Orientador: Ana Carolina Conti e Silva / Banca: Célia Landi Franco / Banca: Marta de Toledo Benass / Banca: Natália Soares Janzantti / Resumo: Prebióticos são compostos alimentares não-digeríveis pelas enzimas do trato gastrintestinal humano que se comportam como fibras. Inulina e oligofrutose são frutanos que possuem alegação aprovada de prebiótico pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Os frutanos podem ser aplicados em vários tipos de alimentos com funções nutritivas (fibra e prebiótico) e tecnológicas. Trabalhos têm demonstrado que a aplicação de frutanos em produtos de panificação é viável e que os produtos são bem aceitos sensorialmente. Apesar disso, ainda não foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de frutanos nas características sensoriais de produtos de panificação através de testes sensoriais mais refinados e completos, como Análise Descritiva Quantitativa e mapa de preferência. Objetivo Geral. Avaliação do perfil sensorial e aceitação de bolos de laranja contendo prebióticos. Abordagem e Metodologia. Inulina e inulina/oligofrutose foram adicionados à formulação de bolo em quantidade suficiente para que a porção de cada alimento contivesse, pelo menos, três gramas destes compostos no total. O perfil sensorial dos produtos foi avaliado através de Análise Descritiva Quantitativa e a aceitação através de escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos e do mapa de preferência interno. Resultados e Discussão: A Análise Descritiva Quantitativa mostrou que as três amostras de bolo de laranja apresentaram perfis sensoriais diferentes nos atributos de aparência (cor marrom da casca e cor bege da massa) e de textura (maciez, fragilidade e pegajoso), sendo que na maioria desses atributos os bolos contendo frutanos não diferiram estatisticamente entre si, mas simdo bolo padrão. Isso demonstra que, independente do tipo de frutano adicionado, os aspectos sensoriais dos bolos não foram afetados. Na avaliação global... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Prebiotics are food compounds non-digestible by the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract human that behave as fibers. Inulin and oligofructose are fructans that have claim approved for prebiotic by the National Agency for Health Surveillance. The fructan contents can be applied in various types of foods with nutrient functions (fiber and prebiotic) and technology. Studies have shown that the application of fructans in bakery products and viable and that the products are well accepted sensorially. In spite of this, has not yet been assessed the effects of the addition of fructans in sensory characteristics of bakery products through sensory tests more refined and complete, as Descriptive Analysis and Quantitative map of preference. General Objective. Evaluation of the sensory profile and acceptance of cakes orange containing prebiotics. Material and Methods. Inulin and inulin/oligofructose were added to the formulation of cake in sufficient quantity to the portion of each food would contain at least three grams of these compounds in total. The sensory profile of the products was evaluated by means of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and acceptance through scale bestows hedonic structured in nine points and the map of preference. Results and Discussion: The Quantitative Descriptive Analysis showed that the three samples of orange cake presented sensory profiles different in the attributes of appearance (brown color of the bark and beige of mass) and texture (softness, fragility and tacky), and in most of these attributes the cakes containing fructans did not differ statistically between themselves, but the cake pattern. This shows that, regardless of the type of fructan added, the sensory aspects of the cakes were not affected. The overall assessment, 88% of the tasters attributed notes higher than... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Objectives: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), the removal of the colon and formation of a reservoir from ileum, is the surgery of choice for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Yet, 10 to 35% of patients develop pouchitis, an inflammation of the pouch mucosa. Microbial imbalances are observed in pouchitis and inulin has been suggested as a prebiotic treatment. Our objectives were to determine the effect of inulin supplementation on quality of life (QOL), and its practicality and safety as a treatment in IPAA patients.<p> Methods: Adults with IPAA (n= 8) consented to a blinded, placebo-controlled trial of inulin supplementation. Baseline symptoms were measured for 1 month prior to supplementation, followed by a blinded low-dose (5 g of inulin) or placebo (maltodextrin) for 2 weeks and a higher-dose (10 g) for 5.5 months. Participants recorded any symptoms that they experienced in a diary and QOL was assessed using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) at the beginning and end of the study.<p> Results: Two participants in the same group developed significant side effects on the 10 g supplementation; abdominal discomfort, severe gas, and small amounts of blood with defecation were reported. Unblinding determined that these participants were taking the active treatment (inulin); therefore, the study was stopped early. No differences were observed in SIBDQ scores.<p> Implications & Conclusions: In this pilot study, inulin appeared to be ineffective in improving QOL and may have contributed to unpleasant side effects. Future research should explore synbiotic therapy in IPAA, by combining prebiotics and probiotics for optimal results.

