Foreign policy has generally speaking been the traditional ‘responsibility of national governments’. This is particularly true of states with unitary systems of governments but is less true in federalist states.Federalist states are states which have adopted a system of government whereby ‘powers are divided and shared between constituent governments and a general government having certain nation-wide’ responsibilities’. Federalism is often adopted by pluralistic societies to ensure a system of uniformity while accommodating differences and to maintain national security and economic unity. By their nature, federalist states share responsibilities and powers between the central and constituent units. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010. / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Nico Steytler, Faculty of Law, University of Western Cape, South Africa. 2010 / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

The aim of the research is the statistical modelling of parametric survival distributions of grouped survival data of long- and shortterm policies in the insurance industry, by means of a method of maximum likelihood estimation subject to constraints. This methodology leads to explicit expressions for the estimates of the parameters, as well as for approximated variances and covariances of the estimates, which gives exact maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. This makes direct extension to more complex designs feasible. The statistical modelling offers parametric models for survival distributions, in contrast with non-parametric models that are used commonly in the actuarial profession. When the parametric models provide a good fit to data, they tend to give more precise estimates of the quantities of interest such as odds ratios, hazard ratios or median lifetimes. These estimates form the statistical foundation for scientific decisionmaking with respect to actuarial design, maintenance and marketing of insurance policies. Although the methodology in this thesis is developed specifically for the insurance industry, it may be applied in the normal context of research and scientific decision making, that includes for example survival distributions for the medical, biological, engineering, econometric and sociological sciences. / Dissertation (PhD (Mathematical Statistics))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / unrestricted

The energy system is today facing a major double issue: the shrinking of easily accessible and cheap fossil resources on the upstream side, and climate change on the downstream side. Energy policies must integrate this double physical constraint, as well as other physical limits, and have a long time and a global horizon, in order to anticipate and avoid a future energy and climate crisis that could be dramatic to society. However, politics tend to focus on other aspects (satisfying immediate social desires for instance).This report hence discusses options available to allow for a better consideration of physical constraints in energy policies design. As they strongly rely on energy scenarios, it appears that energy policy makers need a more transparent and didactic frame for scenario design and analysis. That is why The Shift Project has been developing an original, transparent and pedagogical energy scenario modeling tool, Rogeaulito, which is intended to highlight physical constraints. By developing narratives (quantified stories) and organizing and animating workshops with policy makers, using Rogeaulito, it is possible to convey messages and knowledge about the energy system and issues, and improve the policy making process. Nevertheless, policy makers remain subject to socio-political influences and to self-interest concerns, which can prevent them from making socially optimal choices on the long term. Therefore, the civil society as a whole must be included in a continuous and coherent debate to improve the common understanding of energy issues, of the (physical, cultural and psychological) obstacles to solving them and of concrete consequences of the possible choices. It will then be possible to give a democratic, legitimate and collaborative orientation to long term energy policies. At the end, it appears that a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, involving physics, environmental science, economics, technology, sociology, political science and psychology is required to finally produce energy policies appropriate in order to face the issues mentioned above.

