Överums bruk AB är idag en ledande tillverkare av jordbruks maskiner där främst Europa är största marknaden. Deras främsta produkt är vändskiveplogen som är världsledande just nu på marknaden med lågt dragkrafts behov och hög effektivitet. Då konkurrensen ökar och kostnaderna inte minskar så krävs anpassning av nya konstruktioner till produktionen för att få ner kostnaderna men även minska antalet olika detaljer. I det här projektet utgår jag utifrån ett förslag på en ny huvudkomponent kallad topp till Cx-plogen. Den ska ersätta den gamla toppen men även den spanska toppen som används på den spanska marknaden. HD-toppen sitter längst fram på vändskiveplogen och dess funktion är att lyfta, dra och hålla upp plog ramen. Först gjordes en grundlig genomgång av processen så att problem och förbättringsmöjligheter upptäcks. Sedan gjordes olika beräkningar för att på så sätt få fram hur mycket man tjänade på de förändringar som gjordes. Slutsatsen är att kostnaderna är väldigt beroende av bearbetningstiden men också på vilken kapacitet som finns. Med kapacitet menar då produktions förmåga till anpassning till att göra olika moment för många produkter effektivt.  En av slutsatserna av det här arbetet är att det ofta är svårt att konkurrera med     företag som tillverkar special detaljer till olika industrier. Alltså det som kallas legotillverkning. Det är då i många fall bäst att skicka över en del moment i produktionen av detaljer till legotillverkare som gör det mer effektivt med andra maskiner för att det företaget kan vara expert på en viss tillverkningsprocess. På så sätt kan man reducera totala kostnaden på produkten. Ytterligare slutsatser av det här arbetet, är att kvalitets problem kan betyda stora kostnader om man inte åtgärdar det. Inga stora kostnader upptäcktes i arbetet men på lång sikt kan det bli ekonomiskt oförsvarbart. Då menas att kostnaderna kan öka okontrollerat till en nivå som direkt påverkar totala ekonomin för Överums bruk / Överums Bruk AB is a leading manufacturer of agricultural machinery where primarily Europe's largest market. Their main product is the mouldboardplough, the world leader right now in the market with low draft requirement needs and high efficiency. As competition increases and the costs are not reduce the required adaptation of new designs to production in order to bring down costs but also reduce the number of different parts.In this project, I start by on a proposal for a new main component called top to the Cx-plough. It will replace the old top but also the Spanish top used in the Spanisk market. The top is seated at the fron of the mouldboardplough and its purpose is to lift, pull and hold up the plough frame.    First, a thorough review of the process so that problems and improvement opportunities could be identified.I worked on with various calculations in order to conceive how much you could earn on the changes made. The conclusions is that the costs are very dependent on the processing time but also on the capacity available. With the capacity I mean the production capacity to adapt to make various parts for many products more effectively.One of my conclusions from special work is that it is often difficult to compete with companies that makes special parts for various industries. So what are known as contract manufacturing. It is the best in many cases to send over some elements of the production of details to contract manufacturer that makes them more effectively with other machines for the company to be experts on a certain manufacturing process. That way you can reduce the overall cost of the product.Additional findings of this study is that quality problems can mean significant costs if you do not fix it. No sized costs were discovered in the work but in the long run it may be economically indefensible. This meant that cost could increase uncontrollably to a level that directly affects the overall economics of Överums bruk.