The use of probiotics and prebiotics has become a popular trend in the food industry. The main goal of this study was to produce a synbiot by encapsulating a probiotic and a prebiotic within a matrix that would provide sufficient protection to the probiotic against simulated gastric juice (SGJ). The ability of the probiotic, Bifidbacterium adolescentis, to grow on short chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS; DP 2-8, P95), inulin (DP 2-60, ST), and FOS/inulin mixture (DP 2-60, Syn), as well as glucose and a glucose-free maltooligosaccharide (MOS), were evaluated. Bifidobacterium adolescentis had a significantly higher specific growth rate on P95 (0.47 h-1), than glucose (0.40 h-1). Examination of the growth medium containing P95 and MOS by high performance anion exchange with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) revealed that B. adolescentis utilised the oligosaccharides to the same extent as the monosaccharides.<p> Bifidobacterium adolescentis was successfully encapsulated with and without P95 using extrusion and emulsion methods, at cell concentrations of 8-9 log colony forming units (CFU) mL-1. Capsules formed by the extrusion method with 1.0% alginate (AL), 4.0% pea protein isolate (PPI) + 0.5% AL, and 4.0% whey protein isolate (WPI) + 0.5% AL ranged in geometric mean diameter from 2.0 to 2.2 mm. Capsules formed by emulsion with 4.0% WPI + 0.5% AL had geometric mean diameter of 53 ìm. Extrusionbased encapsulated probiotics in either PPI + AL or WPI + AL showed improved survival in SGJ at pH 2.0 for 2.0 h with log CFU mL-1 reductions of 3.6 and 1.1, respectively. Free cells, AL extrusion-based and WPI + AL emulsion-based encapsulated probiotics showed no survival after 30 min in SGJ at pH 2.0. The addition of 1.0% (w/w) P95 to the PPI + AL capsules improved probiotic survival such that 1.0 log CFU mL-1 reduction was observed. The amount of P95 encapsulated ranged from 4.0 to 4.4 mg per gram of capsules.<p> The external surface of the PPI + AL capsules as examined by cold stage scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was smooth with the presence of pores ranging in diameter from 0.25 to 1.00 ìm. The addition of P95 to the capsules had no significant effect on surface roughness as measured by AFM, but significantly increased the external capsule thickness. The internal structure of the PPI + AL capsules examined by cryo-SEM revealed a porous honeycomb-like structure, with inner pore diameters ranging between 13.0 and 21.9 ìm. Probiotic cells were found to be randomly dispersed on the surface and in the interior of the honeycomb pores. In contrast, the prebiotic was found to be distributed throughout the capsule as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), indicating that it would be readily available to the probiotic as a carbon source

Objectives: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), the removal of the colon and formation of a reservoir from ileum, is the surgery of choice for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Yet, 10 to 35% of patients develop pouchitis, an inflammation of the pouch mucosa. Microbial imbalances are observed in pouchitis and inulin has been suggested as a prebiotic treatment. Our objectives were to determine the effect of inulin supplementation on quality of life (QOL), and its practicality and safety as a treatment in IPAA patients.<p> Methods: Adults with IPAA (n= 8) consented to a blinded, placebo-controlled trial of inulin supplementation. Baseline symptoms were measured for 1 month prior to supplementation, followed by a blinded low-dose (5 g of inulin) or placebo (maltodextrin) for 2 weeks and a higher-dose (10 g) for 5.5 months. Participants recorded any symptoms that they experienced in a diary and QOL was assessed using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) at the beginning and end of the study.<p> Results: Two participants in the same group developed significant side effects on the 10 g supplementation; abdominal discomfort, severe gas, and small amounts of blood with defecation were reported. Unblinding determined that these participants were taking the active treatment (inulin); therefore, the study was stopped early. No differences were observed in SIBDQ scores.<p> Implications & Conclusions: In this pilot study, inulin appeared to be ineffective in improving QOL and may have contributed to unpleasant side effects. Future research should explore synbiotic therapy in IPAA, by combining prebiotics and probiotics for optimal results.

