of simulation analysis.

Page generated in 0.0437 seconds