Play is an important part of children´s everyday life, it is through play children develop. Play occurs a lot in kindergarten and in this study, the aim is to examine how play activities play is used in preschool teaching and the role of the teacher´s in the play. Video recordings of play activities done and qualitative methods (conversation analysis) has been used to analyze the video recordings. The results of this study show that play are widely used as a pedagogical tool in preschool. It is through play children develop. When teachers are present in children's play, they contribute to the activity and encourage children to play. The teachers know that they have responsibility for children's development and ensure that children get the help they need. Role play is central to play in both free play and in the teacher-driven games.

In Cyprus elementary classrooms, as in many classrooms around the world, there is an increasing number of children learning with attention difficulties and sensory difficulties. International researchers have focused on creating and promoting sensory programs, play-based activities, and teaching approaches to assist students with these difficulties to participate during classroom time (Hildreth, 2013; Mere-Cook, 2016; Mills & Chapparo, 2017). However, in Cyprus there is still an important gap for both recognizing students’ difficulties and promoting new teaching approaches in elementary schools. This situation is leading to teachers’ inefficiency in understanding children’s behaviors and needs and acting to minimize students’ challenges in the classroom. This doctoral project was undertaken to develop an evidence-based and theoretically- grounded teachers’ training program to address both recognition of student problems and implementation of approaches to support students (Foran et al., 2017; Hildreth, 2013; Mere-Cook, 2016; Mills & Chapparo, 2017). It is an innovative program, designed from an occupational therapist’s perspective, to educate elementary teachers about sensory and attention difficulties and ways to minimize challenges of children in the classroom. This teacher training is comprised of three phases. During the first phase, teachers will be invited to a two-day training. The training will focus on the presentation of case studies of students with attention and sensory challenges, practice training and open discussion. Teachers will be provided with information for recognizing students’ attention and sensory challenges in the classroom and suggestions for activities and strategies to use in the classroom to address these challenges. Then through case studies of children with sensory and attention difficulties and open discussion, training participants will use and analyze the manual content. In the second phase, teachers will receive the manual and implement the program for their classroom. Consultation is the last phase of the training program where teachers will have the opportunity to reflect on their practice experiences after the implementation of the program, and also the concerns and thoughts on the activities and strategies implementation. The implementation of this innovative program will help teachers and students, and promote the profession of occupational therapy in Cyprus and the country’s school system.

The purpose of this study was to describe the behaviors of the children and the parents, as well as the perceptions of the parents in pediatric office waiting room environments. / Master of Science

The problem of this study was a descriptive analysis of the process of client-centered play therapy. The purposes of this study were (l) to investigate and describe the patterns of play activities, nonverbal expressions, and verbal comments during the process of client-centered play therapy; (2) to determine whether phases of emotional and/or social development do exist during the process of client-centered play therapy; and, (3) to describe any identified phases of emotional and/or social development that exist during the process of client-centered play therapy.

Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-08-08T16:12:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO JOSÉ ARAÚJO LIMA.pdf: 2092877 bytes, checksum: 8c1569f24bbbed888a7219971047055e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T16:12:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO JOSÉ ARAÚJO LIMA.pdf: 2092877 bytes, checksum: 8c1569f24bbbed888a7219971047055e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / Child hospitalization is a difficult process for the child's development in a hostile and indifferent environment with resistance to adapt to the new reality. The playful care helps to make the stay in the hospital easier, favors the child's development and healing. The feeling of finitude of life afflicts the child, the family those who accompany him in the hospital, during hospitalization. The imminent fear of death, the homesickness of the home makes difficult the relationship with: nurses, doctors, psychologists, physiotherapists, among others. In the context, we investigated the perceptions of professionals of the multidisciplinary health team in relation to the development of play activities in 2 pediatric public hospitals of São Luís/MA. An exploratory, descriptive research was developed. The participants were 8 professionals belonging to the health area, among them, 2 are doctors, 2 nurses, 2 psychologists and 2 occupational therapists, 6 of which are female and 2 are male, with an average of 6 years of professional experience in hospitals. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that play activities developed with children are relevant in the processes of socialization and integration of the child to the reality of hospitalization. The professionals of the multidisciplinary health team emphasize that the play activities developed in pediatric hospitals contribute to the recovery process of the child's health, adding to the treatment of the pathology. / O atendimento lúdico contribui para tornar a permanência no hospital, mais fácil, favorece o desenvolvimento da criança e cura. O sentimento de finitude da vida aflige a criança, a família os que a acompanham no hospital, durante a internação. O medo iminente de morte, a saudade do lar dificulta o relacionamento com: enfermeiros, médicos, psicólogos, fisioterapeutas, entre outros. No contexto, investigaram-se as percepções de profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde em relação ao desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas em 2 hospitais públicos pediátricos de São Luís/MA. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva. Os participantes foram 8 profissionais pertencentes à área da saúde, dentre esses, 2 são médicos, 2 enfermeiros, 2 psicólogos e 2 terapeutas ocupacionais, sendo 6 pertencentes ao sexo feminino e 2 ao sexo masculino, possuindo em média 6 anos de experiências profissionais em hospitais pediátricos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados sinalizam que as atividades lúdicas desenvolvidas com crianças são relevantes nos processos de socialização e integração da criança à realidade da internação. Os profissionais da equipe muldisciplinar de saúde, enfatizam que as atividades lúdicas desenvolvidas nos hospitais pediátricos contribuem no processo de recuperação da saúde da criança, somando no tratamento da patologia.

Detta examensarbete har sitt fokus på förskolebarnens lek och dess olika former med handdockan. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur barnen intregerar med handdockan och hur de använder dem som medierande redskap. Undersökningen var utförd som en observationsstudie av barnen på en förskola i åldern 3-5 år. De resultat som framkommit pekar på att en handdockas närvaro i barnens lek kan te sig på skilda sätt. Barns möte med handdockan kan både inspirerea, utmana och försvåra leken. De lekformer som synliggjorts i denna studie visade att imitation och transformation stod i centrum. En annan upptäckt som gjordes under studien var pojkars och flickors skilda sätt att leka med handdockorna. Handdockan kan fungera som ett redskap som kan återspegla tidigare händelser och i och med detta försökte barnen få en förståelse för det som de upplevt. En handdocka kan ge barnen vissa budskap som berikar deras lekar, deras utveckling och det livslånga lärandet. För dessa barn kunde handdockan tillsammans med barnens egna erfarenheter fungera som ett medierande redskap och guida dem till en förståelse av sin omvärld. Denna studie representerar även de barn som hade vissa svårigheter att ta till sig handdockor i leken. Kanske kunde detta bero på att handdockorna inte gav dem några associationer, vare sig i den faktiska eller fiktiva omvärlden.

The study was designed to determine the effect a dramatic play activity had on the content of a story retelling of kindergarten students. Approximately 35 students were randomly sampled to form experimental and control groups. Both groups engaged in a read aloud activity, followed by brief discussion, and an independent illustration of the story. The experimental group participated in a creative reenactment of the story prior to the illustration activity. Students in both groups then retold the story to the researcher. Retellings were transcribed and scored for: Story Retelling Analysis score (Morrow, 1988); percentage of characters recalled; percentage of plot episodes recalled; and the presence of story language, inferential statements, and a distinct beginning, middle, and end. Anecdotal data are described narratively.