The use of probiotics and prebiotics has become a popular trend in the food industry. The main goal of this study was to produce a synbiot by encapsulating a probiotic and a prebiotic within a matrix that would provide sufficient protection to the probiotic against simulated gastric juice (SGJ). The ability of the probiotic, Bifidbacterium adolescentis, to grow on short chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS; DP 2-8, P95), inulin (DP 2-60, ST), and FOS/inulin mixture (DP 2-60, Syn), as well as glucose and a glucose-free maltooligosaccharide (MOS), were evaluated. Bifidobacterium adolescentis had a significantly higher specific growth rate on P95 (0.47 h-1), than glucose (0.40 h-1). Examination of the growth medium containing P95 and MOS by high performance anion exchange with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) revealed that B. adolescentis utilised the oligosaccharides to the same extent as the monosaccharides.<p> Bifidobacterium adolescentis was successfully encapsulated with and without P95 using extrusion and emulsion methods, at cell concentrations of 8-9 log colony forming units (CFU) mL-1. Capsules formed by the extrusion method with 1.0% alginate (AL), 4.0% pea protein isolate (PPI) + 0.5% AL, and 4.0% whey protein isolate (WPI) + 0.5% AL ranged in geometric mean diameter from 2.0 to 2.2 mm. Capsules formed by emulsion with 4.0% WPI + 0.5% AL had geometric mean diameter of 53 ìm. Extrusionbased encapsulated probiotics in either PPI + AL or WPI + AL showed improved survival in SGJ at pH 2.0 for 2.0 h with log CFU mL-1 reductions of 3.6 and 1.1, respectively. Free cells, AL extrusion-based and WPI + AL emulsion-based encapsulated probiotics showed no survival after 30 min in SGJ at pH 2.0. The addition of 1.0% (w/w) P95 to the PPI + AL capsules improved probiotic survival such that 1.0 log CFU mL-1 reduction was observed. The amount of P95 encapsulated ranged from 4.0 to 4.4 mg per gram of capsules.<p> The external surface of the PPI + AL capsules as examined by cold stage scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was smooth with the presence of pores ranging in diameter from 0.25 to 1.00 ìm. The addition of P95 to the capsules had no significant effect on surface roughness as measured by AFM, but significantly increased the external capsule thickness. The internal structure of the PPI + AL capsules examined by cryo-SEM revealed a porous honeycomb-like structure, with inner pore diameters ranging between 13.0 and 21.9 ìm. Probiotic cells were found to be randomly dispersed on the surface and in the interior of the honeycomb pores. In contrast, the prebiotic was found to be distributed throughout the capsule as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), indicating that it would be readily available to the probiotic as a carbon source

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, the effect of FOS supplementation and in combination with phytase on growth performance, bone quality and phosphorus utilization was evaluated in broiler chickens fed standard or low calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) diets. The phytase supplementation in low Ca and P diets improved growth performance, bone quality and P utilization. The combination of phytase and FOS increased BW gain and P retention. However, supplemental FOS alone had negative effects on bone quality. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of FOS supplementation on growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and ileal microbiota with or without Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Supplemental FOS improved ileal mucosa thickness, modified ileal microbiota, elevated cytokine gene expressions, altered leukocytes composition and increased serum antibody levels in response to LPS challenge. Fructooligosaccharide supplementation may play a protective role on gut development and immunity of broiler chicken.

With obesity and type 2 diabetes on the rise, research is trying to find ways to reverse or slow its progress. Soy diets have been shown to be effective in doing so but have variable results. One variable that may affect soy's effectiveness is intestinal microflora. This experiment used female Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats that develop type 2 diabetes when fed high-fat diet and is similar to that of human development of type 2 diabetes. This study used soy diets designed to modify intestinal bacteria with probiotics or prebiotics: control, 2.5% fructooligosaccharide (FOS), 2.5% B. lactis, or 2.5% L. acidophilus. Food intake, body weight, and glucose levels were evaluated weekly throughout the study. At the end of a 23 day period total body lipids were assessed, as well as, glucose levels. The percent body lipids in the B. lactis group were higher than all other groups (p>0.05). The B. lactis and L. acidophilus groups had seemingly higher glucose levels; however, the statistical analysis was insignificant due to high variation between groups. Urine samples showed B. lactis and L. acidophilus groups had three rats with glucose levels of 500 mg/dl or above while control and FOS groups had one rat each in this category. This study showed no improvement to obesity and diabetic parameters through the microflora modifications used. In fact, some parameters worsened indicating a need for continuing research of soy with intestinal microflora modification.

Master of Science / Animal Sciences and Industry / Lindsey E. Hulbert / Rapid responses in milk production to changes in dairy cow management, nutrition, and health give producers feedback to help optimize the production and health of dairy cattle. On the contrary, a producer waits up to two years before the investments in calf growth and health are observed thru lactation. Even so, performance, health, and immune status during this time play a large role in subsequent cow production and performance. A recent report from the USDA’s National Animal Health Monitoring System estimated that 7.6 to 8.0% of dairy heifers die prior to weaning and 1.7 to 1.9% die post-weaning (2010). The cost of feed, housing, and management with no return in milk production make for substantial replacement-heifer cost. Therefore, management strategies to improve calf health, performance, and immune function are needed. Prebiotic supplementation has gained interest in recent years as a method to improve gastrointestinal health and immune function in livestock. It has been provided that prebiotic supplementation may be most effective in times of stress or increased pathogen exposure throughout the calf’s lifetime (McGuirk, 2010; Heinrichs et al., 2009; Morrison et al., 2010). Multiple studies have researched the effect of prebiotics around the time of weaning, but to the author’s knowledge, none have focused on prebiotic’s effects during the transition from individual housing prior to weaning to commingled housing post-weaning which may also be a time of stress or increased pathogen exposure. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effects of prebiotic supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide and beta-glucan during this commingling phase. The results indicate that prebiotic supplementation alters feeding behavior, modulates neutrophil function, and increases antibody response during this time. The purpose of industry-based research, such as studies on prebiotics and other methods to improve calf health and performance, is to provide producers with tools to advance and improve their operations. In this respect, it is beneficial to learn what producers’ needs are and what they are interested in improving. An extension survey was conducted to establish priorities, need, and management practices of Kansas dairy producers. The results of the survey indicate that nearly half of the producers (49.3%) are interested in extension programs focused on calf/heifer management. Similarly, over half (54.8%) of the producers responded that they are interested in improving calf/heifer management in the next 5 years. The death loss observed as well as the results of the survey display a need and a producer desire to improve calf management, warranting research on prebiotics and further methods to continue to improve calf health and performance

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_imgp_me_botfmvz.pdf: 367640 bytes, checksum: 182562611decfe7cebd019c499a3ca71 (MD5) / O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi determinar os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) da dextrina em rações peletizadas, bem como seus efeitos como alimento prebiótico sobre o desempenho, pH de jejuno, histologia intestinal, umidade de cama, frequência de lesões de coxim plantar em frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos sendo o primeiro de digestibilidade e o segundo de desempenho. No experimento I foram realizados dois ensaios de metabolismo (22 a 25 dias e de 39 a 42 dias de idade). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com dois tratamentos e sete repetições com quatro aves por gaiola para o primeiro ensaio e dois para o segundo ensaio, visando à determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável da dextrina. Os tratamentos experimentais constituíram da inclusão de 10% e 20% de dextrina em substituição à dieta basal. Foram encontrados valores de EMA e de EMAn da dextrina na fase de crescimento de 1.961 e 1.767 kcal/kg respectivamente com inclusão de 10% de dextrina na dieta e de 3.049 e 3.020 kcal/kg para inclusão de 20% de dextrina respectivamente. E para a fase final valores de EMA e EMAn de 1.837 e 1.749 kcal/kg respectivamente para inclusão de 10% de dextrina na dieta e de 2.885 e 2.832 kcal/kg para inclusão de 20% de dextrina respectivamente. No experimento II foram utilizados 912 pintos de corte machos, de linhagem Cobb em DIC, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos por níveis de inclusão de dextrina na ração farelada (0, 1, 2, e 3%). Aos 42 dias de idade não houve diferença para desempenho dos frangos e a umidade de cama teve um comportamento quadrático, sendo que à medida que se aumentou o percentual de dextrina na dieta a umidade da... / The aims of this study were to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and ME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) of dextrin as a prebiotic ingredient, and their effects on the performance, pH of the jejunum, intestinal histology, litter moisture, and frequency of footpad lesions in broilers. Two experiments were conducted: in the first experiment, two metabolism trials (22-25 days and 39-42 days of age) were conducted to determine the digestibility of dextrin in pelleted feed; and the second one for broiler performance using a meal feed. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and seven repetitions with four birds per pen for the first test and two for the second one. The experimental treatments consisted of adding 10% and 20% of dextrin in substitution to the basal diet. AME and AMEn of diet with 10 % of dextrin in the growth phase were 1,961 and 1,767 kcal/kg, respectively, and for 20% of dietary dextrin were 3,049 and 3,020 kcal/kg, respectively. For the final AME and AMEn, it was found 1,837 and 1,749 kcal/kg respectively for the inclusion of 10% of dextrin in the diet and 2,885 and 2,832 kcal/kg for the inclusion of 20% dextrin respectively. In the second experiment, 912 Cobb male broilers were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six repetitions. Treatments were consisted of different levels of dextrin in meal feed (0, 1, 2, and 3%). At 42 days of age there was no difference on broiler performance, and there was a quadratic effect for litter moisture, with the increase of dextrin in the diet the litter moisture decreased up to the inclusion of 1.43% of dextrin. At 10 days of age intestinal pH and intestinal histomorphometry were evaluated, there were no significant differences among treatments for the pH of the jejunum, villus height and crypt... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: José Roberto Sartori / Coorientador : Vitor Barbosa Fascina / Banca: Edivaldo Antonio Garcia / Banca: Fabyola Barros de Carvalho / Resumo: O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi determinar os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) da dextrina em rações peletizadas, bem como seus efeitos como alimento prebiótico sobre o desempenho, pH de jejuno, histologia intestinal, umidade de cama, frequência de lesões de coxim plantar em frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos sendo o primeiro de digestibilidade e o segundo de desempenho. No experimento I foram realizados dois ensaios de metabolismo (22 a 25 dias e de 39 a 42 dias de idade). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com dois tratamentos e sete repetições com quatro aves por gaiola para o primeiro ensaio e dois para o segundo ensaio, visando à determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável da dextrina. Os tratamentos experimentais constituíram da inclusão de 10% e 20% de dextrina em substituição à dieta basal. Foram encontrados valores de EMA e de EMAn da dextrina na fase de crescimento de 1.961 e 1.767 kcal/kg respectivamente com inclusão de 10% de dextrina na dieta e de 3.049 e 3.020 kcal/kg para inclusão de 20% de dextrina respectivamente. E para a fase final valores de EMA e EMAn de 1.837 e 1.749 kcal/kg respectivamente para inclusão de 10% de dextrina na dieta e de 2.885 e 2.832 kcal/kg para inclusão de 20% de dextrina respectivamente. No experimento II foram utilizados 912 pintos de corte machos, de linhagem Cobb em DIC, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos por níveis de inclusão de dextrina na ração farelada (0, 1, 2, e 3%). Aos 42 dias de idade não houve diferença para desempenho dos frangos e a umidade de cama teve um comportamento quadrático, sendo que à medida que se aumentou o percentual de dextrina na dieta a umidade da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and ME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) of dextrin as a prebiotic ingredient, and their effects on the performance, pH of the jejunum, intestinal histology, litter moisture, and frequency of footpad lesions in broilers. Two experiments were conducted: in the first experiment, two metabolism trials (22-25 days and 39-42 days of age) were conducted to determine the digestibility of dextrin in pelleted feed; and the second one for broiler performance using a meal feed. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and seven repetitions with four birds per pen for the first test and two for the second one. The experimental treatments consisted of adding 10% and 20% of dextrin in substitution to the basal diet. AME and AMEn of diet with 10 % of dextrin in the growth phase were 1,961 and 1,767 kcal/kg, respectively, and for 20% of dietary dextrin were 3,049 and 3,020 kcal/kg, respectively. For the final AME and AMEn, it was found 1,837 and 1,749 kcal/kg respectively for the inclusion of 10% of dextrin in the diet and 2,885 and 2,832 kcal/kg for the inclusion of 20% dextrin respectively. In the second experiment, 912 Cobb male broilers were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six repetitions. Treatments were consisted of different levels of dextrin in meal feed (0, 1, 2, and 3%). At 42 days of age there was no difference on broiler performance, and there was a quadratic effect for litter moisture, with the increase of dextrin in the diet the litter moisture decreased up to the inclusion of 1.43% of dextrin. At 10 days of age intestinal pH and intestinal histomorphometry were evaluated, there were no significant differences among treatments for the pH of the jejunum, villus height and crypt... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre