Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ziegler_v_me_assis.pdf: 433623 bytes, checksum: d3fc6d9b34c43d9148fe53bee8f35cad (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Pelas constantes generalizações tecidas sobre todo o corpus de Plutarco, que foi superficialmente caracterizado como um projeto basicamente moral, o objetivo desse trabalho visa fortalecer a idéia de que o autor grego enxergava a atividade política como essencial na vida de um homem. Assim, a paideia e a filosofia eram mediadoras de uma ética que orientava o comportamento e as ações do governante, lapidando sua natureza e dando-lhe condições de refrear seus instintos e suas paixões. O governante, que mais recebesse educação e fosse doutrinado pela filosofia teria mais condições de dirigir com justiça e prudência a comunidade de cidadãos. Esse era o tipo de governante que Plutarco julgava ideal: bem educado, virtuoso e sábio como um filósofo, tal como Platão o pensou, e a imagem que mais se aproximava desse ideal era a de Alexandre, o grande. / For the constants generalizations maked over all Plutarch's corpus, which was superficially described as basically a moral project, the aim of this work claim fortify the thought which the greek writer view the policy activity as essential in the man's life. Thus, paideia and philosophy mediated a ethics which conducting the ruler's actions and behavior, refining your nature, as well as your instinct and passions. The ruler which earned more education and philosophy will be conditions to guide the citizens' comunity with justice and prudence. This was kind of ruler which Plutarch judged as ideal: educated, virtuous and wise like a philosopher, such as Plato thinked, and the image which more approached of this model was Alexander the Great.

In this dissertation, I trace the different lives and afterlives of Octavia Minor, Augustus’ sister. I offer a comprehensive study of the ancient literary representations of Octavia; through the course of four chapters and an epilogue, I demonstrate how she occupies a defining space in the public imagination of the early principate. The purpose of this dissertation is to make the literary lives and afterlives of Octavia more visible and to examine how such representations may relate not only to Octavia’s time but also to the times of the sources, from antiquity to the Renaissance. In Chapter 1, I start by pointing out how late Republican customs of marriage and female alliances influence Octavia’s life and its representations and monitor the influence that Octavian had on his sister, and vice versa. Here as throughout the dissertation, I examine how different authors represent Octavia, her widowhood, and her betrothal at the Treaty of Brundisium. In Chapter 2, I trace Octavia’s travels through Greece and the Hellenistic influences in representations of her. This chapter concludes with how she is presented in treatments of the Treaty of Tarentum, where she grows into her role either as mediator or political pawn, according to which sources are followed. Chapter 3 begins with the honours of 35 that both Octavia and Livia receive. Thereafter, I argue for Plutarch’s Octavia as the subject of a mini-parallel life as Cleopatra’s foil. After her divorce with Antony, the literary Octavia seems to negotiate the boundaries between the public and private sphere habitually: we will trace this phenomenon in depictions of Augustus’ victorious return, Octavia’s mourning of Marcellus, and, ultimately, in her own state funeral. In Chapter 4, I examine the different ways in which Octavia’s continuing influence is felt and expressed through the different areas in her life, such as lineage, education, and culture, in what I call “the Octavia Factor.” The epilogue recognizes the historical Octavia as a point of intertextual reference in the pseudo-Senecan Octavia and explores the possibilities of future work on renaissance reception of Octavia. It is in this way that I shed new light on the development of “the Octavia narrative” in the literary sources.

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L’œuvre de Rabelais est celle d’un humaniste qui n’a cessé de transformer la matière de ses lectures pour en nourrir sa prose. Dans le vaste champ de l’intertexte de sa Chronique, les auteurs grecs tiennent une place importante. Après avoir cerné ce qui pourrait être une méthode de l’altération des sources à l’œuvre chez un Rabelais envisagé comme grand Altérateur, ce travail s’attache à évaluer la dette de ses livres vis-à-vis de la tradition textuelle grecque, et notamment par rapport aux deux auteurs qui ont fait l’objet de la plus constante réécriture, Lucien de Samosate et Plutarque de Chéronée. Ces deux écrivains de l’Empire, auteurs de nombreux opuscules profus et variés, permirent au Chinonais d’approfondir sa connaissance de l’hellénisme, à la fois par le sourire allusif et la polymathie sérieuse. On montrera que la parodie rabelaisienne témoigne à chaque ligne d’une excellente connaissance de ces modèles, dont l’imitatio, si elle se fit toujours avec une saine irrévérence, engageait avant tout des compétences (parfois trop sous-estimées) d’helléniste et de philologue hors pair. Rabelais apparut dès son entrée en littérature un « Lucian françois » — surnom dont il hériterait bientôt — ; quant au rôle de Plutarque il ne fut vraiment décisif qu’à partir du Tiers livre de 1546. On s’attachera à comprendre cette passion des livres de la maturité de Rabelais pour le polygraphe de Chéronée, grâce à l’étude du dernier exemplaire grec des Moralia que posséda Rabelais et qu’il annota (BnF GR Rés. g. R. 33), soit un document inestimable et inexplicablement négligé par la critique rabelaisienne. / Rabelais has always written his books transforming the matter of his readings. Greek authors have an important place in the wide field of the rabelaisian intertext. In its first part, this work aims at studying a writing method based on intertextual alteration, a word that appears as a Leitmotiv in Rabelais’s books. Then, the influence of his two favourite greek authors is analysed. In a second part, we try to consider the rabelaisian debt to the eclectic works of Lucian of Samosata, who was a model for Rabelais’s use of allusion and parody. The father of Pantagruel has discovered the lucianesque fictions early in his life of hellenist and deserved still after his death the nickname of « French Lucian ». In a third part, we show that the reading of Plutarch’s Moralia plays an important role in the genesis of the Tiers and Quart livre. Rabelais’s annotations in the in-folio BnF GR Rés. g. R. 33 allow us to understand how the French comic has read the Moralia, enjoying their polymathy and their use of the myth.

