Orientador: Antonio Cezar Leal / Banca: Encarnita Salas Martin / Banca: Marilia Coelho / Banca: Alba Regina Azevedo Arana / Banca: Jurandir Savi / Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve, como foco central, as políticas públicas que envolvem o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos adotado no município de Presidente Prudente-SP e a motivação para seu desenvolvimento resultam de indagações advindas de nossa inserção no Projeto de Políticas Públicas FAPESP, originalmente idealizado por um grupo de professores da FCT/UNESP em 2001 e que, ao longo de seu desenvolvimento, obteve o engajamento de diversos parceiros, apoiadores e da sociedade civil. A metodologia utilizada foi: o levantamento de dados, a partir da documentação direta e indireta, bem como a adoção da técnica da observação direta intensiva. Devido à dificuldade em acessar os arquivos públicos municipais, referentes aos anos anteriores a 1980, utilizamos a técnica da "história de vida" para resgatar a memória de antigos funcionários públicos municipais. A forma de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos adotada pelo município foi abordada em seu contexto histórico e atual, além da análise das políticas públicas municipais, referentes ao tema. As ações desenvolvidas durante as fases do Projeto de Políticas Públicas FAPESP sua contribuição para a organização da COOPERLIX e a implantação da coleta seletiva apresentaram um conjunto de informações importantes para compreender a atual situação em que se encontra o município. Conclui-se que o "Projeto de Políticas Públicas FAPESP com o apoio de parceiros e sociedade civil, contribui para a formação de uma política pública de gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos urbanos, no município. / Abstract: The present research had as central focus the public policies about the management of urban solid residues in the town of Presidente Prudente, and the motivation for its development results of resulting inquiries of our insertion in the FAPESP Public Policies Project, originally idealized by a group of professors of the FCT/UNESP in 2001 and that, over its development, got from many partners, supporters, and civil society. The methodology utilized was facts survey from the indirect and straight documentation, as well as the adoption of the intensive straight observation technique. Due to the difficulty in access the municipal public files regarding the years before 1980, we utilized the life story technique for rescue the memory of old municipal public members of staff. The urban solid residues management form adopted by the town was approached in his present and historical context, as well the analysis of the municipal public policies regarding the subject. The actions developed during the phases of the FAPESP Public Policies Project, his contribution to the organization of the COOPERLIX, and the implementation of the selective collection, presented important information set, to understand the present situation in town. Finds that the FAPESP Public Policies Project, with the support of partners and civil society, contributes to the formation of a public policy of integrated management public policy of urban solid residues in the town. / Doutor

Essa pesquisa objetivou analisar a trajetória das políticas públicas de Educação Especial, no Brasil, no período 2003-2014, verificando as contradições, limites e avanços, assim como as concepções de inclusão dos sujeitos que interagem na formulação dessas políticas. A abordagem de pesquisa adotada foi análise documental, na perspectiva do materialismo histórico dialético, de publicações feitas pelos sujeitos coletivos envolvidos na passagem das políticas de Educação Especial para o campo das políticas de inclusão. Verificamos que, no movimento em que as políticas de Educação Especial passam para o campo das políticas de inclusão, estavam envolvidos sujeitos coletivos (movimentos sociais protagonizados pelas pessoas com deficiência, organismos internacionais, governo federal e instituições privado-assistenciais) com diferentes concepções de inclusão. Nessa trajetória, evidenciaram-se três principais contradições, que compõem a atual política de Educação Especial Inclusiva: a ampliação do direito com a precarização do direito, ou seja, as pessoas com deficiência passaram a ter acesso à escola regular pública, mas com menos tempo de atendimento especializado e sem a modificação estrutural e pedagógica da escola para acolhê-las; ampliação das vagas às pessoas com deficiência em escolas públicas e, ao mesmo tempo, a ampliação do financiamento público a instituições privadas, através de convênios de prestação de serviço de atendimento educacional especializado ou da compra de vagas em escolas especiais exclusivas; a política garante a acessibilidade física e tecnológica através das salas de recursos multifuncionais, no entanto, não promove a garantia de currículo adaptado, capacitação de profissionais, nem a redução de alunos por turma do ensino regular com inclusão. A concepção de inclusão presente nas políticas públicas de Educação Especial é pouco profunda (não considera a gênese da exclusão), atrelada a matrícula, ao ingresso no ensino regular e à preocupação com a inserção no mercado de trabalho e no mercado consumidor. Essa concepção deriva da ideologia conservadora de que a maior participação na lógica da produção da sociedade capitalista permite o fim da exclusão ou da