Objectives Main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to review available information on pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines and their age-related changes; to evaluate the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in older patients residing in long term care facilities; to investigate the association between use of benzodiazepines and occurrence of falls in acutely hospitalized older patients; and to describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic. Methods A narrative review of literature focused on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and association of benzodiazepines with falls in older population was conducted. The evaluation of benzodiazepine use in long term care facilities was analysed in a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the EC 7th Framework Program SHELTER project (Service and Health in the Elderly in Long Term Care). A prospective cohort study data of acutely hospitalized patients in Australia were used to evaluate association between benzodiazepines and falls. To describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic, data from the State Institute for Drug Control and from databases of General Health Insurance Fund were used. This dissertation thesis is a summary of published articles from above stated works and analyses. Results...

The main factors which influence these social and health facilities during the planning of social and health services are a demographic prognosis, the social structure of its inhabitants, the informal support and solidarity within the family, and also the geographic profile of the region, urbanization, human settlement and the extent of municipality. The planning of social and health services has to follow modern principles in social services which are widely used in Western Europe. The goal of this thesis is to undertake research in the capacity and quality of health and social services and the use of these services by seniors in the region. The next goal is to see if modern European principles are applied in the social and health services in the region. This research was carried out though the analysis of documents and methods of questioning. This research has shown that there is a lack of institutional social and health services in the region. Also modern European principles have not been applied in the social and health services.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the progress and the status of the public and private retirement homes from the view of provided services, the capacity, financing and the participation of the public and private sector. The chosen administrative district is the district of Příbram. In the practical part there is the characteristic of selected public and private retirement homes. After this part there follows the economical and financial study regarding of development and operation of a new private retirement home. The result of the work is that it will be necessary build up other facilities providing social services to pensioners in the future. The study of the development and the operation of a new private retirement home was evaluated as the efficient one.

Czech Republic, like other European developed countries, has to deal with impacts of population ageing. The number of older people in society grows therefore the drain on workers in productive age is rising. Population ageing causes problems within current setting of the Czech pension system, especially in long-term sustainability of public finance. Hence added involvement of elderly people into working process becomes necessary. The goal of this Masters thesis is to analyse the situation of older workers on Czech labour market between 2005 and 2015 and to find some possible solutions that would increase the employment rate of people before and in retirement age. There are four chapters in the theoretical part that are dealing with population ageing, labour market, specificities of employing older workers and tools used to increase the employment rate. The practical part is focused on demographic situation in the Czech Republic and especially on analysis of the situation of older workers on the Czech labour market in comparison to countries of the European Union. Analysis that was carried out confirms that the overall employment rate of older workers in the Czech Republic is on a good level however there are some areas that need to be improved. For example, option of using part time working contracts is underused as well as the motivation of elderly people to stay economically active. In the last chapter there are possible solutions suggested. These recommendations could strengthen motivation of older workers to stay on labour market and in the same time should motivate employers to employ these workers.

This work deals with social consequences of population aging in relation to the employment market. Aging of Czech population is, according to Population Projection by 2050, collected by ČSÚ, inevitable. Growing rate of seniors in the population is accompanied by many negative economical and social consequences. Anticipated demographic progression will be especially charge on the social security system, health service, public finance, but also on the employment market. Considerable weight falls on the field of savings, on the productivity of labour, and on the population status. In the scope of the text, situation of labour demand on the emploers' side and labour supply from elder employers is discused as well. To increase the employment rate of elderly people, the measures stimulating labour supply and labour demand are mentioned. This work also contains the analysis of present status of elderly labour force on the labour market according to age, education and region, and the prediction of corporate behaviour change, due to growing rate of seniors as consumers.

The thesis deals with the Cuban system of social security. The work focuses on general operation of social systems in Latin America and compares them with the Cuban social system. Thus, the thesis aims to explore the system of social security in Cuba, to describe its advantages and disadvantages and to show why the system is sometimes considered as more effective then other systems in this region. Attention has also been paid to the ageing of the population and how Cuba deals with this problem.

In the thesis we deal with the analysis of the development of the implementation active employment policy for the last 21 years. We are trying to make a short summary of this development in individual years and the subsequent evaluation of active employment policy. We also verify the effectiveness of this policy and its instruments during the period of economic growth and recession by statistical indicators of the number of jobs created, the number of candidates included into the working process, expenditures on this policy and employment rate. We are aware of some the potential distortion, because we use only for statistical data and do not take into account the social and psychological phenomena that affect effect of the active policy. Thesis also analyse fluctuation of the development of annual and quarterly employment rate in the Czech Republic. To correctly understand the current employment development is first necessary to look into its history and to highlight its past and present problems, because without this knowledge it is not possible for the Czech government to effectively respond for ganges in this indicator using the tools of the active employment policy. Development of quarterly employment rate is interesting with its seasonal periodicity, which brings regularly recurring fluctuations in a period of less than one year. We perform the analysis of quarterly time series of the employment rate using Box-Jenkins methodology and try to predict what the employment situation in the next five quarters. Then we recalculate forecast into years and try to estimate the final value of the employment rate for the year 2013 and the value for the year 2014.

This dissertation thesis deals with an economic evaluation of population ageing in the Czech Republic. The emphasis is put on statistical and economic factors. The issue of population ageing is very wide and it affects many areas of human life. Therefore, it should be perceived in its range. The substance lies in continuity among economic area, health, education, housing, retirement policy and migration policy. Both macroeconomic and social effects of changes in the demographic structure of population should be regularly evaluated. Impacts of demographic ageing are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative relate to personal life, good health in old age, ensuring an adequate living standard and security of older persons. Similarly, quantitative impacts cover sustainability of funding of the pension system and social and health care systems. The thesis focuses on important factors that are often neglected and that can represent the threat to the proper function of society. On the contrary, there can be found factors acting positively e.g. the issue of labour immigration or integration of older people into the labour market. This dissertation thesis also provides complex statistical and economic view on the issue of population ageing including all key factors and effects on pensions, health, social and demographic area. The aim of the thesis lies is in the synthesis of important factors connected with population ageing and provides statistical assessment of the issue. The thesis provides procedures and methods that are innovative in the Czech Republic.

This thesis focuses on the issue of European pension systems from a standpoint of their structure and sustainability in view of ageing of the population. The structure of systems is examined through pension models which embody combinations of financing (pay-as-you-go or capital funded) and pension calculation (defined contribution or defined benefit). The main object is to reveal how much are the European pension systems threatened by ageing of the population and sort them out according to this discovery. The risk rate is calculated as a ratio of the difference between expense rate on public pension pillars in 2012 and 2060 to the difference between dependency ratio in the same interval. The final figure shows the percentage of relative expenses per capita in 2060 compared to the base year of 2012. The main object is carried out by dividing the studied states into three groups. According to thesis' results, the most endangered state is Poland with a value of 28 % while the least endangered state is Luxembourg with a value of 110 % or relative expenses per capita compared to the base year of 2012.

The aim of the master's thesis is the analysis of unemployment of 50 and over years old population of the Czech Republic and the tools of Age Management which are used to improve conditions for groups that are defined on the basis of their age. The structure of the population is in detail described in terms of demography and economy in the thesis. To achieve all marked out objectives is made a graphic analysis of the unemployment rate of three specified age groups of the population in 2005 to 2014 up to the region level, which are divided into four groups according to economic prosperity and lagging regions. It is becoming more and more likely that we can expect increased numbers of employees 50+, and therefore government policy should pay sufficient attention to this group. We can assume that unemployment rate will continue to decline slightly, which also show forecasts of unemployment in the Czech Republic up to 2020.