The surface of the weld pool contains information that can be exploited to emulate a skilled human welder to better understand and control the welding process. Of the existing techniques, the method that uses the pool's specular nature to an advantage and which is relatively more cost effective, and suitable for welding environment is the one that utilizes reflected images to reconstruct 3D weld pool surface by using structured light and image processing techniques. In this thesis, an improvement has been made to the existing method by changing welding direction to obtain a denser reflected dot-matrix pattern allowing more accurate surface measurement. Then, the reflected images, obtained by capturing the reflection of a structured laser dot-matrix pattern from the pool surface through a high-speed camera with a narrow band-pass filter, are processed by a newly proposed algorithm to find the position of each reflected dot relative to its actual projection dot. This is a complicated process owing to the increased density of dots and noise induced due to the harsh environment. The obtained correspondence map may later be used by a surface reconstruction algorithm to derive the three-dimensional pool surface based on the reflection law.

本論文共七章二十八節，六萬餘字，分述如下： 第一章：緒論，分五節。 第二章：理論基礎及文獻回顧，分三節。 第三章：研究方法，分六節。 第四章：區隔日本來台觀光客市場，分四節。 第五章：日本觀光客來台前後對台之印象分析，分三節。 第六章：台灣在觀光市場上的定立分析，分三節。 第七章：結論與研究涵意，分四節。 內容乃在研究現存六十幾萬人的日本來台觀光客市場，了解市場的需求，選定目標市 場，進一步擬定行銷組合策略，提昇對台灣的形象，達成對潛在觀光客的廣告效果， 促使觀光事業更進一步蓬勃發展。

This thesis addresses the kinematic analysis of mechanisms, in particular, the position analysis of kinematic chains, or linkages, that is, mechanisms with rigid bodies (links) interconnected by kinematic pairs (joints). This problem, of completely geometrical nature, consists in finding the feasible assembly modes that a kinematic chain can adopt. An assembly mode is a possible relative transformation between the links of a kinematic chain. When an assignment of positions and orientations is made for all links with respect to a given reference frame, an assembly mode is called a configuration. The methods reported in the literature for solving the position analysis of kinematic chains can be classified as graphical, analytical, or numerical. The graphical approaches are mostly geometrical and designed to solve particular problems. The analytical and numerical methods deal, in general, with kinematic chains of any topology and translate the original geometric problem into a system of kinematic analysis of all the Assur kinematic chains resulting from replacing some of its revolute joints by slider joints. Thus, it is concluded that the polynomials of all fully-parallel planar robots can be derived directly from that of the widely known 3-RPR robot. In addition to these results, this thesis also presents an efficient procedure, based on distance and oriented area constraints, and geometrical arguments, to trace coupler curves of pin-jointed Gr¨ubler kinematic chains. All these techniques and results together are contributions to theoretical kinematics of mechanisms, robot kinematics, and distance plane geometry. equations that defines the location of each link based, mainly, on independent loop equations. In the analytical approaches, the system of kinematic equations is reduced to a polynomial, known as the characteristic polynomial of the linkage, using different elimination methods —e.g., Gr¨obner bases or resultant techniques. In the numerical approaches, the system of kinematic equations is solved using, for instance, polynomial continuation or interval-based procedures. In any case, the use of independent loop equations to solve the position analysis of kinematic chains, almost a standard in kinematics of mechanisms, has seldom been questioned despite the resulting system of kinematic equations becomes quite involved even for simple linkages. Moreover, stating the position analysis of kinematic chains directly in terms of poses, with or without using independent loop equations, introduces two major disadvantages: arbitrary reference frames has to be included, and all formulas involve translations and rotations simultaneously. This thesis departs from this standard approach by, instead