Abstract Research shows that children through free outdoor play develop many important abilities. Within occupational therapeutic theories, the physical and social environment can influence outdoor play. The purpose of the study was to describe parents' experiences of outdoor play activities during leisure time for children aged 6-10 years. The study adopted a qualitative method and used semi-structured interviews to answer the aim of the study. A convenience sample was used when selecting the parents. A total of 12 parents were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis that resulted in three categories; “Less outdoor play now than before”, “Opportunities and obstacles for outdoor play” and “The importance of outdoor play”. The result showed that parents' experience was that their children played less outdoors then what themselves did when they were children and the parents believed that it was the technology of today as it depended on it. It also turned out that parents thought outdoor play was very important for their children, but that parents saw many risks surrounding outdoor play. The conclusion of the study was that children's outdoor play not only are affected by the physical and social environment but also by their parents' attitudes.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-28T19:44:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:56:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:57:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:57:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKJSC.pdf: 2231341 bytes, checksum: 2631de240a3294a2befb13fb186e77fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Não recebi financiamento / The proposed investigative work within the PPGQ - Professional Master - Chemistry Teaching UFSCar, proposes to use as a teaching methodology using the teaching kit as a motivating tool for learning of high school students. The objective of this work is to verify the student's motivation for learning using the teaching kit as a tool and reinforcement to learn basic fundamentals of chemistry, and the relevance that link to this stimulus, and how they evaluate this feature as a methodology for teaching learning. We as a theoretical framework that justifies and directs the research, the theory of David Paul Ausubel on Meaningful Learning, and Vygotsky's theory on the socio-interactional. We propose to carry out the studies and research comparing students' motivation for teaching and learning in classes that only use the methodology exhibition to teach and motivate students to learn, and the so-called methodology of ludo-educational, with the use of an educational kit chemistry developed with the purpose of teaching the basic concepts of chemistry, such as conductivity test, measures pH, precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, redox reactions, chemical complexation reactions and chemical reactions in general. They participated in the experiment 20 students of the 3rd year of high school at the State School "Alvaro Guião", located in São Carlos - SP. We discuss the use of the teaching kit or play experimental activity in the classroom, as a support tool and complement the theoretical and lectures, and motivate students to learn chemistry in a process involving the student and the teacher and student with another student. Completing and learning the concepts, and motivating the student to explain how they understand life, the concepts and express what they feel, and possible limitations that may have. While using the educational kit, the experimental activities, was given will give continuous monitoring, and explanations on using the kit. And at the end, it applied a questionnaire approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos - Ufscar, assessing the student's motivation for teaching and learning, its limitations, conclusions and motivations concerning the use of the teaching kit and experimental activities, compared to lecture. Believing that the student, and the teacher, to understand the proposed work, eventually achieving their teaching-learning objectives of a motivated way. Those involved in research expanded the competence for the initiative, autonomy, creative capacity, teamwork, increase the interest and motivation for chemical content, expanding the understanding and learning different and attractive way to understand the use of this methodology as aggregating form and Additional lectures in chemistry. / A proposta de trabalho investigativo dentro do PPGQ – Mestrado Profissional – Ensino de Química da UFSCar, propõe utilizar como metodologia de ensino o uso do kit didático como ferramenta motivadora ao aprendizado dos alunos do ensino médio. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a motivação do aluno para o aprendizado com a utilização do kit didático enquanto ferramenta e reforço para aprender fundamentos básicos da química, e qual a relevância que apontam a este estímulo, e como avaliam este recurso como metodologia para o ensino aprendizagem. Temos como referencial teórico, que justifica e direciona a pesquisa, a teoria de David Paul Ausubel sobre a Aprendizagem Significativa, e a de Vygotsky sobre a teoria sócio- interacionista. Propomos realizar os estudos e a pesquisa comparando a motivação dos alunos para o ensino-aprendizagem nas aulas que utilizam somente a metodologia expositiva para ensinar e motivar o aluno a aprender, e a metodologia chamada de ludo-educativa, com a utilização de um kit didático de química, desenvolvido com a finalidade de ensinar conceitos básicos de química, como: testes de condutividade, medidas de PH, reações de precipitação, reações