desigualdade. Evidenciamos em nossas análises que a desigualdade é inerente à sociedade capitalista, ou seja, o capitalismo a produz e precisa dela para se reproduzir. Assim, ampliar a participação nesta lógica contribui para a manutenção da ordem e não rompe com a produção das desigualdades. Da mesma forma, a inclusão escolar mantém a produção e reprodução da exclusão na educação e não rompe com a desigualdade presente historicamente na área. / This study was aimed to analyze the trajectory of Special Education public policies in Brazil, from 2003-2014, verifying their contradiction, limitations and advances as well as the conceptions of inclusion of subjects that interact in the elaboration of these policies. The research approach was qualitative, performed through documentary analysis, in the perspective of dialectical historical materialism, of publications written by the collective subjects involved in the passage of Special Education policies to the field of inclusive policies. We verified that, in the movement in which Special Education policies transfer to the field of inclusive policies, collective subjects were involved (social movements protagonized by peoples with disabilities, international organisms, federal government and private-care institutions) with different concepts of inclusion. In this trajectory, it was evidenced three main contradictions that compose the current Inclusive Special Education policy: the magnification of the right with the precariousness of this right, which means that subjects with disabilities were granted access to the regular public school, but with less time of specialized care and without structural and pedagogical modifications on the school that received them; expansion of vacancies for people with disabilities in public schools and, at the same time, an increase in the public funding to private institutions through service provision agreements of specialized educational services or the purchase of vacancies in exclusive special schools; the policy allows physical and technological accessibility by means of multi-functional resources; nevertheless, it does not promote any guarantee of an adapted curriculum, training of professionals, or the reduction in the number of students by class in the inclusive regular education. The conception of inclusion present in the public policies of Special Education is shallow (it does not consider the genesis of exclusion), and is linked to the registration and admission in the regular education, and to the concern with the insertion on the labor market and consumer market. This conception comes from the conservative ideology that greater participation in the logic of production of the capitalist society allows the end of exclusion and inequality. Our analyses evidenced that the inequality is inherent in capitalist society, that is, capitalism produces it and needs it to reproduce. Therefore, expanding the participation in this logic contributes to the maintenance of order and it does not break with the production of inequalities. In the same way, scholar inclusion maintains the production and reproduction of exclusion in the education and does not break with the inequality historically observed in the field.

Na nossa vida, determinados gestos e palavras passam a ser estranhos e passíveis de serem destacados, julgados, diagnosticados. Examinamos o percurso expansionista dos aprisionamentos da vida, seus elementos constitutivos no social. Retiramos do cotidiano e da vivência profissional em duas instituições de contenção estatais, práticas recorrentes que constroem visagens dos desvios dos ditos loucos e dos ditos delinquentes. Entendemos que as instituições tendem a cumprir suas funções presas a determinados estereótipos, padrões e reafirmam e corroboram significâncias e subjetivações encerradas em visagens que exacerbam evidências, punições, vinganças e controles. Vivemos numa sociedade de controle, cujos interstícios são operados por instituições disciplinares postas a normalizar a vida através de medidas voltadas à aquisição de disciplinas, para fixar em aparelhos de produção, através de punições e recompensas. Constitui um plano de pensamento definido por normas que ligam entre si os indivíduos pertencentes ao aparelho de produção. Aos que não conseguem se enquadrar nestes aparelhos, resta a prisão, o hospital ou a solidão. / In our life, certain gestures and words become awkward and likely to be distinguished, judged, diagnosed. We examine the expansionary path of life imprisonment, its constituent elements in the social body. We remove from daily and professional experience in two institutions of state contention, recurring practices that form grimaces of digression of those considered insane and offenders. We understand that institutions tend to fulfill their duties attached to certain stereotypes, patterns and reaffirm and support significance and subjectivities restrained to grimaces that exacerbate evidence, punishment, revenge and controls. We live in a society of control, whose interstices are operated by disciplinary institutions set to normalize life through measures focused on acquisition of disciplines to concentrate on production apparatus through punishments and rewards. It constitutes a thought plan defined by rules that interconnects the individuals belonging to the production apparatus. Those who fail to fit these apparatus, are left with prison, hospital or loneliness.

