Το φυσικό προϊόν αρτεμισινίνη και τα παράγωγά της αποτελούν σήμερα φάρμακα επιλογής για την αντιμετώπιση της ελονοσίας ενώ πολλά απ’αυτά παρουσιάζουν και ιδιαίτερα σημαντική αντικαρκινική δράση. Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας έγινε χημική τροποποίηση του μορίου της αρτεμισινίνης, προκειμένου να συντεθούν διμερή συζεύγματά της με πολυαμίνες (πουτρεσκίνη, σπερμιδίνη, σπερμίνη). Αρχικά, η αρτεμισινίνη τροποποιήθηκε κατάλληλα έτσι ώστε, να φέρει συνδέτη με δεσμό C-O (10-oxo) στη θέση-10, προκειμένου στη συνέχεια να προσδεθεί στις πολυαμίνες μέσω δεσμού ουρεθάνης. Για το λόγο αυτό, συντέθηκε το ενεργοποιημένο ανάλογο(10-oxo , το οποίο μετά από αντίδραση με τις κατάλληλα προστατευμένες πολυαμίνες, έδωσαν τα διμερή συζεύγματα της αρτεμισινίνης 66-68. Επιπλέον, για προκαταρκτικές μελέτες βιολογικής δράσης, συντέθηκε ένα ασύμμετρο σύζευγμα της αρτεμισινίνης με το αντικαρκινικό χλωραμβουκίλη (69), χρησιμοποιώντας το 10-oxo ενεργοποιημένο ανάλογο και την πουτρεσκίνη ως πολυαμίνη. Όλα τα παραπάνω συζεύγματα, βρίσκονται στο στάδιο της αποτίμησης της βιολογικής τους δράσης, από συνεργαζόμενο εργαστήριο έναντι καρκινικών σειρών HL60. / The natural product Artemisinin and its derivatives are currently the drugs of choice for the treatment of malaria, with a large number of them showing important anticancer activity as well. In the context of the present dissertation, one chemical modification of artemisinin was accomplished towards the synthesis of several Artemisinin dimer conjugates with polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine). Initially, artemisinin was modified at the 10- position, in order to synthesize analogue bearing suitable linkers, through C-O (10-oxo) bond, able to form urethane bonds with amino groups of polyamines. For this purpose, the activated intermediate(10-oxo) was synthesized, which upon reaction with suitably protected polyamines afforded the Artemisinin symmetric conjugates 66-68. In addition, for the sake of preliminary biological evaluation a new asymmetric conjugate (69) consisted of an 10-oxo Artemisinin and a chlorambucil moiety, using putrescine as a polyamine-type linker, was synthesized. All above conjugates are now under biological evaluation as anticancer agents, against HL60 cancer cells, by a collaborating research group. Further studies are underway, in order to evaluate the biological activity of the aforementioned analogues as antimalarials.

In all mammalian species examined thus far, the ovaries produce a burst of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and putrescine during ovulation or after application of a bolus of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Aged mice are deficient in this peri-ovulatory ODC and putrescine burst. Moreover, peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation in aged mice increases egg quality and reduces miscarriage rates. These studies suggest that peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation may be a simple and effective therapy for reproductive aging for women. However, putrescine has never been used in humans and, currently no pure source of putrescine is suitable for human trials. Given that ODC is highly expressed in the ovaries during ovulation but otherwise exhibits low activity in most tissues, we hypothesized that L-ornithine, the substrate of ODC, might be a better alternative. In this study, we have demonstrated that systemic application of L-ornithine increased ovarian putrescine levels; the increase was restricted to animals that had been injected with hCG. Furthermore, L-ornithine specifically increased ovarian putrescine levels without affecting putrescine levels in most other tissues. Unfortunately, thus far peri-ovulatory L-ornithine supplementation in mouse drinking water produced mixed effects on reproductive outcome in aged mice. Therefore, our studies demonstrated the potential of L-ornithine supplementation as a possible therapy for aging-related infertility, but further work is required to produce an effective application method.