ácido-base, reações redox, reações química de complexão, e as reações químicas em geral. Participaram dos experimentos 20 alunos da 3a série do ensino médio da Escola Estadual “ Alvaro Guião” , localizada na cidade de São Carlos – SP. Abordaremos o uso do kit didático ou atividade experimentais lúdicas na sala de aula, como ferramenta de apoio e complemento as aulas teóricas e expositivas, e que motivam o aluno a aprender química, em um processo que envolva o aluno e o professor e aluno com outro aluno. Completando e, aprendendo os conceitos, e motivando o aluno a expor como entendem a vida, os conceitos e expressem o que sentem, e as possíveis limitações que venham a ter. Durante o uso do kit didático, nas atividades experimentais,foi dado daremos o acompanhamento contínuo, e as explicações sobre o uso do kit. E ao final, foi aplicado um questionário aprovado pelo Conselho de Ética da Universidade Federal de São Carlos - Ufscar, avaliando a motivação do aluno para o ensino aprendizagem, suas limitações, conclusões e motivações sobre o uso do kit didático e a atividades experimentais, em comparação a aula expositiva. Acreditando que o aluno, assim como o professor, ao entenderem a proposta de trabalho, acabaram por alcançar seus objetivos de ensino-aprendizagem de uma forma motivada. Os envolvidos na pesquisa ampliaram a competência pela iniciativa, autonomia, capacidade criadora, trabalho em equipe, aumento pelo interesse e motivação pelos conteúdos de química, ampliação da compreensão e aprendizagem de forma diferenciada e atrativa, ao entenderem o uso desta metodologia como forma agregadora e complementares nas aulas expositivas de química.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3837.pdf: 816106 bytes, checksum: b7626056bc3de9cc4c2687844deab5c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Pedagogical and play activities promote social, cognitive and affective development in children and adolescents; they also contribute towards healing process and alleviate pain and suffering in students who have been hospitalized and cannot participate in their social environments and school. Based on this assumption, this study aimed at investigating which pedagogical activities are directed to hospitalized children and adolescents. This is a qualitative and exploratory research in which data were collected through a semi-structured survey. The participants were the companions of the users of pediatrics, health professionals working at the pediatric unit physicist, nurses, psychologist, social assistant and the regional supervisor of special education. Data were analyzed based on meaning units. The results are suggestive that there is a lack of knowledge on the benefits of pedagogical and play activity in hospital environments. Factors such as the lack of appropriate place for the activities, the lack of professionals to perform the activities and the user s unawareness of their right to hospital classroom, contribute for keeping this population excluded from daily school routine. Considering that being hospitalized represents radical changes to children and adolescents, since playing and learning are turned into a painful and uncertain routine, the results indicate conditions for installing hospital classrooms, which should be provided by Special Education. Pedagogical and play activities, allied to a humanized hospital environment, would contribute to new expectations and hopes, and to the learning process in children and adolescents who need to overcome the hospitalization barrier. / A atividade pedagógica promove benefícios relacionados ao desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e afetivo de crianças e adolescentes; auxilia no processo de cura, atenua o sofrimento e a dor de alunos/as que por motivo de internação hospitalar, estão privadas/os de participar de seu meio sócio-cultural e escolar. Com base nesses pressupostos, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar: quais atividades destinam-se ao atendimento de crianças e adolescentes que por motivo de doença, ficam por um período em internação no hospital. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, de caráter exploratório, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com acompanhantes dos usuários da pediatria, profissionais responsáveis pelo atendimento no setor médico, enfermeira-chefe e enfermeira estagiária, além de psicóloga e assistente social - e um dos supervisores responsáveis pela Educação Especial da região. A análise dos dados realizada com base nas unidades de significado, deu a ver que pouco se conhece sobre os benefícios da atividade pedagógica em ambiente hospitalar e que alguns problemas como falta de espaço para realização das atividades, falta de profissional que desempenhe esta proposta e desconhecimento pelos usuários de seu direito de usufruir do serviço de Classe Hospitalar, levam uma parcela da população ao afastamento de sua rotina escolar e, portanto, à exclusão. Sabendo-se que a internação é uma mudança muito drástica para uma criança/adolescente, que repentinamente têm de sair de sua rotina de brincar, aprender, conhecer, para uma rotina dolorosa, cansativa e incerta, os resultados desta pesquisa indicam algumas condições necessárias à instalação e implementação de uma Classe Hospitalar, serviço da área da Educação Especial. As atividades pedagógicas seriam bem vindas nesse espaço para trazer, em conjunto com um ambiente diferenciado dentro do hospital, pautado por uma política de humanização do atendimento, novas atividades, expectativas, esperanças e continuidade no aprender dessas crianças e adolescentes, que precisam ultrapassar a barreira da internação.