Ce travail vise à étudier la vie des femmes indigènes du Brésil, dans l'État du Mato Grosso do Sul et les femmes indigènes de la communauté Yaqui dans l'État du Sonora au Mexique. Bien que distantes sur le continent américain, ces communautés montrent que la lutte qu’elles mènent, chacune de leur côté, pour la défense de leur territoire et de leurs droits repose sur une stratégie commune de survie. Les conditions de travail dans les champs et l’exploitation qui y est inhérente, les différences de traitements (indigène et femme) rendent la situation des femmes encore plus critique. Aussi, dans une perspective comparatiste, entre les deux nations, Brésil et Mexique, mon travail traitera également de la question du statut des indigènes, des femmes bien sûr, de leur accès à l’emploi. L’intérêt de procéder à une étude comparative entre ces deux communautés et, tout spécialement, d’axer mes recherches sur les populations « vulnérables » qui la composent, à savoir les femmes et de me focaliser sur le thème du travail et, par-là, leur participation au sein du foyer, dans les champs, le travail artisanal… consiste à montrer comment il leur faut désormais assumer de nouveaux rôles, sans pour autant abandonner ce qui fait l’identité de leur ethnie, à laquelle les deux communautés sont très fortement attachées. / This work aims to be a comparative study between the Terena Indians of Brazil and the Yaqui Indians of Mexico, focusing on the indigenous women of both ethnic groups. Although they are far away on the American continent, these communities show that their struggle for the defence of their territory and their rights is based on a common survival strategy. In this way, the conditions of work and exploitation inherent in them are highlighted, strengthened by differences in treatment (indigenous and feminine) that make the situation of women even more critical. In addition, this paper will address the issue of gender relations within and outside communities, relating to the challenges of indigenous women in the 21st century, such as female empowerment and gender equality. The interest in conducting a comparative study and, more specifically, focusing the research on "vulnerable" populations, in this case indigenous women, is to show how they are now taking on new roles without abandoning their ethnic identity.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T19:32:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ADRIANO FIGUERÊDO NEVES 1.pdf: 1712818 bytes, checksum: 81307daff269c0ca7b18ea5dd16d3633 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T19:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ADRIANO FIGUERÊDO NEVES 1.pdf: 1712818 bytes, checksum: 81307daff269c0ca7b18ea5dd16d3633 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-27 / An experiment was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Arterial Hypertension (HAS) and risk factors in children, adolescents, adults and elderly in the quilombola community of São Vicente Island in the State of Tocantins. This study had a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative approach. For data collection, interviews were conducted utilizing the Brazilian Economic Classification Form (ABEP), supplemented; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ long version) was used to evaluate the physical activity of adults, and a questionnaire about knowledge of Hypertension was also utilized for adults. For children and adolescents, the Physical Activity Level Assessment and Sedentary Behavior of 10 to 13 year-old schoolchildren (NAF) were used. An anthropometric screening and blood pressure measurement were performed in all individuals. The data were analyzed utilizing the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS, 23.0) adopting a level of significance of 5% (p <0.05). The sample consisted of 86 individuals belonging to the quilombola community, residents in rural zone and urban areas. The HAS presented a prevalence of 33.7%. The community is composed mostly of black, female, young, with a monthly family income of a minimum wage, belonging to social classes D-E. Individuals were living in both rural zones and urban areas. The risk factors for arterial hypertension were: age (60 to 88 years, p <0.001), race / color (black), social class (SD), high weight (p = 0.009), BMI on weight or obesity p = 0.002) and place of residence (urban area and rural zone). It was concluded that hypertension had high prevalence and its risk factors were present in the sample. / Este estudo objetivou investigar a prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial e fatores de risco em crianças, adolescentes, adultos e idosos na comunidade quilombola Ilha de São Vicente no Estado do Tocantins. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo (analítico). Para coleta de dados realizou-se entrevistas por meio do formulário de classificação econômica do Brasil (ABEP) complementado, formulário acerca do conhecimento sobre a Hispertensão (adultos), para avaliar a atividade física de adultos o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ versão longa) para crianças e adolescentes utilizou-se a Avaliação do Nível de Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário de escolares de 10 a 13 anos de idade (NAF). Foi realizado triagem antropométrica e medição de pressão arterial. Os dados foram analisados com pacote estatístico Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS, 23,0) adotando um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). A amostra foi composta por 86 indivíduos pertencentes a comunidade quilombola, residentes da zona rural e outros zona urbana. A HAS apresentou prevalência de 33,7%. A comunidade é composta em sua maioria por indivíduos negros, do sexo feminino, jovens, renda familiar mensal de um salário mínimo, pertencentes as classes sociais D-E, possuindo indivíduos que residiam na zona rural e outros na zona urbana. Apresentaram-se como fatores de risco: idade (60 a 88 anos; p <0,001), raça/cor (preta), classe social (D-E), peso elevado (p=0,009), IMC sobre peso ou obesidade (p=0,002) e local de moradia (zona urbana e zona rural). Conclui-se que a HAS apresentou elevada prevalência e seus fatores de risco se mostraram presentes nos indivíduos.

