任何國家在面對安全威脅時，其關鍵在於強盛的國防軍力，現代戰爭已由「單純武力戰」轉為「全民總體戰」，而且台海一旦發生戰事，其作戰縱深短淺，已沒有前方和後方的分別，囿於國際情勢使武器外購受限，國防工業發展成為關鍵因素，我們應發展「小而精、小而強、小而巧」的國防武力，並建立全民國防理念與全民防衛動員機制，運用軍民一體的力量，共同來防衛我們的國土。本文將從「綜合性安全」的角度，以文獻分析法，透過國家安全的觀點，探討我國全民國防的建構、運用與軍備發展，並從中華民國國家安全遭受的威脅及全民防衛動員與軍備發展所面臨的挑戰，探討「全民國防」與「軍備發展」之涵義與重要性，並區分政策面、執行面兩個構面加以說明。在「政策面」的層次分析在「全民防衛動員準備法」的基礎上，闡述「全民國防的理念」與「軍備發展」；在「執行面」上，則針對塑造軍民共用之「國防工業發展」，以為「全民國防軍備體系」之實行方向等，說明全民國防與軍備發展的關係。俾整合全國產、學、研資源，推動國防和民生合一，釋出國防科技轉為民用，並藉由民生產業技術的提升，戰時能支持國防的需求，支援軍事作戰。達成「平時國防支持經建」、「戰時經建支持國防」的國家戰略目標。 / First of all whenever a country faces a threat security, the decisive point relies on the strength of its national power. This critical element has evolved over time from tangible arms forces into spiritual “All -out Defense”. Secondly due to our country’s long and narrow geography , as long as hostility breaks out across the straits, short battlefield depth makes no distinct from the area to frontline. Furthermore our foreign procurement for military we apons is subject to the international circumstance. Apparently “small but precise and strong” defense capability and All-out Defense Mechanism should be more suitable as the determining guidelines towards our defense industry. This study aims for the upcoming threats and challenges when it comes to our national security and is divided into 2 aspects: policy guidance and execution. The former focuses on the analysis of All-out Defense and Mobilization Law and sets forth concept and development tendency of the military preparedness. The latter direct at the relationship and interaction between the All -out defense and armament development. In the long term, we hope to consolidate efforts of the private sectors to develop defense technology industries, the public and civilian assets can be merged into a single whole; such combination can prompt the private sectors to support military missions in wartime and vice versa.