The aim of this thesis was to determine the content of biogenic amines and polyamines, specifically putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) in mutton meat during storage and heat treatment. The meat of slaughter animals is rich in these amines but, unfortunately, data on the content of mutton meat whether in slaughter bodies as well as during storage or heat treatments in the literature are still missing. The samples were provided by small farmers and the animals were hybrids of several breeds. The samples were taken from the thigh and back. The samples of lamb meat were frozen and the ones were watched from 0-6 months. The samples of leg were cooled and packed into three different types of packaging. It was the type of packaging in a polyethylene bag (PE), vacuum packed (VP) and controlled atmosphere packaging (MAP). All the samples were analyzed in the days and also on the initial concentration at day 0. For frozen and cooled (chilled) samples which were stored in PE and VP was observed the decrease in all monitored amines. Only the packaging in MAP occurred in the SPD to a slight increase over the initial content. From heat treatments were performed usual preparations of the meals which are made in central Europe and the meals were cooked on particular days. The highest decrease was measured in roasted meat, then stewed and cooked meat in this order. Reported data are comparable to published data for pork and beef meat stored under the same or similar conditions. I think that these data can help to extend the data in the literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1243805 bytes, checksum: 3c8248afdd915bfc2ff4163ea2ee6cdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-21 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The present study was conducted to evaluate possible interactions between ethylene and polyamines levels upon in vitro morphogenesis of two passion fruit species (Passiflora cincinnata Masters and P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener, population FB-100). Hypocotyl-derived segments (average 10 mm length) were cultivated in MS-based medium, with B5 vitamin complex, 30 g.L-1 sucrose, 100 mg.L-1 myo-inositol, 10% (v/v) coconut water, 0,5 mg.L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) ), and solidified with 2.5 g L-1 Phytagel®. Ethylene and polyamines were assayed at different times in culture (3, 6, 9, 12, and 30 d). Aiming to characterize the shoot-buds differentiation histological analyses were performed with previous fixation of the samples in FAA 50%. The effects of ethylene inhibitor, promoter and scavenger (aminoethoxyvinilglycine AVG, silver tiosulfate STS, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ACC, and mercury perchlorate- MP, respectively), polyamines (spermine, spermidine and putrescine) and its inhibitor (methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone - MGBG) were also analysed. A delayed organogenic response occurred in explants of P. edulis f. flavicarpa as compared to P. cincinnata, though coincident with a delayed detection of ethylene and polyamine in cultures of the former. Similar morphogenic responses were observed in explants cultured onto AVG- or MPsupplemented medium, whereas ACC-treated cultures impaired organogenic responses. Polyamine-supplemented cultures displayed morphogenic responses similar to those from control treatment. However, MGBG similarly to ACC lessened the morphogenic responses. Interestingly, explants at redifferentiation stages displayed high expansion and elongation rates, linked to elevated ethylene and polyamine, suggesting that competition between their biosynthetic pathways is highly regulated and plastic, and that these interactions may play a key role in differentiation process. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar as possíveis interrelações entre etileno e poliaminas sobre a capacidade morfogênica de explantes de hipocótilo de duas espécies de maracujazeiro (Passiflora cincinnata Masters e Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener população FB-100). Explantes de hipocótilo retirados de plântulas germinadas in vitro foram cultivados em meio contendo sais MS, complexo vitamínico B5, 30 g.L-1 de sacarose, 100 mg.L-1 de inositol, 10% (v/v) de água de coco, 0,5 mg.L-1 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e solidificado com 2,5 g.L-1 de Phytagel. Os níveis de etileno e poliaminas foram mensurados ao longo do período de indução da organogênese. Concomitantemente, foi realizada a histologia com a fixação do