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T12:44:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIÂNGELA ALVES GONZALES.PDF: 3527799 bytes, checksum: 3fd737774a0733f0d697bac1baec6c5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T12:44:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIÂNGELA ALVES GONZALES.PDF: 3527799 bytes, checksum: 3fd737774a0733f0d697bac1baec6c5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES# / #2075167498588264571# / #600 / The objective of the present research was to identify "Good Practices" in the care given by the Judge of the Public Chain of Porto Alegre, addressed to the relatives of prisoners, as well as to reveal the capacity to confront or appease the prison situation in the light of the categories of regulation and emancipation. For that, interviews were conducted with a semi-structured script with 21 relatives of prisoners, 6 servers of the court, 1 magistrate and 1 director of the chain, involved in the service. The presentation of the theoretical reference explained through the socio-political-economic dimensions the penitentiary issue under the bias of criminal execution, provided for in the Law on Criminal Executions and the contradictions existing in the prison context. Through the survey of ordinances, judicial decisions, laws, photographic collection, list of attended, graphs, tables and pictures, the scenario of the prison unit was investigated. In this investigative process 8 categories of analysis were created: Judiciary Power; The attendance; Results of care; Conflict in prison; Relatives in the prisoner's life; The State through social and penitentiary policies; The family; and, the prisoner. In the chapter for the conclusions, the main analyzes of this research were presented, which consisted mainly of the consequences of the State's gaps, caused by the absence or insufficiency of policies for the prison population, in addition to the problems of the prison system. A set of critical reflections was presented based on the results of the research, considering the theoretical framework, the verbal productions of the interviewees and the field observations. And, from a utopian critical perspective, with a humanistic bias, the objective was to identify the potential of care in relation to the demands of family members and to confront the penitentiary issue, presenting the need for practices aimed at harm reduction as a form of resistance to actions that violate the rights and human dignity of prisoners and relatives, aiming at the future aspirations of the extinction of prison in society. / O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu na identificação de ―Boas Práticas‖ no atendimento realizado pelo Juizado da Cadeia Pública de Porto Alegre, dirigido aos familiares dos presos, bem como desvelar a capacidade de enfrentamento ou apaziguamento da situação penitenciária sob a luz das categorias regulação e emancipação. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado com 21 familiares dos presos, 6 servidores do juizado, 1 magistrado e 1 diretor da Cadeia, envolvidos no atendimento. A apresentação do referencial teórico explicou através das dimensões sócio-político-econômicas a questão penitenciária sob o viés da execução penal, prevista na Lei de Execuções Penais e as contradições existentes no contexto prisional. Por meio do levantamento de portarias, decisões judiciais, leis, acervo fotográfico, lista de atendidos, gráficos, tabelas e quadros, demonstrou-se o cenário da unidade prisional pesquisada. Neste processo investigatório foram criadas 8 categorias de análises: Poder Judiciário; O atendimento; Resultados do atendimento; Os conflitos na prisão; Os familiares na vida do preso; O Estado através das políticas sociais e penitenciárias; A família; e, O preso. No capítulo destinado às conclusões apresentou-se as principais análises desta pesquisa, as quais consistiram, sobretudo, nas consequências das lacunas do Estado, causadas pela ausência ou insuficiência das políticas para a população carcerária, somadas aos problemas do sistema prisional. Na sequência apresentou-se um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base nos resultados da pesquisa, considerando o arcabouço teórico, as produções verbais dos entrevistados e as observações de campo. E, sob a perspectiva crítica utópica, com viés humanístico, buscou-se identificar a potencialidade do atendimento em relação às demandas dos familiares e ao enfrentamento da questão penitenciária, apresentando a necessidade de práticas com vistas à redução de danos, como forma de resistência as ações que ferem os direitos e a dignidade humana dos presos e familiares, visando as aspirações futuras da extinção da prisão na sociedade.

