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There has been a substantial change in cemetery administration over the last century. Where once cemeteries were predominantly run by religious organizations, now they are mostly run by local municipalities. This thesis examines the change in cemetery administration, using the cemeteries in the city of Hamilton, Ontario as a case study, drawing on material taken from an inventory of Hamilton cemeteries. The Ontario Cemetery Act of 1913 is examined to see how it helped to consolidate municipal power over cemeteries. <br /><br /> In addition to secularization theory, relevant concepts are also applied from the works of Talcott Parsons, Max Weber and Michel Foucault. The analysis suggests that the laicization of cemeteries is part of ongoing rationalizing trends in the larger society. The connection between cemeteries and changes in how we think about human bodies and death is also investigated. Rationalization is linked to a marginalization of the meaning of death as death itself moves from a religious understanding to the control of professionals and bureaucracies like hospitals and funeral homes.

There has been a substantial change in cemetery administration over the last century. Where once cemeteries were predominantly run by religious organizations, now they are mostly run by local municipalities. This thesis examines the change in cemetery administration, using the cemeteries in the city of Hamilton, Ontario as a case study, drawing on material taken from an inventory of Hamilton cemeteries. The Ontario Cemetery Act of 1913 is examined to see how it helped to consolidate municipal power over cemeteries. <br /><br /> In addition to secularization theory, relevant concepts are also applied from the works of Talcott Parsons, Max Weber and Michel Foucault. The analysis suggests that the laicization of cemeteries is part of ongoing rationalizing trends in the larger society. The connection between cemeteries and changes in how we think about human bodies and death is also investigated. Rationalization is linked to a marginalization of the meaning of death as death itself moves from a religious understanding to the control of professionals and bureaucracies like hospitals and funeral homes.

Pakistan currently experiences a deficit in its energy supply and upcoming water shortage. Lack of energy negatively impacts the country's economy, and water shortage would put stress on its agriculture, for example. Furthermore, climate change will further exacerbate these two problems. Dams are considered as a solution because of their ability to manage water resources while generating electricity. Informed by Michel Foucault's power/ knowledge, the purpose of this thesis is to understand how energy and water professionals in Pakistan view sustainable development, and if dams can be considered as sustainable development and climate change adaptive infrastructure. Drawing on interviews in Pakistan, I found that professionals supported dams through mobilizing technocratic discourses that were perceived as apolitical. Yet, I also find that these discourses are political, and I discuss the ramifications of the mobilization of technical discourses that claim to be apolitical for future energy policy decisions in Pakistan.

Despite seemingly remarkable progress on civic-political concepts in different cultural and national contexts, the co-existence of students and civilizations in the classroom remains underrepresented in critical peace education as a pedagogical approach. As a result, this qualitative case study seeks to understand the curriculum-as-planned, -implemented, and -lived of four Grade 5 classrooms at a school in Morocco. In this study, I suggest that their curriculum represents some of the key concepts taken up in critical peace education. Critical peace education works toward creating spaces of empowerment for students where they can critically analyze their relations to power. I use Foucault’s conceptions of discursive regimes, power/knowledge, care of the self, genealogy, and archaeology as the foundation for a postmodernist worldview. As part of my research methodology I collected data from curriculum documents, photos of activities/events/interactions at the school and/or within the classroom, responses from Grade 5 students to questions about their lived experiences about “making peace,” and journaling about my role as a participant-observer in the Arabic-speaking classrooms. This research seeks to mobilize knowledge that focuses on current practices for designing curriculum and pedagogical strategies that are needed to develop what we might call a “critical peace curriculum.”

In 1997, Governor Paul Patton of Kentucky asked the state Cabinet of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection to develop administrative regulations for industrial hog farms in the state. The regulatory process has been contentious. From 1997 through 1998, the Cabinet held five public hearings to elicit comments on the proposed regulations. This study is designed to answer two questions. First, how, within parameters of participation established by the Kentucky Cabinet of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, have participants in the debate deployed notions of risk to privilege certain gendered and sexualized farming identities, farming practices, and notions of rurality? Second, how will the spatial arrangements proposed by participants alter social relationships? A theoretical framework that draws from Foucaults work on governmentality and power/knowledge, feminist theories and Latours actor network theory was developed for this analysis which combines discourse analysis with participant observation. The study examines texts produced by the Cabinet and three groups: the Kentucky Farm Bureau Federation, Kentuckians for the Commonwealth and Community Farm Alliance. Texts include transcripts of hearing comments, published histories, newspapers and web sites produced by three studied, law suits related to the debate, and newspaper coverage of the debate. Participant observation was conducted at public hearings and meetings of the Kentuckians for the Commonwealth and Community Farm Alliance. Results from this project suggest that gender and sexualization play very important roles in establishing hierarchies between organized groups and government agencies. Results also indicate that the constructions of farmers, farming and rurality produced by hierarchical relationships are largely dependent on distinct spatial arrangements which have very real effects on human-human, human-environment and human-animal relationships.

