IFRS allows firms to choose between fair-value accounting and historical cost accounting with impairment testing for property, plant and equipment (PPE). This study examines the effect of firms' accounting choices for this group of non-financial assets on over-investment after IFRS mandatory adoption in the European Union (EU). My results indicate that over-investment in PPE (or capital expenditures) is lower following IFRS adoption among EU firms that used historical cost accounting with impairment testing in the post-IFRS period, consistent with EU firms having more timely loss recognition for PPE under IFRS strict impairment rules. In my analysis of United Kingdom (UK) firms, I find that most UK firms elected to use historical cost accounting with impairment testing for PPE after IFRS mandatory adoption. I also find that UK firms that previously used fair-value accounting under UK GAAP and then switched to historical cost accounting with impairment testing under IFRS exhibit greater reductions in over-investment relative to other EU firms that used historical cost accounting with impairment testing prior to IFRS adoption. Additional analysis suggests that the reductions in over-investment after IFRS mandatory adoption are greater as the severity of agency conflicts increases, consistent with outside shareholders demanding timely loss recognition as a means of addressing agency conflicts with managers.

<p>The valuation of an asset is one of the most important thing with accounting, though one of the most difficult thing as well. However, in deciding useful service life for an intangible asset and property, plant and equipment, there are quite a margin for the companies, which creates a difference between companies and industries. When computing the value of the inventories there are a few possibilities available for the companies, which also can generate differences</p><p>between companies and industries. Although these differences can occur, there might be some similarities in the companies’ estimates. Hence, the purpose of this essay is to establish whether there are any differences in how companies are assessing their useful service life of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and deciding the value of inventories. To be able to accomplish the purpose, company’s annual reports were used along with other necessary sources, for instance books about accounting principles and theories. The study, furthermore, concluded that there are small differences between companies within the same industry and industries altogether, in their judgment on useful service life and the value of the inventories.</p>

The valuation of an asset is one of the most important thing with accounting, though one of the most difficult thing as well. However, in deciding useful service life for an intangible asset and property, plant and equipment, there are quite a margin for the companies, which creates a difference between companies and industries. When computing the value of the inventories there are a few possibilities available for the companies, which also can generate differences between companies and industries. Although these differences can occur, there might be some similarities in the companies’ estimates. Hence, the purpose of this essay is to establish whether there are any differences in how companies are assessing their useful service life of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and deciding the value of inventories. To be able to accomplish the purpose, company’s annual reports were used along with other necessary sources, for instance books about accounting principles and theories. The study, furthermore, concluded that there are small differences between companies within the same industry and industries altogether, in their judgment on useful service life and the value of the inventories.

This work deals with accounting treatment of tangible and intangible assets in International financial reporting standards (IFRS). It illustrates main problems and various methods when accounting for assets. Where deemed appropriate it indicates the accounting treatment of US GAAP. First chapter is concerned with general description of accounting harmonization and the Framework of IFRS. Second chapter deals with IAS 16 -- Property, plant and equipment. Third chapter identifies main differences between IAS 16 and IAS 38 -- Intangible assets focusing on issues related to the special nature of intangible assets. Fourth chapter works with annual reports and comes out with a statistic of IFRS methods and procedures adherence.