Background: Smokingprevalencein Serbiaishighbothamonggeneralandvulnerable populations.Interventionsshouldbeevidencebasedandinlinewithneedsofeachpopulation group. Thehighestprevalenceofsmokingisamongvulnerablegroups,whereinterventions beyondthoseaimedatgeneralpopulationarerequired.Aims: Toanalyzeandcompare smokingprevalenceanditspatterns,exposuretotobaccosmokeandtheircorrelatesamong generalpopulationandvulnerablegroupsandtoidenitfygapsandneedsformonitoringand policy.Materialandmethods:Secondaryanalysisofdataobtainedthroughdifferentsurveys implementedin2013and2014wasconducted. Databasesfromthreegeneralpopulation surveysandsixsurveysamongselectedvulnerablegroups(prisoners, menhavingsexwith men,sexworkers,peoplelivingwithHIV,Romayouth,institutionalizedchildren)wereused. Results:Datashowhighsmokingprevalenceamongadults(34.7%)withgenderdifferences. Lowersocioeconomicstatusisthestrongestfactorassociatedwithsmokingamongadults. Smokingprevalenceisthehighestintheagegroup35-45years(47.0%).AmongSerbian youth,perceivedavailabilityandbeingtaughtinschoolabouttobaccoareimportantcorrelates ofsmoking. Morethanhalfofadultsandyouthareexposedtotobaccosmokeatvarious places.SmokingissociallyhighlyacceptableinSerbiansocietyandriskperceptionisatlow level....

Os estimadores para parÃmetros populacionais em amostras coletadas pelo mÃtodo de amostragem Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) sÃo sensÃveis à presenÃa de observaÃÃes ignoradas e tendem a subestimar os parÃmetros populacionais. A ausÃncia de um quadro de amostragem bem definido para a coleta de amostras em populaÃÃes consideradas escondidas e/ou de acesso difÃcil fez com que o RDS se tornasse uma importante ferramenta de vigilÃncia comportamental e biolÃgica nessas populaÃÃes com maior risco para o HIV, em especial no Brasil. Considerado um mÃtodo de amostragem em cadeia de referÃncia, o RDS utiliza informaÃÃes sobre as conexÃes das redes sociais para obter estimadores contingentes assintoticamente imparciais das caracterÃsticas populacionais e a precisÃo desses estimadores. Estudo multicÃntrico de corte transversal para vigilÃncia epidemiolÃgica e comportamental em populaÃÃes de HSH com 18 anos ou mais foi realizado em dez cidades brasileiras (Manaus, Recife, Salvador, Campo Grande, BrasÃlia, Curitiba, ItajaÃ, Santos, Belo Horizonte e Rio de Janeiro) no ano de 2009 e, coleta, em cada municÃpio, uma amostra pelo RDS. Neste estudo, foi oferecido o teste rÃpido para diagnÃstico da infecÃÃo por HIV Ãqueles que aceitam participar de um prÃ-aconselhamento. Todos os participantes foram inquiridos sobre a realizaÃÃo de testes anti-HIV anteriores ao da pesquisa e sobre qual o diagnÃstico obtido. Com a simulaÃÃo de uma variÃvel dicotÃmica (exemplo: sorologia para HIV positiva ou negativa) sem observaÃÃes ignoradas na rede de recrutamento do Rio de Janeiro e posteriores exclusÃes de 18 recrutados, encontra-se que, a amostra com ignorados à avaliada com base em um nÃmero de observaÃÃes significativamente menor que o da amostra original e o parÃmetro em questÃo (prevalÃncia do HIV) à subestimado. Ainda, com a imputaÃÃo Ãnica das sorologias ignoradas, no contexto descritivo, observam-se, nas amostras com imputaÃÃo, marcadores biolÃgicos que indicam valores mais acurados. No estudo multicÃntrico, para o grupo de participantes que autorrelatou sorologia positiva ou negativa para o HIV e realizou teste rÃpido na pesquisa, observa-se para os autorrelatos elevada concordÃncia (0,88) e sensibilidade de 100% com o padrÃo-ouro teste rÃpido para diagnÃstico do HIV. Finalmente, estimando a prevalÃncia para o HIV nas amostras observadas por municÃpio e geral, e, com a proposta da imputaÃÃo pelo autorrelato do HIV positivo e posterior atribuiÃÃo de sorologia HIV +/- mediante trÃs propostas de imputaÃÃes: todos sÃo negativos, proximidade dos participantes na rede de recrutamento e pela regressÃo logÃstica. Encontra-se nas amostras coletadas a estimativa geral da prevalÃncia do HIV igual a 11,1% sendo, por municÃpio, a menor prevalÃncia em Santos (2,6%) e a maior no Rio de Janeiro (17,6%). Com as imputaÃÃes as prevalÃncias tendem a aumentar e as maiores estimativas sÃo encontradas com a imputaÃÃo por meio da regressÃo logÃstica em sete de nove municÃpios avaliados por essa metodologia. A estimativa geral do HIV pela regressÃo logÃstica à 14,2% sendo, por municÃpio, a menor prevalÃncia no Recife (5,2%) e a maior em BrasÃlia (23,7%). A imputaÃÃo da sorologia de infecÃÃo por HIV pela regressÃo logÃstica