People have shown a tendency to move throughout history and Europe is mostly the centre for mass immigration. However integrating immigrants in the EU and its Member States have been making waves in most political debates despite the many efforts put by the EU and its Member States to create concrete strategies and policies for integration. Therefore this study seeks to understand how integration policies are structured and how these immigrants perceive and experience integration. This is vital especially since the EU and Sweden advocate for an all-inclusive society for everyone. Targeting the Afro-Swede community in Sweden, the research uses case-study research design. Doing qualitative research by using critical discourse (CDA), WPR approach by Carol Bacchi and conducting zoom interviews the data for this research was collected and analysed to give an in-depth understanding of the problem at hand. The findings of this study revealed that integration responsibility from the standpoint of the EU is placed totally on the Member States whereas in Sweden the responsibility lies much more on the immigrants. From the interviews it can be seen that there is some lack of reciprocity which integration as intended by the EU seeks to achieve. The analysis shows that integrating immigrants into Sweden was solely backed by economic reasons and the results also reveal that the State is just a provider of facilities and the immigrants are left on a one-way road when integrating.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfiment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Community Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2009 / This study which sought to understand the psychological wellbeing of bereaved employees and the support they receive within their working environment used a convenient sample of 209 participants that included bereaved employees, managers, supervisors and human resource officers from various organisations in the province of Kwa Zulu-Natal. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized in this study. Findings showed that: (a) At times bereaved employees were not well supported when resuming work after the funeral. (b) Support offered before the funeral was sufficiently adequate in the majority of Organisations but still warrants improvement. (c) Some bereaved employees who developed complicated grief did not receive adequate psychological intervention that they deserve. (d) Mostly feelings of disturbances interfered with job performance. (e) The current Family Responsibility leave was inadequate for those bereaved employees whose culture demanded more days to cope with bereavement rituals. (f) The Employment Assistance Programmes that most organisations depend on were largely ineffective in dealing with bereaved employees who need counselling or psychotherapy. The implication of the findings pointed to a need for organisations to have clear bereavement policies and support programmes for bereaved employees.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, 2017 / The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Technical and Vocational Education and Training colleges’ NCV curriculum structure complies with the national strategy and policy stipulations in offering WBE for students. The CASE study was conducted at the Umfolozi TVET College, specifically on two campuses of the college in northern KwaZulu-Natal. The NCV programmes were earmarked for the study, as its curriculum covers the workplace-based education (WBE) component. This study used purposive sampling to identify the sample size of 21, which comprised of two campus managers, six senior lecturers and thirteen WBE champions. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed in the study. The findings of this study reveal that the college management do not give necessary support to the implementers on the ground to carry out the WBE programme. It was also discovered that the college management seem not to understand their role in ensuring compliance with regard to the WBE implementation. It was evident that, there is a need not only to maintain strong ties with existing host employers, but also to ensure that new host employers are recruited to help address the shortage of them. It was evident from the findings that a number of respondents were not aware of the policies guiding the implementation of WBE. The results indicate that there is no regular training provided for implementers of WBE, such as the WBE champions. There is no clearness in the way the WBE budget is administered, and no proper planning of the budget (which is not administered on sites, but controlled centrally), and no workable plan in place to manage finances. The study recommends that there should be a clear vision for the implementation of WBE, and that vision should be clearly communicated to all role players to ensure effective implementation of the programme.

Consumption data for different forest products were calculated for nine years (1962 to 1970). Then, taking consumption as a function of per capita disposable income and population, mathematical models were developed. By regressing per capita consumption of each product on per capita disposable income and determining the corresponding coefficients, the per capita demand for the products in the target years was calculated. The total projected demand was then computed by the products of per capita consumption and population in the target years. Through regression analysis the future import of forest products was projected, and import substitution possibilities were discussed. Finally, on the basis of the questionnaire and fi eld experience, the necessary changes in sale policies and other factors leading to the development of the marketing of forest products were introduced.

In the last two decades, many firms in the U.S. forest products industry have either divested their timberlands or converted their corporate structures from C corporations to real estate investment trusts (REITs). This study hypothesizes that this large-scale timberland ownership change affects the financial performance of firms involved in divestitures and on timber supply and, as a result, the economic surplus of producers and consumers in the U.S. timber markets. These issues have not been adequately addressed in existing literature. Event analysis and equilibrium displacement models were employed to address firm financial performance in the capital markets and welfare implications in U.S. timber markets, respectively. The capital markets responded to divestiture events by significantly improving buying firms’ and REITs’ market value. Annual average timberland ownership changes resulted in a net reduction of timber supply which, in turn, caused total social surplus to decrease by $43 million on annual rate of timberland ownership change basis. Compared to over $33 billion U.S. timber markets, this surplus reduction was small. Thus, this study helps justify timberland ownership change decisions and explains the nature and extent of surplus shifts among producers and consumers when timberlands change hands.

Inventory control problems constitute one of the most important research problems due to their connection with real life applications. Naturally, real life is full of uncertainty so are the most of the inventory problems. Unfortunately, it is a very challenging task to manage inventories effectively especially under uncertainty. This dissertation mainly deals with single-item, periodic review, and stochastic dynamic inventory control problems particularly on replenishment cycle control rule known as the (R, S) policy. Contribution of this thesis is multiold. In each chapter a particular research question is investigated. At the end of the day, we will be showing that non-stationary (R, S) policies are indispensable not only for its cost efficiency but its effectiveness and practicality. More specifically, the non-stationary (R, S) policy provides a convenient, efficient, effective, and modular solution for non-stationary stochastic inventory control problems.

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