Tout au long de la période médiévale, le cheval de travail est à la fois un moteur, un marqueur social, un investissement et un compagnon. Il prend part au développement agricole et à l'ensemble de la vie économique. Le croisement des sources est la meilleure manière d'explorer toutes ses facettes. Outre les documents iconographiques représentant des activités agricoles, l'accent est en particulier porté sur trois fonds : les baux à ferme conclus par les Hospitaliers dans l’espace du Prieuré de France, les lettres de rémission accordées par le Roi de France et les inventaires après décès réalisés dans les châtellenies et bailliages bourguignons et la mairie de Dijon. Ces sources permettent de définir le budget nécessaire pour acheter et utiliser un cheval de trait et de voir apparaître une recherche de productivité et de rentabilité dans ce domaine. Plusieurs approches peuvent être suivies. En tout premier lieu, il est important d'étudier de quelle manière un paysan peut obtenir un cheval et à quel endroit, qu'il soit de première ou de seconde main. Vient ensuite la problématique du financement de sa nourriture et de son entretien afin qu'il demeure dans des conditions physiques idéales pour travailler. Par ailleurs, en tant qu'outil de travail et moyen de transport, son harnais est l'objet d'une attention particulière. Bien que le collier en soit l'élément le plus important et le mieux connu, il s'agit seulement d'une partie d'un ensemble de développements techniques plus larges. Ceux-ci concernent non seulement les autre pièces du harnais mais aussi les outils tractés, tels les instruments aratoires, les herses ou les véhicules. / Throughout the medieval period, the working horse is at the same time a power-driven machine, a social marker, an investment and a companion. It has a hand in agricultural development as well as in all economic life. Source-crossing is the best solution to explore all its aspects. Besides iconographic documents which show agricultural activities, our particular focus were on three collections of texts : farming leases signed by the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in the area of the French Priory, remission letters granted by the king of France and inventories made after the death of persons from Burgundy and Dijon. This is an opportunity to study what was the budget to buy and use a work horse, and how the search for productivity and cost-effectiveness appear. Several approaches may be found. First of all, it's important to see how a farmer could get a horse and the place where it's available, whether it's first- or second-hand. Then, there is the investment for its food and its maintenance in good condition for work. Furthermore the harness of draught horses is worthy of specific attention. The most important and the better known is the collar, but it's a piece of a set of technical developments. They meet not only other pieces of harness but also tools draft, -ploughs, harrows or cars.

This diploma thesis deals with deep cultivators which are used in companies of agricultural production. Theoretical part is focused on the history of soil proccessing, soil treatement and loosening machines which are being used today. That includes disc cultivators, tine cultivators, chisel cultivators, rod cultivators and machines with driven work gears. Practical part of theses includes comparison of chisel cultivator and plough doing tillage. The quality of keeping the depth invariable is being evaluated, as well as time-consuming nature, consumption of fuel and drain on resources.

Pipeline ploughs are commonly used to bury offshore pipelines for their protection from loading by currents, damage from fishing trawler vessels and to provide thermal insulation to the line allowing the product to flow more efficiently. The rate of progress of pipeline ploughs in sand is complicated by a rate effect which causes the required tow force to increase drastically with velocity. In this research plough performance in sand is investigated by means of physical scale model tests. Scale model tests are the most practical method by which to conduct a parametric study on plough behaviour as full sized testing would be prohibitively expensive. Scale model tests also provide accurate control of sand conditions which allows investigation of the effect of soil parameters on plough behaviour. Model ploughs were manufactured at 50th, 25th and 10th scale so that scale effects could be explored. Each of the model ploughs had a detachable forecutter to allow its effect on plough performance to be observed. The forecutter was found to reduce the rate effect but increase the non-velocity dependant resistance of the plough. Ploughing tests were conducted at various relative densities in three sands of different permeability. The effects of ploughing rate on model plough behaviour under these various conditions was explored using an instrumented model plough, with particular attention paid to the resulting tow force. Results from the model ploughing tests were interpreted to determine the effect of permeability, relative density and plough depth on the tow forces generated during ploughing. The rate effect was found to increase strongly with reduction in permeability of the sand. Increasing the relative density of the sand was found to increase the rate effect but had little influence on the passive resistance of the plough. The test results were compared to an empirical model developed by Cathie and Wintgens (2001). New coefficients (Cw, Cs and Cd) have been proposed and therefore design procedures modified which may allow trenching contractors to make better predictions of plough performance in sands.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse loading forces which impact on the frame of the disk plough-harrow during the real operation, suggestion and assembling of the measuring system for measuring of real loading. On the basis of this measuring to accomplish structural deformational tensor analysis of the frames load-bearing’s machine. In the introduction is shortly described using of the disk plough-harrow in modern agriculture. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the suggestion of the measuring system and loading measuring under real working conditions. The second part is focused on deformational tensor analysis of the frames load-bearing’s machine through the method of final elements. In conclusion it follows the evaluation of gained pieces of knowledge.

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es determinar el porcentaje de reducción de pérdidas económicas en la instalación de tuberías con el uso de la tecnología no tradicional en el proyecto Oasis, identificando los ratios de producción y costos con la tecnología tradicional con excavación zanjas, y realizar la respectiva comparación con los ratios de producción y costos con la tecnología No tradicional Rocket Ploguh la cual consiste en la instalación mediante un arado vibratorio directamente bajo el terreno, prescindiendo de la excavación de zanja convencional. Para lo cual se plantean tres escenarios de análisis, el primero es una simulación del tiempo, productividad y costos de instalación de tuberías en el proyecto Oasis usando la tecnología tradicional con excavación de zanjas, el segundo es realizando la medición en del tiempo, productividad y costos, a los que se incurre durante la instalación de tuberías usando la tecnología Rocket Plough, el tercer escenario es la simulación de instalación de tuberías de un proceso óptimo usando la tecnología Rocket Plough. Finalmente, se obtiene la productividad de la mano de obra y de los equipos para los tres escenarios planteados, para hacer la comparación respectiva y determinar el porcentaje de aumento de productividad de ambos recursos, asimismo se realiza la comparación de los costos en los tres escenarios, para determinar el porcentaje de reducción de costos finales con el uso de la tecnología Rocket Plough, de este modo tener ratios de productividad y costos para la ejecución de proyectos de instalación de tuberías. / The objective of this research work is to determine the percentage of reduction of economic losses in the installation of pipes with the use of non-traditional technology in the Oasis project, identifying the production and cost indexes with traditional technology with trenching, and Make the respective comparison with the production and cost indexes with the Non-traditional Rocket Ploguh technology. The quality consists of the installation by means of a vibrator directly under the ground, without the need for conventional trenching. For which three analysis scenarios are proposed, the first is a simulation of the time, productivity and costs of pipe installation in the Oasis project using traditional technology with trenching, the second is the measurement in time, productivity and costs, which are incurred during pipe installation using Rocket Plow technology, the third scenario is the pipe installation simulation of a process activated using Rocket Plow technology. Finally, the productivity of labor and equipment is obtained for the three scenarios proposed, to make the respective comparison and determine the percentage of increase in productivity of both resources, comparing the costs in the three scenarios, to determine the percentage of final cost reduction with the use of Rocket Plow technology, thus having productivity and cost relationships for the execution of pipe installation projects.s. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-02-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soratto_rp_me_ilha.pdf: 173179 bytes, checksum: 0abffd09ba51c6e887a06c813a78d197 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O manejo adequado de práticas como a adubação nitrogenada, fornecimento de água através da irrigação e fatores que proporcionam um melhor desenvolvimento do sistema radicular, como o preparo do solo, são importantes para aumentar a eficiência do feijoeiro na utilização dos recursos disponíveis, possibilitando aumentar a produtividade. Com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento do feijoeiro cultivar IAC Carioca Eté, em função do preparo do solo, manejo de água e parcelamentos da adubação nitrogenada, no período de inverno, foi conduzido um trabalho de pesquisa na área experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia-UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada em Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com as subparcelas dispostas em faixas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por três modalidades de preparo do solo (grade pesada + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto). As lâminas de água aplicadas por aspersão foram determinadas pela utilização de diferentes coeficientes de cultura (L1, L2 e L3) e constituíram as subparcelas e os parcelamentos da aplicação do nitrogênio (0-75, 25-50, 50-25 e 75-0 kg.ha-1 na semeadura e em cobertura aos 22 DAE, respectivamente), as subsubparcelas. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: número de dias para o florescimento pleno, características físicas do solo, matéria seca de plantas, teor de N total na parte aérea das plantas, número de vagens/planta, número de grãos/planta, número médio de grãos/vagem, massa de 100 grãos, produtividade de grãos e teor de N nos grãos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o preparo do solo com grade pesada... / The appropriate management aiming higher yields of crops as nitrogen fertilization, water supply through of the irrigation and factors which provide a better growth of the root system, as the soil tillage, are very important to improve the efficiency by common bean crop and increase its yield. This research aimed to evaluate the IAC Carioca Eté cultivar as a function of soil management systems and water management, and nitrogen split application, in winter season, at Experimental Station of UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in Selviria-MS. A randomized complete block design, in split-split plot scheme, with subplots in strips, with four replications was used. The plots were constituted by three soil management systems: harrow disk + leveling disk, chisel plough + leveling disk, and no-tillage system. The water levels, applied through a sprinkler system (L1, L2, and L3) constituted the subplots and four nitrogen rates in split application: 0-75, 25-50, 50-25 and 75-0 kg ha-1 applied at sowing time and side dressing at 22 days after plant emergency, respectively, constituted the subsubplots. Number of days up to full flowering, soil physical characteristics, dry matter of plant, shoot nitrogen content, number of pod/plant, number of grain/plant, number of grain/pod, weight of 100 grains, grain yield, and grain nitrogen content were evaluated. The soil management with harrow disk + leveling disk provided the higher grain yield related to no-tillage system, but it did not differ from chisel plough + leveling disk treatment. The bean crop don t showed reduction yield, even using a crop coefficient 25% lower than recommended to water replace... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Ground engaging tools are very important components of machinery for agricultural applications, such as soil tillage. Ploughshare points serve as the first point of contact between ploughs and the hard minerals in the soil. One of the biggest problems that these tools encounter is abrasive wear, which decreases tillage quality, causes frequent tillage stops, increases fuel consumption of the tractor, and results in soil erosion. During this investigation, wear measurement, surface profiling and microscopic analysis were performed on three share point samples running in silica and granite sand – two points were commercial ones made of steel EN 22MnB5 and hardened. They served as commercial references. A third share point was also a commercial EN 22MnB5 one, but not hardened and laser cladded by a Ni-base + 50% carbide powder mix (Höganäs 1559–40 + 50% 4590). The abrasive wear testing was performed in an especially designed carousel tribometer. The laser cladded sample suffered only 30% of the wear shown in the EN 22MnB5 reference sample running under the same conditions. / Jordbearbetningsverktyg är väldigt viktiga komponenter i maskiner för jordbruksapplikationer, såsom jordbearbetning. Det är skärbladet på plogen, den så kallade plogbillen, som står för kontakten mellan plogen och de hårda mineralerna i jorden. Ett av de största problemen som dessa verktyg möter är abrasivnötning, som gör att verktygen efter en tid blir ineffektiva och bland annat orsakar frekventa stopp, erosion av marken och låg jordkvalité på grund av den försämrade jordbearbetningen samt ökar traktorns bränsleförbrukning. I denna undersökning testades provbitar av två olika slags stål runt i kvarts- respektive granitsand, och därefter utfördes mätningar på den nötning som skett samt även ytprofilering och mikroskopi gjordes. Testerna utfördes i kvartsand och i granitsand. Provbitar var två kommerciellt tillverkad härdade skärblad gjorda i stål EN 22MnB5. Ett tredje skärblad var också en komerciellt gjord i EN 22MnB5 stål men ohärdad och laserpåsvetsad med Ni-bas + 50% karbid pulverblandning (Höganäs 1559-40 +50% 4590). Provkörningarna utfördes i en speciellt utvecklad karusell-tribometer. Resultatet från provningarna visade att i fallet med laserpåsvetsade bitarna så var nötningen endast 30% relativt nötningen som EN 22MnB5-provet uppvisade under samma förutsättningar.

１９５０年代，中、韓兩國均針對地權不均與惡劣的租佃制度，進行土地改革，中華 民國台灣地區首先改善租佃制度，繼之推行耕者有其田政策。大韓民國則在消除租佃 制與創設自耕農的原則之下，實行農地改革。由於兩國所採取的改進措施有些不同， 而顯示不同的結果，隨著農業環境之變化，而面臨了新的租佃問題。於是筆者乃著眼 兩國之租佃問題之所在與已實行的改進措施，並比較分析相類點與相異點，導出相互 可供借鏡之處，以探尋向後租佃制之改進方向。 租佃制度與各種農業問題相互涉及的範圍相當廣泛，因此，本文的研究範圍限於租佃 制度之實態與已推行的改進措施。採用比較研究法，蒐集相關資料，進行整理分析， 俾能了解兩國的租佃制，並提出改進意見，以供兩國之參考。 第一章導論，分析本論文之研究動機、目的目、方法及範圍。 第二章首先諭論及租佃問題之所在與其改進措施，加以說明租佃制與農地利用關係。 第三、四章探討中、韓兩國之租佃制，分析農地改革前之租佃問題，加以說明其改善 措施與結果。 第五章比較分析，探討農地改革以來租佃制之演變過程與問題之背景等，加以比較兩 國所採用的改進措施與當前課題。 第六章提出改進意見，做為結論與建議。

Title: Didactic methods for teaching of skiing of beginners 6-10 years old Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to create a "ranking alphabet" for skiing beginners at age from 6 to 10 years old (young school age) and following verification of its effectiveness by using different didactic methods during the skiing education in "Half-day skiing school" in Kubova Huť. Methods: This is a case study that has the character of descriptions with the nature of qualitative research. The main method was the participatory observation by five trained ski instructors. We also used the category system and created seven categories. These were skiing skills included in the "ranking alphabet". To capture the quality of execution, we chose the judging ranges for individual elements in the "ranking alphabet". Results: The ranking alphabet with seven elementary skills was created. Each skill was defined and its level was determined. Children were divided into two groups (parallel and plough ski position). It depended on the quality of individual skiing skills. Every group participated in modified skiing education. In the end skills of both groups were verified by slalom. The use of ski "ranking alphabet" at the beginning of ski training proved to be effective for skiing beginners. Key words: Children, downhill...