L’objection de conscience demeure un objet d’étude séduisant. En effet, se trouvant au carrefour des différentes théories juridiques, l’entreprise de définition d’un tel concept nécessite de revenir sur plusieurs certitudes depuis trop longtemps ancrées dans les différents discours épistémologiques. La fonction de l’objection de conscience étant entendue de façon beaucoup trop large depuis l’origine comme une simple contestation individuelle, il est nécessaire d’en proposer une conception singulière au sein des droits et libertés de la personne. A ce titre, l’objection de conscience constitue un refus intentionnel du sujet d’obéir à l’obligation de la loi dont il fait l’objet au motif de son injustice. Ce qui initialement, ne constituait qu’une revendication individuelle sanctionnée par son illégalité, a, dans le mouvement de plus en plus croissant de subjectivisation des droits, réussi à se voir reconnu et garanti par les différents corpus juridiques. Se pose alors la question de la possibilité d’articuler le refus du sujet d’obéir aux prescriptions de la loi et le principe d’obéissance à celle-ci. Parmi les techniques instrumentalisées par le droit, il s’avère que le prisme de l’exception se révèle être le plus adéquat à l’encadrement de l’objection de conscience afin d’éviter toute décomposition du système juridique. L’objection de conscience prétend ainsi au statut de technique de résolution de conflit de norme entre la conscience individuelle et la loi. L’attractivité du concept ne cessant de croître, ne serait-ce que par le constat de nouvelles problématiques fondamentales à la personnalité humaine, il en découle une interrogation essentielle quant à son niveau réel de protection au sein des droits et libertés fondamentaux. / Conscientious objection remains an attractive topic. As it is at the meeting point of many different legal theories, trying to define such a concept requires an open mind and a critical study of all the different epistemological views that have been exposed without being challenged for far too long. Because conscientious objection has always been perceived as a simple individual questioning, it seems necessary to offer a more specific conception of it within the context of individual rights and freedoms. As an individual right, conscientious objection means the subject intentionally refuses to obey to the law they should respond to because they find it unfair. What was initially a simple individual claim condemned for being illegal, has become acceptable and granted by different legal systems, thanks to an ever increasing movement of individualization of rights. This raises the question of whether or not it is possible to link the refusal to obey the law to the principle of obedience to the law. Among all the techniques you can find in the legal system, it seems that approaching the issue through the prism of exception is the most efficient way of keeping the legal system in one piece/ intact. Conscientious objection can thus be viewed as a technique used to resolve a normative conflict between individual conscience and law. This concept has gained more and more praise as new fundamental problematics around the question of human nature have emerged. All this leads to an essential questioning on how conscientious objection can be protected within legal rights and fundamental freedoms systems.

No description available.

No description available.

Positive Childhood Experiences are protective social determinants of health factors that mitigate downstream consequences of exposure to chronic adversity and abuse specific to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). ACEs are defined by the CDC as potentially traumatic experiences during childhood that increase mal-adaptive and risky behaviors, negative health outcomes, and relative health care utilization throughout the lifecycle. This study examines the association between PCE scores and important socio-economic measures. A cross-sectional study using the 2021 Tennessee Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey PCE module was conducted. The PCE’s module included 7 questions to assess PCE’s during childhood. The 7 PCE questions were consolidated into a measure categorized by low: 0-1 PCE, middle: 2-4 PCEs, and high: 5-7 PCEs. The association between PCE’s and three independent variables of interest were examined: income, employment status, and education. Income was defined by household income and categorized into high ($100,000+) middle ($50,000-$99,000), and low income ($0-$49,000). Education was categorized into high (graduated college or technical school), middle (graduated high school/attended college or technical school), and low education levels (did not graduate high school). Employment status was dichotomized into employed vs unemployed. Chi-square test of independence was used to investigate associations between PCE’s scores and the 3 socio-economic variables, income, employment status, and education, independently. There was a significant association between PCE score and income (P=.001). Over a quarter of individuals with a high PCE score (27%) were in the lowest income category, while 53% were in the highest income category. Of the individuals with a low PCE score 49% were in the lowest income category while 31% were in the highest income category. For individuals with a middle PCE score, 39% were in the lowest income category, while 42% were in the highest income category. The association between PCE score and education level was also significant (P=.001). Of individuals with a low PCE score 61% were employed, those with a middle PCE score 74% were employed, and of samples with a high PCE score 88% were employed. Analysis of PCE score and employment status was also significant (P=.001). Of the individuals with a low PCE score 21% were in the highest education category, of individuals with a middle PCE score 31% were in the highest education category, and of individuals with a high PCE score 41% were in the highest education category. Evidence continues to mount that PCE’s are associated with improved mental health, better social skills, and overall self-reported quality of life on an individual and population level. The findings of this study suggest that positive childhood experiences impact individuals’ ability to overcome adversity if income, education, and employment levels are accepted as proxy measure for quality of life and highlight the importance of fostering positive environments for children to prevent long term negative health, social, and economic impacts. Future research could further explore the mechanisms through which positive childhood experiences lead to positive outcomes, and the implications for interventions aimed at promoting positive childhood experiences across socio-demographic categories.