No description available.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Learner underperformance, especially in poor school communities has been an issue of contestation since 1994, and remains a major challenge in South Africa. Learner performance in this category of schools continues to plummet amidst government efforts to reallocate resources, and adjust policies to meet the needs of these schools, as well as efforts made by researchers to identify the causes of underperformance. The variances in performance exhibited by schools within this category, often within the same community, and with shared features indicate the need for further exploration of the phenomenon. This study examined three Quintile-1 (Q-1) schools within a particular informal settlement in Cape Town using the Capability Approach (CA) pioneered by the economist and philosopher, Amartya Sen as a conceptual framework to understand the nature of learner performance. An investigation was undertaken in the three Q-1 schools using a qualitative research paradigm. The investigation was underpinned by the constructs of the CA which include; Freedoms, Unfreedoms, Capabilities, Conversion, and Functionings. These components were used in the investigation to understand the nature of learner performance in the schools, and how each of these constructs influenced the gap between available resources and learner performance. This approach was guided by the assumption that these schools accumulate a similar amount of resources, face similar challenges and have learners from similar backgrounds. The investigation revealed that capability limitations and unfreedoms interplay to limit learner abilities to learn and perform. As such, a framework is proposed for understanding learner performance in a Q-1 school community via the capability sets of Amartya Sen. The findings of the study reveal that learner capabilities, as well as their abilities to perform, were limited by existing unfreedoms present in the school community where role players are challenged to convert resources into valued functionings. Notable was the fact that learner backgrounds and circumstances contributed to unfreedoms experienced in the classrooms. The findings also reveal that efforts made through the reallocation of resources are under pressure, because of the plethora of factors at play in the community, the school and the Department of Basic Education. The study emphasizes the usefulness of the CA in educational spaces, considering its importance in the understanding of significant variables that are often neglected in performance discourses, with a focus on the explication of capability sets.

