This thesis analyses the difficulties in reading modern poetry that arise out of not the references but the unconventional use of language, and presents them in a theoretical framework based on Julia Kristeva&rsquo / s semanalytic theory and Melanie Parsons&rsquo / s application of it to a comparison of Nonsense literature and twentieth century poetry. Then aspects of the works of G. M. Hopkins, Dylan Thomas and Edith Sitwell are discussed and poems by these poets are analysed within this framework.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosevan Marcolino de Andrade.pdf: 1324304 bytes, checksum: 8f4e33a898cf6afeb086a57074c6a03d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-07 / The focus of this research was to discuss the materialization of the homoerotic desire and lyricism in As canções de António Botto. Firstly, we researched about the theory of lyric according to the studies of Adorno (2003), Pound (2006), Staiger (1975), Lima (1975), and others; other sources about the homoerotism from Barcellos (2006) and Silva (2007, 2008) were made. Thus, we intend to present an interpretation on Botto's poems in order to analyse the following: how does the poetic language means act in order to construct the homoerotic relationships in As Canções de António Botto? Consequently, we chose the poems from the chapters Olimpíadas, Adolescente, Ciúme e Curiosidades Estéticas to emphasize the presence of the homoerotism theme, focusing the semantic and imagery constructions that embody this theme in the poems. As a theorical complement on homosexual relationships from Greek period, we chose Foucault (2007a, 2007b, 2007c), Dover (2007) e Ullmann (2005). Finally, we analysed how the body language is set as an object of desire in homoerotic relationships in As Canções de António Botto. The body is considered not only as a mass full of organs, but also as an object which evokes an awareness about the cultural conditions and sexualities. We discussed some definitions about body and its relation with the homoerotism, primarily, oriented to its expression in literature. We used the concepts from Goelnner (2003), Louro (2004) to observe the several images of the bodies suggested by the expressions emphasized in the poems, focusing the "young body", the "body virile" and the "tall body", main categories from Botto's lirical subject. In the end of this study, we understand that the homoerotic relationships in As Canções de António Botto are made through the poetic language from the imagery and linguistic expressions that compose the semantic field of homoerotic subjects. Thus, a lyricism considered silenced theretofore - the "homoerotic lyricism". We also note that the poems are led by a emotional speech, made by confessions from his love relationships with people of same sex, maily younger men, which sometimes they assume the function of rentboys, according to Perlongher's (2008) points of view, which love relationships are often limited to a only one meetin, setting as a "pure love", according to Bauman. / O objetivo da pesquisa foi discutir a materialização do desejo homoerótico e do lirismo n As canções de António Botto. Inicialmente, foi feito um levantamento sobre a teoria da lírica apoiando-nos nas considerações de Adorno (2003), Pound (2006), Staiger (1975), Lima (1975), entre outros; outros levantamentos foram feitos a respeito do homoerotismo sobre os textos de Barcellos (2006), Silva (2007, 2008), dentre outros autores que teorizam sobre homoerotismo. Assim, procuramos apresentar uma leitura dos poemas de Botto à guisa do seguinte problema: de que maneira o autor mobiliza e articula os recursos da linguagem poética se mobilizam e se articulam para a construção das relações homoeróticas n As Canções de António Botto? Nesse sentido, escolhemos poemas das seções Olimpíadas, Adolescente, Ciúme e Curiosidades Estéticas para enfatizarmos a presença da temática do homoerotismo, mais precisamente no que diz respeito às construções imagético-semânticas que materializam o homoerotismo nos poemas. Como fundamentação complementar acerca das relações homossexuais no contexto grego, utilizamos Foucault (2007a, 2007b, 2007c), Dover (2007) e Ullmann (2005). Por fim, analisamos a maneira como a linguagem do corpo é configurada como um objeto de desejo nos relacionamentos homoeróticos n As Canções de António Botto. Consideramos o corpo não apenas como um conjunto de órgãos, mas como um objeto que suscita leituras e compreensões a respeito de condições culturais e de sexualidades. Discutimos alguns conceitos de corpo e a sua relação com o homoerotismo, principalmente, voltados para manifestação na literatura. Utilizamo-nos das considerações de Goelnner (2003), Louro (2004) para observarmos as várias imagens dos corpos sugeridas pelas expressões destacadas nos poemas, dentre elas o corpo juvenil , o corpo viril , o corpo alto , categorias configuradoras da predileção do sujeito lírico bottiano. Chegamos ao final desta pesquisa com a compreensão de que as relações homoeróticas n As canções de António Botto são construídas no plano da linguagem poética através de expressões linguístico-imagéticas que fazem parte do campo semântico dos sujeitos homoeróticos, reconstruindo um lirismo até então silenciado o lirismo homoerótico . Percebemos tambèm que a voz que conduz os poemas demonstra seus sentimentos através de confissões de suas experiências amorosas com sujeitos do mesmo sexo, sobretudo mais jovens, os quais, muitas vezes assumem a função do michê, como na visão de Perlongher (2008) em que os relacionamentos amorosos são muitas vezes restritos a apenas um encontro, configurando-se como um amor puro (Cf. Bauman)

This thesis examines the poetry of poets who officially entered the Czech literary scene in 1990s - after The Velvet Revolution. That was a period of time when Czech literary life changed completely. The thesis focuses on the artists born during the 1960s and the early 1970s - Petr Borkovec, Martin Langer, Pavel Kolmačka and Petr Hruška. The thesis concentrates on the analysis of their first two individual collections published between 1990-1998. What is important is the fact that the authors are not negatively influenced by the cultural politics from the communism era. First, the thesis outlines the events on the Czech literary scene after the revolution. Then it offers a view of the individual poets' works. This part also presents the critical reflection of the period, while the main focus is on the interpretation of poetic works. Through analytical reading this thesis follows the fundamental motive constants and it also reflects other important components of the early authorial poetics. The aim is to point out the tendencies in young Czech poetry at the time of sudden multiplicity of possibilities and to prove or disprove the presence of traditional poetics. Keywords: Czech poetry, 1990, poetic debut, Petr Borkovec, Martin Langer, Pavel Kolmačka, Petr Hruška

The aim of this thesis is to analyse methods used in translation of the Arabic poetry written in a quantitative metre based on the syllable length to Czech, regarding its form and preserving, substitution or elimination of the classical Arabis metre, and to try to propose a new, alternative method of translation that would corresponded with demands of the Czech prosody but also would preserve - at least partially - some typical elements of the Arabic poetry. In the first part of this thesis the basic character of the Arabic prosody is explained and the two basic formal components of the Arabic metric poetry are introduced: the quantitative metre and the continuous rhyme scheme. Then, a comparison of the Arabic verse to several European systems is provided. In the second part, the existing Czech translations of the Arabic poetry are summarized, especially regarding the metric poetry, and the attention is also paid to the way in which the translators deal with the formal components of the translated verses. The crucial parts of this thesis are the third part and the forth part. The third part includes the overview of the possible ways to translate the Arabic metric poetry with regard to the metre and the rhyme scheme. It presents four individual ways: complete preservation of the metre, its complete...

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This research aims to illuminate how and why war challenges the limits of poetic representation, through an analysis of non-combatant poetry of the Second World War. It is motivated by the question: how can one portray, represent, or talk about war? Literature on war poetry tends to concentrate on the combatant poets of the First World War, or their influence, while literature on the Second World War tends to focus on prose as the only expression of literary war experience. With a historicist approach, this thesis advances our understanding of both the Second World War, and our inherited notions of 'war poetry,' by parsing its historiography, and investigating the role critical appraisals have played in marginalising this area of poetic response. This thesis examines four poets as case studies in this field of research-W.H. Auden, Louis MacNeice, Dylan Thomas, and Stevie Smith-and evaluates them on both their individual explorations of poetic tone, faith systems, linguistic innovations, subversive performativity, and their collective trajectory towards a commitment to represent the war in their poetry. The findings from this research illustrate how too many critical appraisals have minimised or misrepresented Second World War poetry, and how the poets responded with a self-reflexivity that bespoke a deeper concern with how war is remembered and represented. The significance of these findings is breaking down the notion of objective fact in poetic representations of war, which are ineluctably subjective texts. These findings also offer insight into the 'failure' of poetry to represent war as a necessary part of war representation and prompt a rethinking of who has the 'right' experience-or simply the right-to talk about war.