Die Arbeit hat das Ziel, auf der Grundlage der natürlichen Standortfaktoren die Entwicklung der Getreideproduktion zwischen den Jahren 1900 und 2000 aufzuzeigen. Dabei sollen die Betrachtungszeiträume historischen Ereignissen, die Rahmenbedingungen für die Produktion bilden, angepasst werden. Für die recht unterschiedlichen Zeiträume werden für die einzelnen Getreidearten die Erträge ermittelt und der jeweils erzielte lineare Ertragsanstieg errechnet. Daran schließt sich dann eine Darstellung des spezifischen Produktionsverfahrens an, um die Ursachen für den erzielten Ertragsanstieg in der jeweiligen Periode aufzuzeigen. Die Verfahrensanalyse erstreckt sich auf die Einordnung in die Fruchtfolge, die Bodenbearbeitung und Bestellung, sowie auf die Düngung, Pflege und Ernte. Die Maßnahmen des Pflanzenschutzes werden nur sehr allgemein im Rahmen der Pflege des Getreides behandelt und die Züchtung begrenzt sich auf erforderliche Hinweise im Rahmen der Ertragsentwicklung. Es werden mehr die Einflüsse der klassischen acker- und pflanzenbaulichen Maßnahmen auf die Getreideproduktion im genannten Zeitraum innerhalb bestimmter Perioden, für die gleichen Rahmenbedingungen gelten, analysiert. Grundlage bilden die langjährigen Angaben über die Erträge der Getreidearten, die im Statistischen Landesamt vorliegen und Veröffentlichungen in Form von Lehrbüchern und Artikeln in Fachzeitschriften des zurückliegenden Jahrhunderts. Gewisse Probleme bereitet die Differenzierung zwischen Erkenntnisfortschritt und tatsächlicher Anwendung in der Praxis. Bestehende Disproportionen werden besonders bei dem Vergleich von Empfehlungen und statistischen Angaben zur Düngung offensichtlich, um ein charakteristisches Beispiel zu nennen. In der Arbeit wird an den betreffenden Stellen darauf hingewiesen. Neben diesen Quellen wurden für Zeiten mit eingeschränkten Publikationsnachweisen noch ältere Landwirte als Zeitzeugen befragt. Dadurch konnten wesentliche Lücken geschlossen werden. Im Ergebnis der analytischen Betrachtung sollen Lösungen für die Getreideproduktion der kommenden Jahre in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern aufgezeigt werden. Dabei wird dem Getreideanbau auf den Grenzstandorten besondere Beachtung zugemessen. / The objective of this work is to demonstrate the development of cereal production between 1900 and 2000 based on natural site-specific factors. In so doing, the periods under consideration are to be studied in correlation with the historical events that formed the framework conditions for production. For each of the various periods, the yields for individual cereal types shall be determined and the respective linear increases in yield shall be calculated. This will be followed by a representation of specific production procedures in order to demonstrate the reasons for the increases in yield for each period. The procedural analysis will cover the categories of crop rotation, soil preparation and treatment, fertilisation, care of crops and harvesting. Crop protection measures will only be touched on generally as is relevant to the care of cereals, and the consideration of cultivation will be limited to necessary indications pertaining to yield development. The work shall, instead, focus on the analysis of the influences of traditional agricultural and horticultural measures on cereal production in the aforementioned period within certain timeframes in which the same framework conditions are present. The basis for this study is formed by several years' worth of data on various cereal yields available from the national statistics office as well as textbook publications and articles in trade publications from the previous century. Certain problems arise when differentiating between the acquisition of knowledge and the actual widespread application thereof. To name a typical example, existing disproportions become particularly obvious when comparing recommendations and statistical details for fertilisation. References shall be made to such discrepancies where appropriate. In addition to theses sources, older generation farmers have been polled as witnesses of time periods for which limited data was available in the form of publications. This approach enabled significant gaps in information to be filled. The objective of these analytical results is to indicate solutions for future cereal production in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Special consideration will be given to the cultivation of cereals in border locations.

Objective: Lower levels of anabolic hormones in older age are well documented. Several studies suggested that low insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) or testosterone levels were related to increased mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined influence of low IGF-I and low testosterone on all-cause mortality in men. Methods and results: From two German prospective cohort studies, the DETECT study and SHIP, 3942 men were available for analyses. During 21,838 person-years of follow-up, 8.4% (n = 330) of men died. Cox model analyses with age as timescale and adjusted for potential confounders revealed that men with levels below the 10th percentile of at least one hormone [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38 (95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.06–1.78), p = 0.02] and two hormones [HR 2.88 (95% CI 1.32–6.29), p < 0.01] showed a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to men with non-low hormones. The associations became non-significant by using the 20th percentile as cut-off showing that the specificity increased with lower cut-offs for decreased hormone levels. The inclusion of both IGF-I and total testosterone in a mortality prediction model with common risk factors resulted in a significant integrated discrimination improvement of 0.5% (95% CI 0.3–0.7%, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Our results prove that multiple anabolic deficiencies have a higher impact on mortality than a single anabolic deficiency and suggest that assessment of more than one anabolic hormone as a biomarker improve the prediction of all-cause mortality.