material vegetal em F.A.A. 50% e acompanhamento da ontogênese das gemas adventícias, de forma a se caracterizar os diferentes eventos envolvidos na rediferenciação celular e a regulação dos níveis de poliaminas e etileno. Também foram realizados tratamentos com inibidores (aminoetoxivinilglicina AVG, tiossulfato de prata - STS), seqüestrador (perclorato de mercúrio PM) e promotor da produção de etileno (ácido 1-carboxílico 1-aminociclopropano - ACC), além da adição de poliaminas (putrescina, espermidina e espermina) e de seu inibidor (metilglioxal-bis-guanil hidrazona MGBG) ao meio de cultivo. Foi observado atraso nas respostas morfogênicas em P. edulis f. flavicarpa em comparação com P. cincinnata, sendo coincidente com o atraso observado nas concentrações de poliaminas e etileno mensurados naquela espécie. As respostas morfogênicas dos explantes foram semelhantes nos tratamentos com inibidores e seqüestrador, sendo observado comprometimento da organogênese apenas no meio de cultivo com adição isolada de ACC. Nos tratamentos com poliaminas não foi observada diferença em relação ao tratamento controle. Todavia, o tratamento com MGBG apresentou respostas semelhantes àquele com ACC levando à redução da resposta morfogênica. Observou-se que culturas em estádios de rediferenciação, caracterizadas por apresentarem altas taxas de expansão e alongamento, apresentaram níveis elevados de etileno associados a altos níveis de poliaminas, sugerindo que a competição entre as duas rotas biossintéticas é altamente regulada e plástica, e que a interação seria a peça chave para a definição da diferenciação.

With more than 12 million people affected worldwide, 2 million new cases occurring per year, and the rapid emergence of drug resistance and treatment failure, leishmaniasis is an infectious disease for which research on drug and vaccine development, hostpathogen, and vector-parasite interactions are current international priorities. Polyamines are important regulators of growth and differentiation in a variety of cells, including parasitic protozoa. The inhibition of parasitic biosynthesis by polyamines has been an interesting chemotherapeutic approach in the design of novel antiparasitic drugs against mainly leishmaniasis. In this work we evaluate the in vitro effect of N-dodecyl- 1,2-ethanediamine (GUT) on morphology and replication of Leishmania. A concentration of 0.31 μg/ml of this compound was highly effective against Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania chagasi and no toxicity against mammalian cell lines as well HFF, THP-1, J774.G8 or murine peritoneal cells was observed. So, there was inhibition of multiplication of the L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. chagasi amastigotes into inflammatory peritoneal cells in presence of 1 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml of this compound. Promastigotes form of L. amazoneneis it was with intracellular disorganization by transmission electron microscope observation following 1 to 24 h of treatment with GUT. Thus, N-dodecyl-1,2-ethanediamine shown be a promising drug against Leishmania. / Leishmaniose é uma doença infecciosa que afeta mais de 12 milhões de pessoas em todo mundo. Com mais de 2 milhões de novos casos por ano e falhas no tratamento há o surgimento de resistência às drogas. Como prioridades são realizadas pesquisas relacionadas ao ciclo de vida do parasito, interação com o hospedeiro, desenvolvimento de vacinas e novas drogas. A inibição da biossíntese do parasito por poliaminas tem sido uma importante abordagem quimioterápica no desenvolvimento de novas drogas contra leishmaniose. As poliaminas são importantes reguladores do crescimento e diferenciação em vários tipos celulares incluindo protozoários. Nesse trabalho avaliamos in vitro o efeito do composto N-dodecil-1,2- etanodiamina (GUT) na susceptibilidade de diferentes espécies de Leishmania sp. A concentração de 0,31 μg/ml foi altamente eficiente contra Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis e Leishmania chagasi, entretanto em diferentes células de mamíferos (THP-1, HFF, macrófagos murinos J774.G8 e macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos) a mesma citoxicidade não foi observada. A inibição nos índices de multiplicação e infecção de amastigotas de L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis e L. chagasi em macrófagos peritoneais foi observada na presença das concentrações de 1Ug/ml e 0,5Ug/ml de (GUT). Formas promastigotas de L. amazonensis mostraram diversas alterações ultraestruturais