ocorre por municÃpio e por intermÃdio de um modelo com acurÃcia mÃnima igual a 70%. / The estimators for population parameters in samples collected by sampling Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) are sensitive to the presence of observations ignored and tends to underestimate the population parameters. The absence of a clearly defined sampling frame for the collection of samples from populations considered hidden and/or difficult access made the RDS became an important tool for biological and behavioral surveillance in these populations at higher risk for HIV, especially Brazil. Considered a method of sampling in the reference chain, RDS uses information about the connections of social networks for specific asymptotically unbiased estimators of population characteristics and accuracy of these estimators. Multicenter cross-sectional epidemiological and behavioral surveillance for MSM populations in 18 years or more was conducted in 10 cities (Manaus, Recife, Salvador, Campo Grande, Brasilia, Curitiba, ItajaÃ, Santos, Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro) in 2009 and collected in each municipality, a sample through RDS. This study offered the rapid test for diagnosis of HIV infection to those who agreed to participate in a pre-counseling. All participants were asked about testing for HIV prior to the research and about which the diagnosis obtained. By simulating a dichotomous variable (eg, HIV serology positive or negative) without comment ignored in recruiting network in Rio de Janeiro and later recruited 18 deletions, that is, the unknown sample is evaluated from a number of observations significantly smaller than the original sample and the parameter in question (HIV prevalence) is underestimated. Still, with the allocation of single serology ignored in the descriptive context, it is observed in samples with attribution, biological markers indicating that more accurate values. Multicentre study for the group of participants who self-reported positive or negative serology for HIV rapid test and performed the research notes to self-reports, high correlation (0.88) and 100% sensitivity with gold standard rapid test for HIV diagnosis. Finally, estimating the prevalence of HIV in the samples observed by county and general, and the proposed allocation of the self-reported HIV positive and HIV serology subsequent assignment of + / - through three proposed charges: are all negative, proximity of the participants in the network recruitment and by logistic regression. It is found in samples collected from the estimated overall HIV prevalence was equal to 11.1%, by municipality, the lower prevalence in Santos (2.6%) and highest in Rio de Janeiro (17.6%).With the charges tend to increase the prevalence and the highest estimates are found with the imputation logistic regression in 7 of 9 municipalities assessed by this methodology. The estimated overall HIV logistic regression is 14.2% and, by municipality, the lower prevalence in Recife (5.2%) and highest in Brasilia (23.7%). The allocation of serology for HIV by the Logistic Regression occurs by municipality and by a model with a minimum accuracy of 70%.

Epidemiology analysis of the effect of air pollution on health at regional scale MUDr. Eva Rychlíková ABSTRACT Work involves a health impact assessment of the air pollution of aerosol particles at the some important steps. It describes evidence on air pollution exposure in vulnerable groups of population and searches for the effects. An exposure is a component of causal chains of diseases coming from external origin. And just because it is the main condition. If there is no exposure, there is no health risk. For a possibility to prevent disease we need to know an exposure. We investigated exposure with an activity questionaire in the three groups of population whose would be to the environmental factors, mainly air pollution, vulnerable. The personal exposure was monitored in a group of children. In preparing the questionnaire, we respect the recommendation of US EPA and WHO. Sensitivity is determined by the properties of the organism, specific period of its evolution, lifestyle and behaviour, the circumstances under which exposure to pollution occurs. We evaluated the effects on health which included short-time mortality, long-time mortality and respiratory morbidity in children.The air pollution and its development were evaluated in the Ustecky Region, Region of Prague and Moravskoslezsky region. The...