Organic agriculture has offered a more sustainable alternative to conventional agricultural production and has grown rapidly in many countries. By 2012, over 5,000 hectares of land will be farmed organically in Taiwan. To understand and predict Taiwanese farmers¡¦ intention to become engaged in organic agricultural production, this study assessed participants¡¦ behavior determinants based on an integrated model, including Ajzen¡¦s (1988) theory of planned behavior and Roger¡¦s (1995) theory of innovation diffusion. An extra variable¡Xresponsibility¡Xwas also added to the model. The study interviews 166 farmers from organic farming class held by Agriculture Reform Fields, and 187 farmers from conventional farming class held by local Farmers¡¦ Associations. Assessments show that for farmers who attended organic-farming classes, (a) attitude, perceived behavioral control and responsibility predict participants¡¦ intention behind engagement in organic agriculture, and that (b) complexity, compatibility and observability predict their attitude. As for farmers who attended conventional-farming classes, assessments reveal that (a) attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and responsibility predict participants¡¦ intention behind engagement in organic agriculture, and that (b) environmental concern, complexity and observability predict participants¡¦ attitude. Furthermore, results also suggest that farmers who have younger ages, degrees of higher education, ownership of larger land, or suspicions that acquaintances fell ill due to pesticides are more willing to engage in organic agriculture. Implications regarding how to construct organic agriculture policy and how to distribute to farmers relevant information (e.g., certification process, sales skills and skills in organic farming) are discussed.

The reduction green house gases (GHG) and migitation of climate change have become great challenges to mankind. Taiwan¡¦s households, which account for about 13% of the GHG emissions in Taiwan, are certainly a target for GHS and energy reduction. Based on the theory of planned behavior and Stern and Gardner's (1981) typology of energy saving behavior, this study proposed a model of curtailment behavior toward climate change (CCC model) and a model of efficiency action toward climate change (ECC model). Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that both models were useful. The CCC model could predict people's intent to take curtailment actions and actual behavior, whereas the ECC model could predict people's intent to take efficiency actions. However, the functions of independent variables were different by gender in both models. Subjective norm influnce the dependent variable significantly only in ECC model. This study suggests some energy saving methods, according to the literatures and the findings.

This research examines the effect of a nutrition education intervention to change attitudes and other factors associated with eating breakfast and consuming low-fat dairy and whole-grains. Adolescents (n = 106) 11 to 15 years old were recruited from afterschool programs in Los Angeles County, California. Participants in the treatment group (n = 57) met once weekly for 60 minutes during seven weeks. The curriculum focused on changing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward eating breakfast along with including low-fat dairy and whole grains. The first three lessons focused on basic nutrition concepts. The later lessons focused on identifying barriers and overcoming barriers, goal-setting, and identifying methods to stay motivated. Questionnaires were administered at baseline and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical analysis program (v. 9.2). Eighty-eight percent of participants were Hispanic, 55% were girls, and mean age was 12 years. One-hundred six adolescents completed the questionnaire at baseline and 75 completed it at post-intervention. Cronbach alpha statistic for subjective norms and attitudes toward eating breakfast, consuming low-fat dairy and whole-grains were 0.67 and higher for each dependant variable. Intention was significantly predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; however, as these models do not differentiate change, additional models were run with interactions between group (treatment versus control) and the change variables. Significant changes in perceived behavioral control were observed among participants in the treatment group regarding drinking skim milk, 1% milk, and 2% milk respectively (p < .05; p < .001; p < .001) and attitude (p < .05). No change was observed in breakfast eating or consumption of wholegrains

Human papillomavirus (HPV) affects at least half of all sexually active people, especially those aged 20-24 years. Gynecological exams are instrumental in cervical cancer prevention due to the early detection of abnormal cervical cells often caused by HPV. Despite the many benefits of gynecological exams, they continue to be underused. Women are often unaware of exam guidelines, procedures, and costs. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to predict and explain exam behaviors. A woman’s decision to seek gynecological care may be influenced by numerous factors, including: genital self-image, body image and sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine if the TPB explains and predicts exam behaviors, 2) assess if genital self-image, body image and sexual behaviors predict exam behaviors, and 3) evaluate the reliability and validity of data collected on the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) among a sample of female college students. The study included a convenience sample of 450 women enrolled in health-related courses at a large Southern university in the US. SEM analyses revealed gynecological exam intention was a successful predictor of exam behaviors: Χ2 (81, N = 450) = 258.49, p <> <> <> .001, RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.96 and NFI = 0.95. The addition of genital self-image to the TPB model yielded similar fit indices; however, the TPB alone appears to be more predictive of exam behaviors. Predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) was used to indicate the predictor, or group of predictors, best suited to predict gynecological exam behavior. PDA results indicate the number of vaginal intercourse partners during the past 3-months was most predictive (hit rate = 68.2%). A CFA yielded a two-factor FGSIS model: Χ2 (12, N = 450) = 49.77, p <> .001, RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.98 and NFI = 0.97. Reliability assessments indicated very good internal consistency for the entire scale (α = 0.89), for factor one (α = 0.86) and factor two (α = 0.82). Results have implications for the development of sexual health and women’s health programs targeting factors influencing gynecological exam behaviors. Specifically, scores on the FGSIS can establish relationships between genital self-image and exam behaviors of college women.