In the decade (1992–2001), the Chinese architecture profession, (hereinafter using abbreviation the CAP) has been largely promoted to a higher level under the socialist circumstance. It is pivotal to note that the evolution of the architecture and the profession does not occur as a natural process, but rather as a result of power relations. In effect, the transformation in the architectural field is a result of interplay between many agents, with the state authority sitting as a predominant force amongst many components despite the complexity and complicity. / On the one hand, the CAP has experienced independence, self-improvement and integration into the world through the journey towards a liberalized position. On the other hand, the operation of architectural practice is highly channeled by the state authority, is closely tied to government policies and shaped by government regulations and facilitated by socio-economic dynamics. The state authority, at various levels, affects the direction of the CAP’s development as well as how it is evolving. This is implemented through interrelations not static but dynamic, that are constantly being re-enacted. / In the midst of the range of architectural phenomenon, the thesis focuses on changes of the CAP, and the relationship between the CAP and the state authority in China during a crucial decade of post–Mao reform, as reflected in the publications in Jian Zhu Xue Bao. It is based on a textual analysis of Jian Zhu Xue Bao, and observes the interrelations that occurred or re-occurred through historical review, discourse analysis and case studies. At the conceptual level, the study considers the interaction as that of power and knowledge. / Against the background provided, the dissertation argues that the underlying power–knowledge correlations react in the Chinese architectural field and at the same time; various interactions that drive the development related to the CAP are unfolding in Chinese architectural discourse. Drawing on scholarship concerning power and knowledge, findings are of four kinds related to: (1) the CAP obtained a relative autonomy; (2) the improvement of professional systems and enforcement; (3) the facilitation role of the state authority; (4) integration into international practice and discourse.

Nosso estudo buscou explorar e compreender as articulaÃÃes entre os discursos midiÃtico e mÃdico estÃtico acerca das construÃÃes corporais em revistas de beleza feminina. Interrogamos as formas como tais elaboraÃÃes se constroem e sÃo tomadas/adotadas como verdades e referencias para modos de viver e cuidar do corpo. Trabalhamos com as revistas Boa Forma e Corpo a Corpo nas vÃrias matÃrias sobre saÃde, beleza e nutriÃÃo, nas ediÃÃes de agosto de 2011 a julho de 2012, no total de vinte e quatro fascÃculos. LanÃamos mÃo da anÃlise critica de discurso visando desnaturalizar construÃÃes sobre saÃde, beleza e juventude, apontando a complexidade de uma engrenagem que se movimenta produzindo o corpo magro como peÃa central de sustentaÃÃo da mÃdia e do discurso mÃdico estÃtico. Foi possÃvel visualizar um maquinÃrio sorrateiro de poder/saber que se solidifica lubrificado em suas partes pelo desejo dos (corpos) consumidores. O corpo confeccionado, difundido como trabalhado, consumidor de alimentos leves, de produtos e de serviÃos que o deixam mais e mais sintÃtico, plastificado, higiÃnico, sem sinais ou marcas do tempo Ã, sobretudo, aquele que nÃo cessa de incitar disciplina, controle, prÃtica de exercÃcios e muitos procedimentos com tecnologias. Assim, Ã entre os modos de viver a âsaÃdeâ, de produÃÃo de uma estÃtica da identificaÃÃo, pela via do consumo, que corpos magros como ideal, se justificam. ConcluÃmos que os cuidados com o corpo e o discurso da saÃde em nome da qualidade de vida sÃo propagados e anunciados pelas revistas para as mulheres comuns consumidoras, com impacto em processos de subjetivaÃÃo pela produÃÃo de objetos de desejo, de consumo e de identificaÃÃes com imagens perfeitas, indicadoras de felicidade e perfeiÃÃo corporal. SÃo ainda construÃdos modos de existir e se relacionar que engendram e reforÃam modelos pautados em corpos sem marcas, autorizando a confecÃÃo constante da produÃÃo de beleza e saÃde baseadas na juventude. / This article seeks to explore and understand the media and the medical aesthetic approaches over the beauty segment found in womenâs beauty magazines. It investigates how such considerations are elaborated and the way the public accept them, taking/adopting them as truth and as reference. Itâs been used articles on the subjects health, beauty and nutrition of twenty four editions of the magazines â Boa Formaâ and âCorpo a Corponasâ from August 2011 to July 2012. In order to achieve this goal a critical discourse analysis was undertaken aiming denaturalize constructions on health, beauty and youth, showing the complexity of an engine where the key is the production of a thin body to support the media and medical aesthetic speeches. Through this analysis was possible to observe the disguised machinery of power/knowledge that gets stronger working oiled by the consumerâs (body) desires. The idea of the body as built, the propagated idea of a body that worked out, of a body that eats only light food and that consumes goods and services that will make it be more and more synthetic , plastic, hygienic. A body without wrinkles to show timeâs passing. Above all a body keeps inciting discipline and control, begging to work out and the use of technological procedures. Thus itâs among the âhealthyâ ways of life and amid production of an identification aesthetic through consumption that thin bodies as an ideal are justified. The conclusion is that whatâs done to take care of the body and the health propaganda made in name of quality of life are announced by womenâs magazines to the common consumers have impact on them in a subjective way making them want those things and identifying perfect images relating them to happiness and body perfection. In addition, there are elaborations of ways of behave and of relating to others that reinforce models based on bodies without wrinkles legitimating the constant confection of beauty and health production based on youth.

Orientador: Maria Jose Rodrigues Faria Coracini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T13:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trifanovas_TerezinhaRivera_M.pdf: 852875 bytes, checksum: 1f64ccb89008f3c1d99f7d1d108dbc50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa é caracterizada pelo estudo de caso de um curso de idiomas, oferecido por uma empresa multinacional aos seus funcionários. A partir de uma perspectiva discursiva, empreende-se à análise dos e-mails trocados entre coordenadores, professores e alunos. Em termos gerais, objetiva-se a problematizar as relações de poder-saber em contexto virtual de gestão de ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira. Mais especificamente, visa-se a discutir o discurso de autonomia do sujeito em EaD; questionar o uso dos e-mails em contexto de gestão de ensino; e refletir sobre práticas discursivas naturalizadas de tecnologias do eu. Para isso, parte-se da hipótese de que o discurso pedagógico está totalmente permeado pelo discurso empresarial, de bases neoliberais, que considera a fórmula ¿gestão de qualidade¿ a resposta para o ensino de qualidade. Indaga-se, ainda, sobre o funcionamento do contexto de gestão de ensino de qualidade; a legitimação de mecanismos de relações de poder-saber e as conseqüências na constituição das subjetividades. O dispositivo analítico mostra que a constituição das subjetividades é resultante do agenciamento produzido a partir do exame, da vigilância e da confissão, no caso dos professores, e do perfil de autonomia, da conscientização e da delegação de responsabilidades, no caso do aluno. Sub-repticiamente, estes dispositivos discursivos, controlados sinopticamente, vão sendo internalizados e naturalizados pela repetição de práticas discursivas, a ponto de se tornarem invisíveis, ocultando, por isso, o exercício do poder que permite o agenciamento das subjetividades que engloba a todos como uma rede, em que uns controlam outros e vice-versa / Abstract: This research is a case study of a language course offered by a multinational company to its employees. From a discursive perspective we undertake an analysis of the emails exchanged amongst coordinators, teachers and students. In general terms, we intent to bestow a discussion of the power-knowledge relationship found in a virtual managerial context of teaching and learning English as a foreign language. More specifically, our purpose is to discuss the autonomy discourse of the subject in distance learning; to question the use of e-mails in managerial context of teaching; and to ponder about naturalized discursive practices of technology of the self. In order to achieve this, we begin with the hypothesis that the pedagogical discourse is totally entangled by the neoliberal corporate discourse which considers the ¿quality management formula¿ the answer to the quality teaching. In addition, we inquire about managerial context functionality of the quality teaching; about the legitimization mechanisms of power-knowledge relationship and about the consequences on the subjectivities constitution. The analytical device shows that the subjectivities constitution is the result of the agency produced from the exam, the surveillance and the confession, in the teachers¿ case, and from the autonomy profile, the awareness and responsibilities delegation, in the students¿ case. Underhandedly , these discursive devices, synoptically controlled, are going to be internalized and naturalized by the repetition of the discursive practices to the point to became invisible, hiding, due to this, the exercise of power which permits the subjectivities agency that involves everybody as an enmeshed effect where one controls the others and vice-versa / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada