A protein transition from more animal-based to more plant-based proteins in human diets isessential for the health of the planet and its human population. This thesis focusses onentrepreneurship, one of the many angles of this transition. Through a discourse analysis differentmeanings are revealed displayed on the packaging of Swedish plant-based brands. This is doneon the backdrop of transition theory and specifically the multi-level perspective on transitions. TheSwedish context is described through the lens of this perspective using the three levels: niche,regima and landscape, and the processes societal embedding in four environments: user,business, policy and cultural environment. A discourse analysis of packaging reveals threegeneral discourses around plant-based foods, namely that plant-based foods are environmentallyfriendly, they are part of the everyday and for everyone and plant-based alternative are local and Swedish. Further analysis on how different brands view their role as entrepreneurs showed theysee themselves as innovators, facilitators and change-makers through the language used on theirpackaging.

Despite an increasing number of healthy lifestyles throughout the country, Americans, including Native Hawaiians, keep gaining weight. Unlike several American lifestyles that have resulted in weight gain within the American population, the vegetarian lifestyle is a scientifically proven method for decreasing body weight and maintaining the weight loss for more than 1 year. This study aimed to compare the lifestyle patterns of 4 vegetarian lifestyles and 1 nonvegetarian lifestyle among Native Hawaiians aged 21 and older using their body mass index (BMI). This quantitative study utilized a correlational design, which is particularly suitable for examining the relationship of BMI to eating lifestyle and such variables as physical activity. A survey with 18 questions was administered to participants (n = 300) who have chosen a specific lifestyle and have been following this lifestyle for 1 year or more. The main research question investigated the difference in the body weight of Native Hawaiians aged 21 and older who followed and maintained a vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, semivegetarian, or nonvegetarian diet. Participants' BMI was affected by the factors of age, self-efficacy, disease status (high blood pressure, no health risks), and eating habits (Vegetarian Lifestyle Scale). While the Vegetarian Lifestyle Scale was a significant predictor of BMI, there was no significant difference in the effect of the 2 lifestyle classifications of nonvegetarian and vegetarian on BMI, after controlling for other relevant factors. This study aimed to effect social change in the Native Hawaiian community by demonstrating the health benefits of a plant-based diet and better informing public health officials to guide their development of more effective nutrition and weight loss programs for Native Hawaiians.

Type 2 diabetes has more than doubled in the past decade among Black Americans. Researchers have suggested that Black Seventh-day Adventists, who follow a plant-based diet, are concerned about preventing the complications from this disease. The purpose of this qualitative ethnographic study was to explore the chance and perceptions of complications from type 2 diabetes among 10 purposefully sampled Black Seventh-day Adventists. The health belief model (HBM) served as the conceptual framework. Two constructs, education and income, were chosen for this study. Education was chosen to increase understanding about the chronic nature of the disease, and income was chosen because it is not inexpensive to maintain a plant-based diet as someone with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews which were inductively coded and then categorized around emerging themes. The key finding of this study revealed that these 10 participants relied on the Adventist lifestyle as an antidote to the complications of type 2 diabetes. The implications for positive social change include increased awareness and education of complications, and decreased risk for chances of complications among informants in this study.

Dans le contexte du développement spectaculaire de l’aquaculture, les farines et huiles de poissons, qui étaient les composantes principales des aliments aquacoles, ont progressivement été remplacées par des mélanges de produits végétaux. Cependant, le remplacement total n’est pas encore possible sans dégrader les performances des poissons (croissance et survie). Pour continuer son développement durable, l’aquaculture doit davantage s'affranchir de ces matières premières. Une voie de progrès possible est l'utilisation de la variabilité génétique existante dans les populations de truites pour la capacité à survivre et grandir avec des aliments à base de végétaux (Aliments V). Cependant très peu d'études se sont intéressées aux mécanismes mis en place par certains génotypes pour utiliser plus efficacement ces aliments. L'objectif de la thèse était d'étudier les caractéristiques à l'origine d'une meilleure utilisation des aliments V chez différents génotypes de truite arc-en-ciel (trois lignées isogéniques et lignée sélectionnée). L'originalité de ce travail repose sur l'étude de la réponse de différentes lignées à un aliment 100 % V, en combinant des approches de physiologie nutritionnelle et de biologie moléculaire sans a priori ou ciblées. Ainsi les transcriptomes de trois lignées isogéniques, ayant des performances contrastées lorsqu'elles sont nourries avec des aliments V, ont été comparés à court et long terme. Puis des caractères liés à la nutrition, ainsi que l'expression de certains gènes, identifiés grâce à l'étude transcriptomique, ont été étudiés chez une lignée sélectionnée pour sa capacité à survivre et grandir avec un aliment V. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de conclure que l'acceptation de l'aliment V joue un rôle clef, notamment lors des stades précoces. Les résultats obtenus mettent également en avant le rôle prépondérant de la composante immunitaire qui est impactée différemment en fonction des génotypes. Finalement, après 6 mois d'alimentation, alors que le métabolisme des lipides participe à expliquer les différences d’utilisation de l’aliment V chez les lignées isogéniques, il ne parait pas déterminant chez la lignée sélectionnée. Globalement, nos résultats suggèrent l'existence d'une grande diversité de mécanismes dans les populations de truites leur permettant de survivre et grandir avec un aliment à base de végétaux dépourvu de farine et huiles de poisson. / In the context of the exponential development of aquaculture, fish meal and oils, previously the main components of aquaculture feed, have been increasingly replaced by a blend of plant products. However, total replacement is not yet possible without impairing fish performance (survival and growth). To continue its sustainable development, aquaculture must further decrease its reliance on both fish oil and fish meal. In addition to the changes in diet composition, a possible way forward is the use of the genetic variability for the ability to survive and grow with plant-based diets (V diets) existing in trout populations. However, very few studies have investigated the mechanisms implemented by some genotypes to use these diets more efficiently. The objective of this thesis was to study the characteristics that led to a better utilisation of V diet in different rainbow trout genotypes. The originality of this PhD work relies on the genetic rainbow trout lines whose responses to a 100% V diet were studied by combining nutritional physiology and molecular biology with or without a priori approaches. Thus, the transcriptomes of three isogenic lines, which have contrasting performances when fed V diets, were compared at short and long term. Then nutrition-related traits, as well as the expression of some genes identified through the transcriptomics analysis, were studied in a line selected for its ability to survive and grow with a V diet. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the acceptance of V diets plays a key role, particularly in the early stages. The results also highlight the essential role of the immune system, which is impacted differently according to genotypes. Finally, after 6 months of feeding, while lipid metabolism seems to play a role in the differences between genotypes for their ability to efficiently utilize the V diet, this pathway does not appear to play a determinant role in the selected line. Overall, our results suggest that there are a wide variety of mechanisms allowing trout to survive and grow with a total plant-based diet, devoid of both fish meal and oils.