Objective: Lower levels of anabolic hormones in older age are well documented. Several studies suggested that low insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) or testosterone levels were related to increased mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined influence of low IGF-I and low testosterone on all-cause mortality in men. Methods and results: From two German prospective cohort studies, the DETECT study and SHIP, 3942 men were available for analyses. During 21,838 person-years of follow-up, 8.4% (n = 330) of men died. Cox model analyses with age as timescale and adjusted for potential confounders revealed that men with levels below the 10th percentile of at least one hormone [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38 (95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.06–1.78), p = 0.02] and two hormones [HR 2.88 (95% CI 1.32–6.29), p < 0.01] showed a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to men with non-low hormones. The associations became non-significant by using the 20th percentile as cut-off showing that the specificity increased with lower cut-offs for decreased hormone levels. The inclusion of both IGF-I and total testosterone in a mortality prediction model with common risk factors resulted in a significant integrated discrimination improvement of 0.5% (95% CI 0.3–0.7%, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Our results prove that multiple anabolic deficiencies have a higher impact on mortality than a single anabolic deficiency and suggest that assessment of more than one anabolic hormone as a biomarker improve the prediction of all-cause mortality.

Key Words Polabian Slavs, Polabian area, Obodrite, Populus, Gens, Nacio, State, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Obotritic confederation tribes Abstract The thesis analyses and interprets the key events in the state-forming process of so-called Obotritic confederation tribes in 789 - 1178. It focuses on the analysis of written sources, which serve as a basis for three models of inter-tribal units in Polabian area. The thesis argues against the traditional evolutionistic point of view, which considers the confederation tribes to be the predecessors of early medieval states. The main focus of the analysis is put on the starting point form which the Obotritic state-forming process originated. The main question is whether the Obodrite, upon their first appearance in written history, were more federation of tribes or one large tribe, whose break-up at the turn of 9th and 10th century started a new phase of the process. For the next period, the thesis introduces unique model of so-called tribal state, created by the combined effects of various factors, such as location, political situation, social changes in 11th and 12th century etc. The inner and outer factors that lead to the break-up of the Obotritic tribe state in 1270s are discussed in the same manner. The last part of the thesis is an analysis of later...

The purpose of this paper is to show the similarities between two authors, who both have been very successful in Italy and abroad. They are the 14th century writer Giovanni Boccaccio and the contemporary author Andrea Camilleri. I compare five short stories by Camilleri published in his books Gran circo Taddei and La regina di Pomerania and five short stories from Decameron. My aim is to show that they, although more than 600 years apart, have a common angle of approach when it comes to describing how women, seemingly subordinate and compliant, not rarely manage to achieve their aim even if it is trivial, low and not at all focused on changing the world. I also want to elucidate the fact that both writers not rarely let their female characters act as accomplices, that there is a female solidarity between them and that they seem to hav an energy and vigour that men seem to lack. The man on the other hand is often described as weak, as a false authority, who changes into a tool, a diversion in the hands of the woman. Besides this I make an analysis of the "false" short story by Boccaccio, Antonello da Palermo, written by Camilleri to see if it can fall into the genre of rewriting of classical works, which is typical of postmodernism, simply if it fulfills the criteria of such a rewriting.

This thesis examines the transmission of the idea of crusade to Poland and the subsequent Polish response to the idea of crusade in the twelfth century. It determines the key mechanisms by which the idea of crusade was transmitted to Poland and through an analysis of primary contemporary sources the thesis provides compelling evidence that the Polish elites were highly familiar with, and receptive to, the idea of crusade. Moreover, this thesis argues that the Poles were conscious participants in the crusades and undertook various crusading activities during the twelfth century. These findings are contrary to the established position in Polish historiography, and bring many sources to an English-speaking audience for the first time. / Through an examination of narrative sources this thesis demonstrates that the Polish elites were enthusiastic supporters of the idea of crusade within a decade of the First Crusade. This thesis shows that under the leadership of the Piast dynasty the Poles engaged in Christian holy war (proto-crusading): the conquest of Pomerania (1102–1128), contributed armies to three theatres of the Second Crusade (1147–1148), and launched major expeditions against the Prussian apostates (1166 and 1192). / This thesis identifies the influence of the idea of crusade on the actions of the Piasts and in particular, Boleslaw III’s sons (the Piast Juniors), and the importance of family traditions. The thesis presents new propositions in regards to the crusades in Prussia and key Polish crusader participants: the involvement of the Polish crusader army under the command of Mieszko III in the Wendish Crusade (July–August 1147); previously unreported in English historiography, the first known example of crusading in Prussia led by Boleslaw IV (November–December 1147); and Henry of Sandomierz’s leadership of the Polish crusader contingent to the Holy Land (1147–1148).