A criminalidade é fonte geradora de externalidades negativas para economia e geradora de perda de bem estar social sob vários aspectos. Estudos no Brasil tem abordado com maior freqüência os custos diretos da criminalidade em termos de perdas patrimoniais e de capital humano com crimes. Este trabalho traz uma contribuição adicional com a análise da efetividade de quatro políticas públicas distintas implementadas em municípios paulistas a partir da segunda metade da década de noventa. Além da melhora de aspectos sócio-econômicos, os municípios paulistas perceberam que podem implementar políticas de segurança complementares ao trabalho estadual e federal para contenção da violência. Disque Denúnica, Lei Seca, Guardas Municipais e Secretaria de Segurança Pública Municipal são exemplos de políticas de segurança implementadas nos municípios paulistas e que se mostraram, em alguns casos, efetivas para o controle dos diferentes tipos de crimes. São utilizadas estimações em cross section e em forma de painel com variáveis de intervenção (dummies) para cada política de segurança e são avaliados os efeitos sobre o grupo de municípios tratado vis-á-vis o grupo de municípios de controle para avaliar o efeito de cada uma das políticas e sob quais crimes agem de forma mais efetiva. / Crime generates negative externalities to economy and low welfare for society. Papers in Brazil treat with high frequency direct criminality costs, focusing in patrimonial losses and human resource losses. This article tries to contribute with the analysis of four municipal security policy effects. Those polices were implemented in São Paulo?s districts on 1990´s second half. More than better economic and social conditions the São Paulo?s districts show that complementar security policy could help to decrease the criminal occurrences in some cases. Disque Denúncia, Lei Seca, Guarda Municipal and Secretaria de Segurança Municipal are the four policies that were tested in this article. Cross section and panel data methods were estimated to measure the effect of different securities policy to reduce crime in districts that implemented such kind of policy. Such methods are using to measure the effects of each policy to reduce criminality and test each kind of crime is better contained by such policies.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11633_Versão Final Dissertação de Mestrado 12 abril 2018.pdf: 1624535 bytes, checksum: 253598453ceda468bebfb369f560e72b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-21 / O Movimento Estudantil (ME) é um ator social de grande importância no debate de políticas públicas de transporte. Com esta visão, este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve por objetivo compreender os movimentos orgânicos e reivindicatórios dos estudantes enquanto atores sociais no processo de formação de políticas públicas de transporte na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV), por meio da utilização de estratégias políticas. Para embasar teoricamente esta pesquisa são apresentados conceitos sobre formação de políticas públicas, participação social, recursos de poder e estratégias políticas. De maneira a compreender a evolução das bandeiras do ME e identificar suas estratégias políticas, procedeu-se a coleta e tratamento dos dados primários e secundários. A coleta de dados primários se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e secundários por pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, que buscou elucidar o problema proposto sobre como se dá a utilização das estratégias políticas pelo ME na formação de políticas públicas de transporte na RMGV. Após as análises, são identificados os momentos de crise ocorridos em 2011, 2013 e 2015 que serviram de pano de fundo a atuação do ME. Em relação aos atores sociais envolvidos em políticas públicas de transporte na RMGV, foram identificados e analisados seus recursos de poder e suas estratégias políticas. Verificou-se que o movimento estudantil utiliza-se principalmente de estratégias conflitivas, e que seus objetivos nem sempre são alcançados. Portanto, a partir da perspectiva da linha de pesquisa em Gestão de Operações no Setor Público, que busca compreender a importância da qualidade nas operações de serviços e estuda a importância do planejamento no setor público por meio de elaboração de projetos, foram apresentadas, como produto final deste trabalho, proposições que visam indicar ao ME formas alternativas de acesso aos recursos de poder e uso de estratégias políticas para empoderamento dos estudantes enquanto atores sociais e melhor efetividade na formação de políticas públicas de transporte na RMGV. Palavras chave: Políticas Públicas. Movimento Estudantil. Recursos de Poder. Estratégias Políticas.

In this paper, we assess the role of policies aimed at regulating the number and age structure of elections on the size and age structure of five European Academies of Sciences. We show the recent pace of ageing and the degree of variation in policies across them and discuss the implications of different policies on the size and age structure of academies. We also illustrate the potential effect of different election regimes (regimens? types?) (fixed vs. linked) and age structures of elections (younger vs. older) by contrasting the steady-state dynamics of different projections of Full Members in each academy into 2070 and measuring the size and age-compositional effect of changing a given policy relative to a status quo policy scenario. Our findings suggest that academies with linked intake (i.e., where the size of the academy below a certain age is fixed and the number of elections is set to the number of members becoming that age) may be a more efficient approach to curb growth without suffering any aging trade-offs relative to the faster growth of academies electing a fixed number of members per year. We further discuss the implications of our results in the context of stable populations open to migration.