por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão causada pelo tratamento com o composto Ndodecil- 1,2- etanodiamina. O composto N-dodecil-1,2- etanodiamina mostrou ser um novo composto promissor contra a leishmaniose. / Mestre em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2601933 bytes, checksum: 9774a77bdb4923c6922bc2f4f25f4a68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Polyamines are aliphatic organic bases belonging to the group of bioactive amines that have important metabolic and physiological functions in animals, plants and microorganisms. Amongst the most important polyamines biologically are spermidine [N-(3-aminopropyl) -1,4-butane diamine or tetramethylene diamine-aminopropyl] (SPD) and spermine [N, N'-bis (3-aminopropyl) -1,4-butane diamine or diaminopropil-tetramethylethylenediamine] (SPM). Polyamines are intimately involved in the growth and replication of many cell types, and it has been demonstrated that they are found in high concentrations in rapid growing cells. It is possible that substances such as naphthoquinones, which can react with polyamines have the ability to block its function by depleting its concentration. The direct detection of polyamines by HPLC with UV detection is hampered because they lack structural groups with high molar absorptivity. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a chromatographic method using fluorescence detection that could be applied for quantifying the cellular levels of polyamines in cell cultures based on the following parameters: selectivity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The polyamines were derivatized pre-column with dansyl chloride and were detected by fluorescence (ex= 365 nm; em= 510 nm) using a chromatographic method using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (35-95 v/v), a reversed-phase C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min., in 35 minutes. The chromatographic method was validated according to Resolution 899 recommended by the National Sanitary Agency of Brazil (ANVISA), and was linear in the concentration range used for SPD (0.0097 to 0.97 pmol/mL) and SPM ( 0.074 to 0.74 pmol/mL), precise (≤ 15% for medium and high concentrations, ≤ 20% for the low concentration), exact for SPD (97-118%) and SPM (92-119%), It also showed selectivity (demonstrated by separation of polyamines and proteins present in cell culture medium). The developed method was also applied to the analysis of polyamines incubated with the naphtoquinones (lapachol and β-lapachone). The concentration of these polyamines was depleted when incubated for 17 hours at ambient temperature (decrease of 67% and 50% for SPD and SPM levels respectively when incubated with lapachol and a decrease of 44% and 37,5% for SPD eand SPM when incubated with β-lapachona). These results demonstrate that the developed method is adequate for the analysis of polyamines in cell culture and that a probable mechanism of antitumoral action for the naphtoquinones may involve the formation of adducts with polyamines / Poliaminas são bases orgânicas alifáticas pertencentes às aminas bioativas que desempenham importantes funções metabólicas e fisiológicas em animais, vegetais e microrganismos. As mais importantes biologicamente são a espermidina [N-(3-aminopropil)-1,4-butano diamina ou aminopropil-tetrametilenodiamina] (SPD) e a espermina [N,N -bis(3-aminopropil)-1,4-butano diamina ou diaminopropil-tetrametilenodiamina] (SPM). Estão intimamente envolvidas no crescimento e replicação de diversos tipos de células, e em especial encontra-se em altas concentrações em células exibindo crescimento rápido. É possível que substâncias tais como as naftoquinonas, que possam reagir com as poliaminas, tenham a capacidade de bloquear as suas funções pela depleção de sua concentração. A sua detecção direta é dificultada por não possuírem grupos que apresentam alta absortividade molar. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um método cromatográfico, utilizando detecção por fluorescência que possa ser aplicado a quantificação do nível celular de poliaminas em cultura de células tumorais com base nos seguintes parâmetros: seletividade, linearidade, precisão e exatidão e investigar a formação de adutos com naftoquinonas. Para tanto derivatizou-se as poliaminas fora do sistema cromatográfico (pré-coluna) com cloreto de dansila, formando derivados dansilados que foram detectados por fluorescência (ex= 365 nm; em= 510 nm). A separação se deu por eluição em modo gradiente, utilizando como fase móvel metanol:água (35-95 v/v), uma coluna de fase reversa C-18 (250 x 4,6 mm, 5μm) a um fluxo de 1,0 mL/min, em 35 minutos. O método cromatográfico desenvolvido foi validado segundo o preconizado na Resolução 899 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), e mostrou-se sensível, linear na faixa de concentração utilizada para SPD (97-970 pmol/mL) e para SPM (74-740 pmoL/mL), preciso (≤ 15% para as concentrações média e alta; ≤ 20% para a concentração baixa), exato para SPD (91-112%) e para SPM (92-119%), mostrando-se também seletivo (frente a separação das poliaminas e as proteínas presentes no meio de cultivo celular). O método desenvolvido foi ainda aplicado à análise das poliaminas incubadas com as naftoquinonas (lapachol e β-lapachona), e observou-se que a concentração dessas aminas foi depletada quando incubadas por 17 horas a temperatura ambiente com as naftoquinonas (diminuição de 67% e 50% dos níveis de SPD e SPM respectivamente quando incubadas com o lapachol; e diminuição de 44% e 37,5% de SPD e SPM quando incubadas com β-lapachona). Esses resultados mostram que o método desenvolvido é adequado para análise de poliaminas em cultura de células tumorais e que um provável mecanismo de ação antitumoral das naftoquinonas pode envolver a formação de adutos entre estas e as poliaminas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are important endogenous regulators of ion channels, such as vanilloid (TRPV1), glutamatergic (NMDA or AMPA/kainate) and acid-sensitive (ASIC) receptors. In the present study, it was investigated the possible nociceptive effect induced by polyamines and the mechanisms involved in this nociception in vivo and in vitro. The subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of capsaicin, spermine, spermidine or putrescine produced nociception with ED50 of 0.16 (0.07-0.39) nmol/paw, 0.4 (0.2-0.7) μmol/paw, 0.3 (0.1-0.9) μmol/paw and 3.2 (0.9-11.5) μmol/paw, respectively. The antagonists of NMDA (MK801, 1 nmol/paw), AMPA/kainate (DNQX, 1 nmol/paw) or ASIC receptors (amiloride, 100 nmol/paw) failed to reduce the spermine-trigged nociception. However, the TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine or SB366791 (1 nmol/paw) reduced spermine-induced nociception, with inhibition of 81±10 and 68±9%, respectively. The previous desensitization with resiniferatoxin (RTX) largely reduced the spermine-induced nociception and TRPV1 expression in the sciatic nerve, with reductions of 82±9% and 67±11%, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of spermine (100 nmol/paw) and RTX (0.005 fmol/paw), in doses which alone were not capable of inducing nociception, produced nociceptive behaviors. Moreover, different concentrations of spermine (3-300 μM) enhanced the specific binding of [3H]-RTX to TRPV1 receptor. Altogether, polyamines produce spontaneous nociceptive effect through the stimulation of TRPV1, but not of ionotropic glutamate or ASIC receptors. / As poliaminas (putrescina, espermidina e espermina) são importantes reguladores endógenos de canais iônicos como o receptor vaniloide (TRPV1), os receptores glutamatérgicos (NMDA ou AMPA/cainato) e o canal iônico sensível ao ácido (ASIC). No presente estudo, investigou-se o possível efeito nociceptivo induzido por poliaminas e o mecanismo envolvido nesta nocicepção in vivo e in vitro. A injeção subcutânea (s.c.) de capsaicina, espermina, espermidina e putrescina produziram nocicepção com DE50 de 0,16 (0,07-0,39) nmol/pata, 0,4 (0,2-0,7) μmol/pata, 0,3 (0,1-0,9) μmol/pata e 3,2 (0,9-11,5) μmol/pata, respectivamente. Os antagonistas dos receptores NMDA (MK801, 1 nmol/pata), AMPA/cainato (DNQX, 1 nmol/pata) ou ASIC (amiloride, 100 nmol/pata) não reduziram a nocicepção induzida por espermina. Porém, os antagonistas do receptor TRPV1 capsazepina (1 nmol/pata) e SB366791 (10 nmol/pata) reduziram a nocicepção induzida por espermina, com inibições de 81±10 e 68±9%, respectivamente. A dessensibilização prévia com resiniferatoxina (RTX) reduziu a nocicepção induzida por espermina e a expressão de TRPV1 no nervo ciático, com reduções de 82±9% e 67±11%, respectivamente. Além disso, a combinação de espermina (1 nmol/pata) e RTX (0,005 fmol/pata), em doses que separadamente não são eficientes em induzir nocicepção, produziu comportamento nociceptivo. Finalmente, diferentes concentrações de espermina (3-300 μM) aumentaram a ligação específica de [3H]-RTX ao receptor TRPV1. Assim, os resultados demonstram que poliaminas produzem efeito nociceptivo espontâneo através da estimulação de receptor TRPV1, mas não de receptores glutamatérgicos ionotrópicos ou canal iônico sensível a ácido.

Castration and testosterone replacement therapy served as a model to assess anabolic activity in the rat. The present study was undertaken to examine more closely whether changes in cellular anabolic activity are reflected in subsequent alterations of urinary N1 -acetylspermidine excretion. A sensitive fluorometric assay was employed which utilized the dansylation reaction . The dansylated derivatives were quantitated by normal phase high pressure liquid chromatography. This assay system exhibited a range of linearity from 0.1 to 10 nanomoles which encompassed the physiological variability observed during analysis of urinary N1-acetyl spermidine. The normal level of N1-acetylspermidine excreted in rat urine was found to be 803.1 ± 208.9 nanomoles per day (mean ± 1 S.D.). In addition both N8-acetylspermidine and acetyl putrescine were detected, but not quantitated. Due to the high variability of the polyamine excretion, no statistically significant difference could be detected between castrated animals, castrated animals receiving testosterone, and sham operated animals. Still some trends were noted which were in agreement with the hypothesis that urinary excretion of polyamines may reflect the anabolic state of the animal. Further studies will be required to determine whether or not a correlation between anabolic activity and urinary excretion of acetylated polyamines exists.

Thorium is an element belonging to heavy metals, which is characterized by its radioactivity similarly to uranium and radon. Thorium is not commonly used in industry, but becouse of its radioactive properties it has a great potentional for future use in nuclear energetics. Thus, increasing release of Th into the soil, water and atmosphere can be expected in near future and through plant biomass it could become a part of food chains and webs and, thus, to represent a considerable health risks to humans. Studies devoted to research on thorium and its effects on plants has not been published much yet. The majority of these studies focus mainly only on plant abilities to accumulate thorium and/or monitoring distribution of thorium in plant body. But till now, a study is still missing, which would monitor the effect of thorium on the physiological characteristics of plants. Plants of Nicotiana glutinosa (L.) medium Thorium accumulatin were hydroponically cultivated Hoagland nutrient media differedin the presence of thorium, tartaric acid, putrescine and phosphates. In first part of the present study I monitored accumulation of thorium by tobacco plants under the influence of the above-mentioned modifications of media. In the second part, I studied the Th effect on the photosynthetic apparatus (contents...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle of current chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the effects ofpolyamines, acetylated polyamines and APAH, a polyamine deacetylase inhibitor, on LS180 cells and the derived MDR LS180 Ad-50 cells. L.ethal concentrations for 20% of the cells (LC20) for N8 -acetylspermidine (N8 - AcSPD) and SPD were 12.5 and 7 times greater for LS180 Ad-50 cells than for LS180 cells, respectively. However, there was no difference in LC20 levels for N1-AcSPD in LS180 and LS180 Ad-50 cells. Addition of 100 nM APAH to N8-AcSPD increased its LC20 to 17 foldgreater in MDR compared to non:·MDR cells. and resulted in increased cell growth at 5 μM N8-AcSPD. Furthermore, exposure to the LC20 concentrations of N8 -AcSPD for 48 hrs caused no significant change of intracellular Rhodamine (Rh) 123 concentrations. Adding 100 nM APAH to this N8 -AcSPD experiment led to a decrease of intracellular Rh123 concentration of 15-20% in both LS 180 and LS 180 Ad-50 cells. These Rh 123 concentrations further decreased in the presence of higher concentrations of APAH. Pretreatment of the cells with APAH did not affect these results. Kinetic studies suggest that APAH may be a non-competitive transport inhibitor of Rh123 transporter.