of directly computing Cartesian locations, expressing the original position problem as a system of distance-based constraints that are then solved using analytical and numerical procedures adapted to their particularities. In favor of developing the basics and theory of the proposed approach, this thesis focuses on the study of the most fundamental planar kinematic chains, namely, Baranov trusses, Assur kinematic chains, and pin-jointed Gr¨ubler kinematic chains. The results obtained have shown that the novel developed techniques are promising tools for the position analysis of kinematic chains and related problems. For example, using these techniques, the characteristic polynomials of most of the cataloged Baranov trusses can be obtained without relying on variable eliminations or trigonometric substitutions and using no other tools than elementary algebra. An outcome in clear contrast with the complex variable eliminations require when independent loop equations are used to tackle the problem. The impact of the above result is actually greater because it is shown that the characteristic polynomial of a Baranov truss, derived using the proposed distance-based techniques, contains all the necessary and sufficient information for solving the position / Esta tesis aborda el problema de análisis de posición de cadenas cinemáticas, mecanismos con cuerpos rígidos (enlaces) interconectados por pares cinemáticos (articulaciones). Este problema, de naturaleza geométrica, consiste en encontrar los modos de ensamblaje factibles que una cadena cinemática puede adoptar. Un modo de ensamblaje es una transformación relativa posible entre los enlaces de una cadena cinemática. Los métodos reportados en la literatura para la solución del análisis de posición de cadenas cinemáticas se pueden clasificar como gráficos, analíticos o numéricos. Los enfoques gráficos son geométricos y se diseñan para resolver problemas particulares. Los métodos analíticos y numéricos tratan con cadenas cinemáticas de cualquier topología y traducen el problema geométrico original en un sistema de ecuaciones cinemáticas que define la ubicación de cada enlace, basado generalmente en ecuaciones de bucle independientes. En los enfoques analíticos, el sistema de ecuaciones cinemáticas se reduce a un polinomio, conocido como el polinomio característico de la cadena cinemática, utilizando diferentes métodos de eliminación. En los métodos numéricos, el sistema se resuelve utilizando, por ejemplo, la continuación polinomial o procedimientos basados en intervalos. En cualquier caso, el uso de ecuaciones de bucle independientes, un estándar en cinemática de mecanismos, rara vez ha sido cuestionado a pesar de que el sistema resultante de ecuaciones es bastante complicado, incluso para cadenas simples. Por otra parte, establecer el análisis de la posición de cadenas cinemáticas directamente en términos de poses, con o sin el uso de ecuaciones de bucle independientes, presenta dos inconvenientes: sistemas de referencia arbitrarios deben ser introducidos, y todas las fórmulas implican traslaciones y rotaciones de forma simultánea. Esta tesis se aparta de este enfoque estándar expresando el problema de posición original como un sistema de restricciones basadas en distancias, en lugar de directamente calcular posiciones cartesianas. Estas restricciones son posteriormente resueltas con procedimientos analíticos y numéricos adaptados a sus particularidades. Con el propósito de desarrollar los conceptos básicos y la teoría del enfoque propuesto, esta tesis se centra en el estudio de las cadenas cinemáticas planas más fundamentales, a saber, estructuras de Baranov, cadenas cinemáticas de Assur, y cadenas cinemáticas de Grübler. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que las técnicas desarrolladas son herramientas prometedoras para el análisis de posición de cadenas cinemáticas y problemas relacionados. Por ejemplo, usando dichas técnicas, los polinomios característicos de la mayoría de las estructuras de Baranov catalogadas se puede obtener sin realizar eliminaciones de variables o sustituciones trigonométricas, y utilizando solo álgebra elemental. Un resultado en claro contraste con las complejas eliminaciones de variables que se requieren cuando se utilizan ecuaciones de bucle independientes. El impacto del resultado anterior es mayor porque se demuestra que el polinomio característico de una estructura de Baranov, derivado con las técnicas propuestas, contiene toda la información necesaria y suficiente para resolver el análisis de posición de las cadenas cinemáticas de Assur que resultan de la sustitución de algunas de sus articulaciones de revolución por articulaciones prismáticas. De esta forma, se concluye que los polinomios de todos los robots planares totalmente paralelos se pueden derivar directamente del polinomio característico del conocido robot 3-RPR. Adicionalmente, se presenta un procedimiento eficaz, basado en restricciones de distancias y áreas orientadas, y argumentos geométricos, para trazar curvas de acoplador de cadenas cinemáticas de Grübler. En conjunto, todas estas técnicas y resultados constituyen contribuciones a la cinemática teórica de mecanismos, la cinemática de robots, y la geometría plana de distancias. Barcelona 13-

隨著Web 2.0社群媒體服務的普及化，越來越多的民眾開始運用網際網路發表自身對於政府治理的需求與看法，大量的民意資訊在網絡的交互連結下，迅速集結成可觀的網路輿情。由於網路輿情具備巨量資料的特性，使得當前各政府部門熟悉的分析方法，似乎產生適用上的困難。因而網路輿情分析的出現，成為當前政府洞察民意的新興工具。更重要的是，如何運用網路輿情分析進一步與政策面產生實質的連結，如探究網路輿情分析當中情緒分析對於政策立場解讀的可能性，對公共管理者而言更為重要。再者，網路輿情分析目前尚缺乏一套檢測方法來驗證其分析結果的信效度。因此，本研究的目的在於，運用網路輿情分析所撈取的輿情資料，比較新聞網站、社群網站、討論區及部落格四類來源在情緒分析與立場分析之差異，最後運用情緒與立場來解讀網路輿情。 研究設計，本文採用次級資料分析法及內容分析法，次級資料來自2014年行政院國發會委託政治大學蕭乃沂教授所主持的「政府應用巨量資料精進公共服務與政策分析之可行性研究」，本文以「自由經濟示範區政策」作為個案分析。研究發現，在立場分析方面，新聞網站及部落格是支持立場的言論最多；而社群網站及討論區則是反對立場的言論最多。情緒分析方面，四類來源皆以負向情緒的言論為主，正向情緒的言論相對少；透過情緒與立場的交叉分析顯示，機器會產生兩類誤判情形，第一類誤判是被機器判讀是正向情緒，但人工判讀為反對立場的言論，以社群網站的來源居多；第二類誤判是被機器判讀是負向情緒，但人工判讀為支持立場的言論，以新聞網站的來源居多。 依此研究發現，本文建議未來實務者在應用網路輿情分析時，不能僅以整體網路輿情分析的結果輕斷，必要時應將不同網路言論來源個別觀察，特別是當負向情緒的輿論出現時，應優先留意社群網站的動向。此外，針對輿情的高峰期也可對照新聞網站的分析結果，了解是否受到特定新聞報導的牽動而引起網民的討論。值得注意的是，針對社群網站中正向情緒的輿論，實務者也不能過於樂觀，因為部份正向情緒的言論可能是帶有網民「拐彎抹角」的反對。 / In the era of Web 2.0, more and more people express their opinions for public governance on the Internet. Massive public opinions are quickly generated. However, it seems difficult to analyze for government because of the feature of big data. Internet public opinion analysis(IPOA) has become new analytical methods for public managers. The purpose of this study is to use IPOA to mine large amounts of policy opinions and conduct sentiment analysis(SA) comparing with political positions analysis(PPA) in the news sites, forums, social networking sites and blogs. Finally, interpreting the network of public opinion by SA and PPA. Secondary data analysis and content analysis are applied. Secondary data collected by the Research, National Development council, the Executive Yuan. A Case Study of Free Economic Pilot Zones Policy is selected. In terms of PPA, the results reveal more supporting political opinions in the news sites and blogs. And more opposing political opinions in the social networking sites and forums. In terms of SA, four types of sources are negative emotions in large part. By cross-analysis, SA and PPA have difference on results. There will be two types of false judgments by SA with machine. One is judged positive emotion by machine, but opposing political opinions by coders, such as social networking sites. The other is judged negative emotion by machine, but supporting political opinions by coders, such as news sites. From this study, author suggests that practitioners should separately make the necessary observation of various networks rather than only determine on overall results as using IPOA. Especially, giving priority to the social networking sites when the opposing political opinions emerge. Moreover, the peak period for opposing political opinions in the social networking sites can be compared with the events in the news sites. It is noteworthy that practitioners should pay attention to the partial positive comments in social network sites with“irony”remarks.

This Master´s thesis deals with the analysis of recruitment process in a production company. It contains the recommendation and the new proposals of solution which will be determinate in development of recruitment process. This can be more superior for the development of the whole process and for the company as well.