<p> In this thesis we study the representation theorems for evenly positive definite functions on Euclidean spaces. A generalization of the concept of evenness on R^n to a concept of symmetry on any locally compact abelian group is given. In addition, a result analogous to the Weil-Povzner-Raikov Theorem is obtained for the representation of symmetrically positive definite functions on locally compact abelian groups.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

L’art-thérapie est une approche thérapeutique fondée sur les principes de la psychologie et de l’expression artistique, plus spécifiquement les arts visuels. Cette approche propose un processus d’expression, de transformation et d’actualisation de soi en utilisant une communication tant par l’image que par les mots (AATQ, 2012). Cette association (images/mots) augmente la probabilité de dépister des problèmes et de susciter des solutions qui ne pourraient être uniquement évoqués en thérapie verbale. Pour sa part, la psychologie positive s’est développée dans le but d’encourager le développement des forces personnelles et d’accroître la satisfaction de vie. Inspirés de ce courant, Seligman, Rashid et Parks (2006) proposent la psychothérapie positive afin de prévenir et traiter divers problèmes cliniques en favorisant l’expérience humaine positive. L’expérience humaine positive se définit selon trois composantes : la vie plaisante, la vie engagée et la vie significative. La vie plaisante se rapporte aux émotions positives vécues dans le quotidien. La vie engagée correspond aux forces de caractère ainsi qu’à la capacité de s’investir dans des expériences optimales "flow". La vie significative s’applique au sentiment d’appartenance au bien commun et à son implication dans celui-ci. Le but de la présente recherche est d’énoncer les stratégies positives mises de l’avant par le courant de la psychologie positive, et ce, dans une démarche en art-thérapie. Cette recherche cible deux objectifs : décrire les stratégies art-thérapeutiques qui suscitent une expérience humaine positive et exposer comment, en tant qu’art-thérapeute, nous appliquons ces mêmes stratégies. La recherche s’inscrit dans un paradigme qualitatif et est de nature descriptive et exploratoire. Elle consiste en une recherche-action de type praxéologique qui s’appuie sur l’observation de notre propre pratique professionnelle. Huit clients ont été rencontrés au cours de séances enregistrées sur bande sonore en art-thérapie menées par la chercheure-acteure. Une grille d’auto-observation a permis à la chercheure-acteure de collecter les données à partir de ces enregistrements et de les colliger dans un journal de pratique. Une analyse qualitative de théorisation ancrée a été réalisée à partir de la collecte des données. Puis, des entretiens d’explicitation ont été mis en place pour compléter la collecte et l’analyse des données. Cette recherche permet de dégager seize stratégies positives en art-thérapie regroupées autour des trois composantes de l’expérience humaine positive. Six stratégies positives enrichissent la "vie plaisante", cinq soutiennent la "vie engagée" et cinq autres consolident la "vie significative". Cette recherche permet également de mettre en lumière un modèle personnel d’intervention positive en art-thérapie "A.R.T." où les stratégies positives se développent sur un continuum d’actions de création (Agir), de réflexions et de verbalisations (Réfléchir) et de transferts des expériences et des connaissances acquises au cours d’une démarche art-thérapeutique dans le quotidien de la personne (Transférer).

ABSTRACT Patients with respiratory failure secondary to acute asthma exacerbation (AAE) frequently present at emergency units. Some patients may develop respiratory muscle fatigue. Current guidelines for the treatment of an AAE center on pharmacological treatment and invasive mechanical ventilation. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has an established role in COPD exacerbations. The role it can play in an AAE remains unanswered although it is frequently used in the clinical setting. Aims: The present study proposed to investigate if the early use of NPPV in the forms of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel positive pressure ventilation (BPPV) together with standard medical therapy in AAE can decrease time of response to therapy compared to standard medical therapy alone. We further tested the effect of BPPV against CPAP. Methods: Asthmatic patients who presented with a severe AAE (PEFR % predicted < 60 %) at the emergency unit were randomized to either standard medical therapy (ST), ST and CPAP or ST and BPPV. Thirty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. Groups presented similar baseline characteristics. The mean age for the group was 42.1 ± 12.6 years. Mean baseline PEFR % predicted was 35.2 ± 10.7 % (ST), 30.5 ± 11.7 % (ST + CPAP) and 33.5 ±13.8 % (ST + BPPV). Results: Hourly improvement (Δ) in respiratory rate and sensation of breathlessness was significantly better in the BPPV intervention group. Improvement (Δ) from baseline to end of treatment in respiratory rate and sensation of breathlessness was significant for both CPAP and BPPV (p = 0.0463; p = 0.0132 respectively) compared to ST alone. Lung function was significantly improved in the CPAP intervention group hourly and from baseline to end of treatment (p = 0.0403 for PEFR and p = 0.0293 for PEFR % predicted) compared to ST + BPPV and ST alone. The mean shift (Δ) in PEFR from baseline to 3 hours of treatment was 67.4, 123.5 and 86.8 L/min (p = 0.0445) for ST, ST + CPAP and ST + BPPV respectively. This corresponded to a 38.1, 80.8 and 51.7 % improvement in lung function respectively. Discussion: The effect of BPPV on the reduction of respiratory rate and sensation of breathlessness could be related to the inspiratory assistance provided by BPPV. The significant improvement in lung function in the CPAP group could be related to its intrinsic effect on the airway smooth muscle and / or on the airway smooth muscle load. Conclusion: The present results suggest that adding NPPV to standard treatment for an AAE not only improves clinical signs faster but also improves lung function faster. CPAP seems to have an intrinsic effect on the airway smooth muscle so rendering it more effective in ameliorating lung function.