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The intension model of purchasing houses for Kaohsiung female consumers

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In the analysis of travelers¡¦ decision-making behavior, Discrete Choice model in Revealed Preference data or Stated Preference data, such as logit model and probit model, is generally used in the exploration of travelers¡¦ mode choice behavior. Some former research adapted Structural Equation Model (SEM) or Fuzzy Theory in exploring the variables of travelers¡¦ psychological decision process, because the variables which were not easily measured directly and tend to be latent variables.This study combines Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and EMB Model in consumer behavior science, to investigate the relationship and degree of interaction between psychological variables and actual mode choice behavior. The comuter represent high percentage of inter-city transportation, therefore, this empirical study has focused on the commuters in Taipei metropolitan area. Commuter¡¦s feedback on MRT preference was collected through the face-to-face interview. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS10.0 for chi-square test, the regression analysis and multi-variables analysis. Through the study of their attitude, the degree of involvement, group affection and intention towards various modes, the psychological decision process for commuter was analyzed and concluded. The results of the research concluded that: private transportation users have higher degree of involvement to MRT than the public ones. It is observed that the variables of age, occupation, possession of veheche, the distance from commutes' place to MRT station, among all variables, have significant reciprocity with the degree of involvement for MRT.In the aspects the commuters' attitude of using the MRT¡¦s, both private and public transportation users showed positive opinions. Among all variables, the group influence had the least significance to the action intention, while the involvement and attitude showed high significance to the MRT¡¦s action intention.The public transportation users show higher difference between actual mode use behavior and intention, as compared to the private one. Therefore, the traffic authorities and businessman need to increase the quality of the service of MRT and convience of transfer between transportation modes, if they want to raise the percentage of commuters to using MRT.

As the continuous waves of new technology, there has been an explosion of electronic access to government information. It has undeniably not only led to a dramatic change in the way people communicate, but also increased the ability of institutions, businesses and individuals to channel information. Among various formats of electronic access, the World Wide Web (WWW) is the most powerful way to disseminate information. Governments are well placed to take advantage of the Internet's ability to disseminate electronic documents quickly, cheaply and efficiently. Moreover, as new communication technologies make it possible to establish a closer relationship between citizens and their governments, it is increasingly likely that the Internet's role in the political process will evolve beyond the mere dissemination of information. The intention of this study is to compare the Technology Acceptance Model to a traditional version and a decomposed version of the Theory of Planned Behavior in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the government web sites usage. Data from a field study of 207 students are used to test these models using structural equation modeling. The results are concluded as follows: The coefficient of determination R2BI of the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior is about 0.4, in other words, approximately 40% of the variation in behavioral intention is explained by linear regression of behavioral intention on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. In the view of behavioral intention, the explanatory power of the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior is equivalent to the Technology Acceptance Model, and is moderately better than the Theory of Planned Behavior. There are several managerial implication. First, the designers of the government web sites should pay more attention to understand the information need of users, not just put effort on technical level. Second, Ease of use with readable format is the best discipline of the government web sites design. Third,. The designers may have to enrich the content of the government web sites so as to enhance intention of users.

This study first proposes a conceptual structure from Ajzen's planned behavior theory; next conducts paper review, then does practice study of waste disposal treatment; finally uses three dimensional factors and six sub-dimensional factors to examine their relationship and interaction with tendency attitude of environmental behavior. The three dimensional factors are tendency attitude, subjective norms and behavioral control perception of environmental behavior, and six sub-dimensional factors are moral perception development, environmental ethic concept, internal and exterior stakeholders' influences, self-efficacy, and instrumental ethical climate. This study conducts the empirical research by questionnaire survey and statistic analysis. The results are as follows: 1. There is significant correlation between moral perception development and business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 2. There is no significant correlation between environmental ethic concept and business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 3. There is significant correlation between internal stakeholders' influences and business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 4. There is significant correlation between exterior stakeholders' influences and business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 5. There is significant correlation between self-efficacy and business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 6. There is significant correlation between instrumental ethical climate and business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 7. There is no significant difference on demographic variables for business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 8. There is significant difference on some demographic variables for each dimension that influences business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics. 9. There is significant difference on some dimensions that influence business managers' decision intention on environmental ethics for different business manager groups of environmental ethic decision intention.