Assuming that Africa is serious in its intent to become a developed role player in the global world, then information and the way in which it is managed is of critical concern. This study is inter alia informed by the need for an interdisciplinary, holistic approach to information management integrating relevant aspects and characteristics of human beings as well as aspects of the life and culture, economy and ecology of a community with sustainable development, and by the notion that information is a crucial resource in development projects. The study responds to the acute need for trained information managers/agents in development projects and aims to develop an information management model to be used in development projects in Africa. Chapter one identifies the problem to be investigated, the objectives to be attained, the research methodology to be followed, and the significance of research into development in Africa. This is placed within a theoretical framework focusing on managing information flows in developing communities. Chapter two focuses on the present status of development policies and conditions in Africa. It seeks to facilitate understanding of current development initiatives, particularly where these relate to information management and its interrelationship with coordinating development agencies such as the African Union, NEPAD and the Africa Peer Review Mechanism. The importance of information management as a holistic approach to long-term sustainable development in Africa is highlighted. Chapter three focuses on information management as a core concept in development. The basic management activities of the proposed integrated and multidisciplinary model for information management are described. The use of organisational development theory in a community context is proposed as a means to integrate project management principles with the needs of communities affected by development processes and projects, so as enable communities to accept development and change. The need for awareness of socio-cultural tensions emerging in communities during development processes is discussed in Chapter four. Reference is made to sixteen cultural elements guiding the activities in communities and influencing development and/or information, as well as the interaction between these during development and change processes. In this, human development is defined as a process of personal change, growth and advancement through processes involving the acquisition of knowledge, development of the capability to make decisions and to participate in the activities of a community. Chapter five proposes a three-part model for information management in development, which serves as a holistic, integrated and multi-disciplinary tool for information managers and agents in development projects in Africa. The model proposes three categories of (circular) information flow during development process to ensure an all-stakeholder focus, namely, (i) initiation and introduction of the development project, (ii) strategy and management information (iii) facilitation of consultation processes in the communities with subsequent inclusion of local and indigenous knowledge. The chapter indicates that the facilitation of the circular flow of information is a main responsibility of the information manager. Chapter six evaluates the contribution of the study and identifies new opportunities to further the objectives of this study. Copyright 2007, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bester, BC 2007, A proposed multi-disciplinary and integrated model for managing the flow of information in development projects in Africa, MIS dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04212008-082240 / > / Dissertation (MIS (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Information Science / unrestricted

In the first essay using a sample of 3437 U.S. companies over the period 1992-2014, I demonstrate that international business activities of newly listed firms influence their corporate policies. Specifically, firms earning foreign pre-tax income at an early phase of their growth and development have higher investment and a higher propensity to acquire. I show that cash holdings are lower for firms involved in foreign activities, supportive of Duchin’s (2010) coinsurance theory. Further, CEOs of globally diversified firms have less pay-for-performance sensitivity than those of purely domestic firms. The second essay examines the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX, 2002) on excess valuation calculated with the “chop shop” approach, which is typically used to measure the diversification discount. The results indicate a significant drop in excess valuation after SOX for both pure-play and multi-segment companies. Additional investigation of the calculation methodology and a difference-in-differences model show no distinction in this impact between un-accelerated and accelerated companies. There is no evidence to support that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act leads firms to diversify or focus. I run several robustness tests by including 2003 observations, creating a 2000-2006 subsample, excluding geographic segments. Finally, when in a firm's life would it fit for it to become involved in global strategies? What are the important influences on the decisions of young and mature firms to go international? I answer these questions in the third essay by examining the determinants that affect the choices of born-globals (BGs) and born-again globals (BaGs) to expand worldwide. My study is based on pre-existent theories of diversification, and I place specific emphasis on the conceivable role of peer influence and the motivation or desire for growth. I further study the entrenchment, the idiosyncratic risk, and the innovation caliber hypothesis. My results document that innovation efficiency strongly enhances BG’s propensity to global diversify. On the other hand, peer pressure, CEO ownership and idiosyncratic risk level significantly influence BGs not to globalize. In contrast, BaGs are positively influenced by their industry peers, showing how competition works in the financial markets for youthful versus mature companies.