Background: The current unsustainable situation of the seafood industry requires innovative solutions and there is an opportunity for companies to provide consumers with plant-based options which would enable them to eat seafood without harming the oceans. However, there are still several barriers keeping consumers from choosing plant-based products, such as limited knowledge, social norms, and cultural settings. Previous studies regarding how a cultural context and storytelling might be used to influence people towards more plant-based eating, especially relating to plant-based seafood are limited. Therefore, it is interesting to examine how companies offering plant-based foods can use culture and certain narratives held by consumers in their branding to integrate them into the Swedish culture and influence consumers towards a more sustainable consumption.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what narratives influence consumers, and how companies offering plant-based food can use these narratives to drive a change towards more sustainable consumption among people in Sweden.   Method: Using a semi-structured approach, two focus groups were conducted and two different companies offering plant-based food were interviewed. Furthermore, this qualitative research uses an inductive approach, and the gathered data was later analyzed under a thematic analysis which was the foundation for the conceptual framework.   Conclusion: The myths and narrative towards plant-based substitutes are a noteworthy barrier to adoption, and cultural branding seems to be a favorable strategy for brands offering plant-based food. The findings suggest that culture and childhood experiences have a substantial influence on consumer demand for different types of foods, and that a change in dietary patterns requires a change in the surrounding cultural norms. Brands offering plant-based products need to understand the cultural norms of their target customers and leverage cultural contradictions to offer products that align with personal values.

Sustainable communication is intensively being done through social media platforms such as YouTube to create awareness among people. It is imperative to encourage people to adopt sustainable eating to have better health and a better environment—this research study aimed at analyzing the persuasive discourse in videos related to sustainable eating on YouTube. For this, the research has applied rhetorical analysis to three YouTube videos, focusing on the basic persuasive strategies: ethos, pathos, and logos. The analysis discussed how the speakers in these videos encourage their viewers to adopt sustainable eating. Through comparing these videos, the findings suggested what made the videos more persuasive and what weakened their ability to appeal to the audience. The results of the study contribute to the sustainable communicators who are willing to persuade their viewers to adopt sustainable eating.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13567号 / 論農博第2913号 / 新制||農||1101(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 小川, 順, 教授 阪井, 康能, 教授 栗原, 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Cancer, an aggressive chronic disease, impacts the lives of millions of people every day. There are numerous proposed triggers related to the diagnosis and much remains to be learned about the causes. Associated with this disease's variability is the challenge to identify a single causative agent that lead to its prevention. Specific topics that need additional evidence relate to environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors in the development, treatment and, in some instances, even suppression of disease progression. Specifically, a diet that excludes animal-based products but consists of a variety of fruits and vegetables (i.e., plant-based vegan diet) is reported to retard disease progression among some individuals diagnosed with cancer. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the effects of a plant-based vegan diet as a treatment approach with individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer. The methodology included a systematic review of literature focusing on use of a plant-based vegan diet on cancer risks in research articles published in peer reviewed journals from 2006 to 2018. Consistent findings include evidence that a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and minimal amounts of animal products showed a decrease risk of the development of various types of cancer. Recommendations for nursing education, practice, policy and research are discussed.

Cardiac disease is the primary cause of death in the United States of America (CDC, 2017). Despite ongoing efforts and investments to improve cardiac health in the United States, most of the population will suffer from cardiovascular diseases. There is a multitude of research supporting that diet can contribute to cardiac disease, but it is less known that diet can greatly contribute to regulation and reversal of cardiovascular disease processes (Huang et al., 2012; Satija et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2019). Existing research supports the efficacy of plant-based diets to manage and reverse certain cardiac diseases (Tuso et al., 2015; Esselstyn, 1999; Ornish 1998; Campbell et al., 1998). Plant-based diets have the potential to save many lives and drastically reduce healthcare costs. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate current research on plant-based diets as interventions for cardiac disease and to identify the reasoning for underutilization of plant-based diets as intervention with cardiac health within the United States population. A database search of CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, BIOSIS, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and PubMED was conducted and university librarians were utilized. Inclusive criteria and keyword searches were comprised of coronary artery disease and plant-based diets, cardiac disease and diet interventions, intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease, plant-based diets and cardiac disease and inflammation, and plant-based diets reducing cardiac inflammation.

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