Diferentemente das recorrentes assertivas sobre o comprometimento político dos intelectuais gregos no Império, a nosso ver, a partir do século II d.C., a chamada Segunda Sofística é um indicativo do movimento cultural grego iniciado no século I d.C. Embora seus integrantes apresentem intenções distintas em seus escritos, os intelectuais gregos do Império participam de estilos e temáticas narrativas semelhantes. No caso de Plutarco, e essa é a nossa tese central, demonstramos que nosso autor não compôs sua obra para exaltar ou glorificar o Império romano ou ainda a cultura grega. Sendo assim, seus escritos representam a expressão da singularidade e da utilidade da tradição cultural grega para o fortalecimento político do Império. O objetivo principal de Plutarco está, pois, em construir uma identidade grega no Império, pautada na história de seu povo e em sua tradição cultural, para exibir ao mundo romano a contribuição dos gregos para a formação do Império. / Differently from the usual assertions about the Greek intellectuals\' political compromise with the Empire, in our perspective, as from the second century A.D., the so called Second Sophistic is an indicative of the Greek cultural movement started in the first century A.D. Although its members present distinct intentions of their writings, the Greek intellectuals of the Empire develop similar styles and themes through their narratives. Considering Plutarch\'s case, and this is the core of our thesis, we demonstrate that our author did not write his work to exalt nor to glorify the Roman Empire nor the Greek culture. His writings represent the expression of the singularity and the usefulness of the Greek cultural tradition for the political strength of the Empire. Plutarch\'s main objective is to build a Greek identity in the Empire, based on the history of the people and their cultural tradition to exhibit the Greeks\' contribution to the formation of the Roman Empire.

Diferentemente das recorrentes assertivas sobre o comprometimento político dos intelectuais gregos no Império, a nosso ver, a partir do século II d.C., a chamada Segunda Sofística é um indicativo do movimento cultural grego iniciado no século I d.C. Embora seus integrantes apresentem intenções distintas em seus escritos, os intelectuais gregos do Império participam de estilos e temáticas narrativas semelhantes. No caso de Plutarco, e essa é a nossa tese central, demonstramos que nosso autor não compôs sua obra para exaltar ou glorificar o Império romano ou ainda a cultura grega. Sendo assim, seus escritos representam a expressão da singularidade e da utilidade da tradição cultural grega para o fortalecimento político do Império. O objetivo principal de Plutarco está, pois, em construir uma identidade grega no Império, pautada na história de seu povo e em sua tradição cultural, para exibir ao mundo romano a contribuição dos gregos para a formação do Império. / Differently from the usual assertions about the Greek intellectuals\' political compromise with the Empire, in our perspective, as from the second century A.D., the so called Second Sophistic is an indicative of the Greek cultural movement started in the first century A.D. Although its members present distinct intentions of their writings, the Greek intellectuals of the Empire develop similar styles and themes through their narratives. Considering Plutarch\'s case, and this is the core of our thesis, we demonstrate that our author did not write his work to exalt nor to glorify the Roman Empire nor the Greek culture. His writings represent the expression of the singularity and the usefulness of the Greek cultural tradition for the political strength of the Empire. Plutarch\'s main objective is to build a Greek identity in the Empire, based on the history of the people and their cultural tradition to exhibit the Greeks\' contribution to the formation of the Roman Empire.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να εξετάσει και να παρουσιάσει τις βιογραφικές μεθόδους προσέγγισης μίας εξέχουσας προσωπικότητας του 4ου αιώνα π.Χ., του Σπαρτιάτη βασιλιά και στρατιωτικού, Αγησιλάου του Β΄ (399-360/59 π.Χ.), έτσι όπως εκείνη σκιαγραφήθηκε μέσα από τα τρία ομώνυμα έργα του Ξενοφώντος του Αθηναίου (4ος αιώνας π.Χ.), του Κορνήλιου Νέπωτα (Cornelius Nepos, 1ος αιώνας π.Χ.) και του Πλουτάρχου (1ος-2ος αιώνας μ.Χ). / Purpose of this paper is to examine and present biographical methods in approaching a prominent personality of the 4th century BC, the Spartan king and military, Agesilaus the Second (399-360/59 BC), as that outlined through three homonym works of Xenophon of Athens (4th century BC), Cornelius Nepos (1st century BC) and Plutarch (1st-2nd century AD).