This study investigates an appropriate accrual-based model in detecting earnings management (EM) of Chinese firms undergoing initial public offering (IPO) process. The mainstream literatures show that state-owned enterprise (SOE) has involved with less earnings management (EM) than non-state-owned enterprise (NSOE) in pre-IPO market from 2003 to 2009. The reason is that SOE could borrow money from bank, compared to NSOE. However, SOE has been proven to conduct stronger EMs in pre-IPO market during 2011 to 2013 by manipulating with property plant and equipment (PPE), the flows of account receivable (AR) and long-term debt (LTD). Besides, I also suggest a new accrual-based model that could better fit into the unique features of Chinese firms in their process of IPO application.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-24T14:28:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Ferreira Mardini_.pdf: 679225 bytes, checksum: 9b73833a0529d2235e32c1995bf6fe5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T14:28:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Ferreira Mardini_.pdf: 679225 bytes, checksum: 9b73833a0529d2235e32c1995bf6fe5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-29 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os determinantes da perda de recuperabilidade de ativos, nas empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, no período de 2010 a 2014. Sua importância se dá a partir da Lei n° 11.638/09 que torna obrigatório, a partir de 2010, o teste de redução ao valor recuperável de ativos, no mínimo, anualmente. Para tanto, foi utilizada a abordagem quantitativa, com a finalidade de demonstrar a relação estatística entre o impairment reconhecido pela empresa e o valor de mercado, o ativo, o patrimônio líquido, o investimento, o imobilizado e o resultado do exercício e para testar a hipótese nula de que não existe essa relação utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. A população foi composta por 346 empresas brasileiras, abertas, ativas, e que negociam ações na BM&FBOVESPA. Para a amostra final, considerou-se 28 empresas que tiveram mensuração do impairment nesses grupos daquele período. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que: (i) o setor de Petróleo e Gás obteve a maior perda, seguido de Energia Elétrica e Têxtil. Em relação aos outros resultados obtidos levou-se em consideração a variável dependente e sua relação com às variáveis independentes onde foi possível observar no que se refere ao impairment registrado que o aumento de uma unidade nesse coeficiente foi acarretado por (ii) uma diminuição no coeficiente do valor de mercado; (iii) uma diminuição no coeficiente do ativo; (iv) um aumento no coeficiente do patrimônio líquido; (v) uma diminuição no coeficiente do investimento; (vi) uma diminuição no coeficiente do ativo total;(vii) uma diminuição no coeficiente da dívida; (viii) uma diminuição no coeficiente do EBITDA; (iv) um aumento no coeficiente do setor. / The present study aimed to investigate the determinants of asset impairment loss, the Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, in the period from 2010 to 2014. Its importance is given from the law No. 11,638/09 that makes it compulsory, from 2010, the decrease in recoverable value of assets at least annually. To this end, quantitative approach was used, with the purpose of demonstrating the statistical relationship between the impairment recognized by the company and the market value, the active, the equity, the investment, fixed assets and the profit or loss for the financial year and to test the null hypothesis that there is no such relation using Mann-Whitney's test. The population was composed of 346 companies, open, active, and who trade shares on BM&FBOVESPA. For the final sample, 28 companies that had the impairment in these groups of that period. The analysis of the results showed that: (i) the oil and gas sector got the biggest loss, followed by power and textile. In relation to other results took into account the dependent variable and your relationship with independent variables where it was possible to observe with regard to impairment recorded that the increase of one unit in this coefficient was led by (ii) a decrease in the coefficient of market value; (iii) a decrease in the coefficient of active; (iv) an increase in the coefficient of net equity; (v) a decrease in the coefficient of investment; (vi) a decrease in the coefficient of total assets; (vii) a decrease in the coefficient of debt; (viii) a decrease in the coefficient of EBITDA; (iv) an increase in the coefficient.

This diploma thesis is about long-lived assets. The primary objective is to create the comprehensive view regarding specifics of initial measurement of production, plant and equipment and measurement of subsequent costs in accordance with IFRS in comparison of U. S. GAAP and czech accounting legislation. Specifics of measurement are based on kinds of acquisition. The diploma thesis is divided into three main sections. Features of long-lived asset according to IFRS, U. S. GAAP and czech accounting legislation are in the first section. The second section contains initial measurements of production, plant and equipment depended on types of acquisition primary in accordance with IFRS in comparison of U. S. GAAP and czech accounting legislation, one by one. The third section comprises measurement of subsequent costs.

El presente Trabajo de tesis fue elaborado con la finalidad de determinar el impacto financiero de la medición posterior de Propiedad, Planta y Equipo en el sector de bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo en Perú, 2017. Por consiguiente, la investigación se cimentará en aplicar la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 16 (en adelante, NIC 16) “Propiedad, Planta y Equipo” y la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 36 (en adelante, NIC 36) “Deterioro del valor de los activos”. Esta investigación se basará en las empresas del sector de bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo, categoría denominada “Soft Drinks”. Este mercado está compuesto por bebidas carbonatadas, agua embotellada, néctares, jugos, bebidas energizantes, entre otras. El rubro más importante del total de activos en los EEFF de las compañías del sector es Propiedad, Planta y Equipo (PPE). Representa aproximadamente el 55% del total de activos. Por lo que, se considera tan importante analizar la medición posterior de PPE para que se tenga la mejor representación fiel de sus Estados Financieros. En el marco teórico se analizan los conceptos de ambas NICs y se desarrolla cómo está compuesto el sector en estudio y sus tendencias a futuro. Luego, en el plan de investigación se define el problema, hipótesis y objetivos. Después, se desarrolla la metodología donde se utilizarán instrumentos cualitativos, tales como entrevistas a profundidad e instrumentos cuantitativos, tales como encuestas. Ambos instrumentos se realizaron a expertos en el sector de bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo y a socios de las más importantes empresas auditoras del país (PWC Perú y EY Perú). Asimismo, se desarrolla un caso práctico donde se cuantificará aplicar un nuevo modelo de medición posterior, el deterioro de activos y el impacto en los ratios financieros. Finalmente, en el capítulo de desarrollo se muestran los resultados de los instrumentos y en el capítulo de análisis se evalúan los efectos obtenidos con las hipótesis planteadas. Se concluye que la medición posterior de Propiedad, Planta y Equipo impacta en la situación financiera y económica de las empresas del sector bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo en el Perú, 2017. / The present Thesis work was developed with the purpose of determine the financial impact of the subsequent measurement of property, plant and equipment in the non-alcoholic beverage sector of mass consumption in Peru, 2017. Therefore, the research will be based on the International Accounting Standard 16 (hereinafter, IAS 16) "Property, Plant and Equipment" and the International Accounting Standard 36 (hereinafter, IAS 36) "Impairment of assets”. This research is based on companies in the non-alcoholic beverage of mass consumption industry, category called “Soft Drinks”. This market is composed by carbonated drinks, bottled water, nectars, juices, energy drinks and others. The most important item of total assets in this sector is "Property, Plant and Equipment". It represents approximately 55% of total assets. Therefore, it is considered so important to analyze the subsequent measurement of PPE to have the best faithful representation of the Financial Statements. In the theoretical framework, the concepts of both NICs are analyzed and the composition of sector under study and its future trends. Then, in the research plan, the problem, hypothesis and objectives are defined. After that, the methodology is developed where qualitative instruments will be used, like depth interviews and quantitative instruments, such as surveys. Both instruments were made to experts in the non-alcoholic beverages sector and to partners of the most important audit companies of this country (PWC Peru and EY Peru). In addition, a case study will be developed to quantify the application of a new model of subsequent measurement, the impairment of assets and the impact on financial ratios. Finally, in the development chapter, the results of the instruments are shown and in the chapter of analysis the effects obtained with the hypotheses proposed are evaluated. It is concluded that the subsequent measurement of Property, Plant and Equipment impacts on the financial and economic situation of companies in the sector of non- alcoholics mass consumption in Peru, 2017. / Tesis

This work is focused od Tangible Current Assests according to the IFRS with the emphasis on IAS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment. It involves recognition, measurement, depreciation and also disclosure of this Assests. All the parts are described at great lenght and explained by practical examples. IAS 40 - Investment Property and IFRS 5 - Non-Current Assests Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are also mentioned. The end of the work is devoted to research of 15 companies with the aim to find out, how the theory determined by Standards is functioned in practice.

This work is focusing on accounting for tangible assets under IFRS and US GAAP. First chapter concentrates on the definition of an asset and on the measurement at recognition of tangible assets. Second chapter deals with the measurement after recognition of tangible assets. Third chapter is concerned with other problems connected with tangible assets, such as leases, depletion of an asset or disclosure. The last chapter contains a practical study which analyses the application of theoretical principles in practise.