Orientador: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Banca: Ivan Esperança Rocha / Banca: Silvia Márcia Alves Siqueira / Resumo: Pelas constantes generalizações tecidas sobre todo o corpus de Plutarco, que foi superficialmente caracterizado como um projeto basicamente moral, o objetivo desse trabalho visa fortalecer a idéia de que o autor grego enxergava a atividade política como essencial na vida de um homem. Assim, a paideia e a filosofia eram mediadoras de uma ética que orientava o comportamento e as ações do governante, lapidando sua natureza e dando-lhe condições de refrear seus instintos e suas paixões. O governante, que mais recebesse educação e fosse doutrinado pela filosofia teria mais condições de dirigir com justiça e prudência a comunidade de cidadãos. Esse era o tipo de governante que Plutarco julgava ideal: bem educado, virtuoso e sábio como um filósofo, tal como Platão o pensou, e a imagem que mais se aproximava desse ideal era a de Alexandre, o grande. / Abstract: For the constants generalizations maked over all Plutarch's corpus, which was superficially described as basically a moral project, the aim of this work claim fortify the thought which the greek writer view the policy activity as essential in the man's life. Thus, paideia and philosophy mediated a ethics which conducting the ruler's actions and behavior, refining your nature, as well as your instinct and passions. The ruler which earned more education and philosophy will be conditions to guide the citizens' comunity with justice and prudence. This was kind of ruler which Plutarch judged as ideal: educated, virtuous and wise like a philosopher, such as Plato thinked, and the image which more approached of this model was Alexander the Great. / Mestre

Can we consider Plutarch's Parallel Lives a historical work? Can we read them as a unitary series? These are the initial questions that this thesis poses and that are investigated in the Introduction, five main Chapters, and the Conclusion. In the Introduction, a preliminary status quaestionis about ancient biography is presented before clarifying the methodology adopted for reading the Parallel Lives as a unitary historical work and the reasons for choosing the Lives of Lycurgus, Lysander, and Agesilaus as the case studies to examine in detail. Chapter 1 discusses the historiographical principles that emerge from the De sera numinis vindicta: for Plutarch history is primarily the history of individuals and cities, based on the interpretation of historical events. Chapter 2 tries to verify the hypothesis that the Parallel Lives correspond to the historical project delineated in the De sera numinis vindicta. This Chapter, moreover, reassesses the literary form of the Parallel Lives by employing the concepts of 'open macrotext' and 'cross-complementarity' between the Lives. Chapter 3 analyses the Life of Lycurgus, focusing on the formation of the cultural identity and the political model of Sparta. In the Life of Lycurgus, Plutarch indicates already the intrinsic weaknesses of Sparta and the probable causes of Spartan decline in the fourth century BC. Chapter 4 is devoted to the Life of Lysander, where Plutarch narrates how after the Peloponnesian War Sparta established its hegemony over the Greeks and, simultaneously, began its rapid moral and political decline into decadence. Plutarch also seems to suggest that in this historical period of extraordinary changes not only Sparta and Lysander but all the Greeks were guilty of distorting moral values. Chapter 5 concentrates on Agesilaus, who could have led Sparta and the Greeks to great success against the Persians, but, instead, had to save Sparta from complete destruction after the Battle of Leuctra. The Conclusion recapitulates the main points of the thesis and proposes possible arguments for future research on Plutarch’s Parallel Lives.

Η διατήρηση της ισορροπίας ανάμεσα στην ιδιωτική και τη δημόσια σφαίρα είναι ένα αρκετά δύσκολο εγχείρημα για ένα άτομο, ιδίως όταν μια ερωτική ιστορία ταράξει τη ζωή και την καθημερινότητά του. Η ερωτική ζωή ενός ατόμου αποτελεί ενδεικτικό στοιχείο του ήθους του όχι μόνο στα όρια της προσωπικής ζωής αλλά και της δημόσιας σφαίρας. Αντικείμενο της παρούσας μελέτης είναι οι κοινωνικές διαστάσεις που λαμβάνει ο έρωτας και ο γάμος τόσο στα Γαμικά Παραγγέλματα και τον Ερωτικό, όσο και στους Βίους του Περικλή και του Αντωνίου του Πλουτάρχου. Η αλληλεξάρτηση ατόμου-κοινωνίας όταν εμφανίζονται ο έρωτας και ο γάμος αφενός και αφετέρου οι αντιλήψεις της κοινωνίας που συνδέονται με αυτό το δίπολο κατέχουν εξέχουσα θέση στα υπό εξέταση κείμενα. / The conservation of the equilibrium amongst of personal and public domain is harsh for the individual especially when a love story discomfit his daily routine. The love life of an individual is one of the major element to illustrate his ethos, not only in the shade of private life but also in this of public domain. This research project will examine the social aspects which love and marriage take place in Plutarch’s Gamika Pareggelmata, Erotikos, Life of Pericles and Antonius. Following this, the interrelationship of individual-society when love and marriage appear. Thus, society’s beliefs which are connected with the particular dipole and the importance of this in the under advisement passages.