Du fait que les mots thaï possèdent une propriété de polyvalence catégorielle et fonctionnelle, nous essayons donc d’étudier, dans le cas de จาก /cà:k/, ses conditions de fonctionnement et ses valeurs sémantiques sans la prise en considération de la catégorisation des mots que l’on avait faite traditionnellement. Ainsi, la remise en cause des classifications des mots thaï va nous ramener à étudier le fonctionnement de l’unité lexicale จาก/cà:k/ en tant que marqueur. Cette étude est inspirée de la théorie des opérations prédicative et énonciative d’Antoine CULIOLI selon laquelle chaque marqueur est considéré comme une trace observable d’opérations prédicative et énonciative. En partant de ce point de vue, l’analyse proposée dans ce travail vise à montrer les points suivants : comment le marqueur จาก /cà:k/, participe à la construction du sens des énoncés dans lesquels il peut s’intégrer, quelles sont les propriétés des contextes et des co-textes qui rendent possible ou impossible le marqueur จาก /cà:k/ et que le marqueur จาก /cà:k/ est un opérateur de prédication dont le fonctionnement singulier peut être ramené à un faisceau de traits saillants de la catégorie référentielle de จาก /cà:k/. / Owing to the fact that the Thai words are poly-functional, we thus try to study the lexical unit จาก /cà:k/, its functions and its semantic values without the consideration of the traditional categorization. This interrogation about the Thai word classification leads us to study the lexical unit จาก /cà:k/ as a marker. This study is inspired by the theory of the predicative and enunciative operations of Antoine CULIOLI. According to this theory, each marker is regarded as an observable trace of predicative and enunciative operations. On the basis of this point of view, the analysis engaged in this task aims at showing the following points: how the marker จาก /cà:k/ takes part in the construction of meaning in one sentence in which it can be integrated, which properties of the contexts and the co-texts make possible or impossible for the marker จาก /cà:k/ and that the marker จาก /cà:k/ is an operator of predication of which the singular operation can generate the features of the referential category of จาก /cà:k/.

This study analyses prepositional errors in Spanska 4 in the Swedish upper secondary school. The analysis focuses on errors regarding the prepositions a, de, en, para and por, as well as errors in sentences without preposition. The aim of this study is to determine which of these prepositions caused most erroneous answers and why. Possible differences according to native language are also analysed. In the investigation 65 students completed a task of filling out the missing prepositions in 24 sentences. The sentences with the preposition a and the sentences without preposition resulted in most erroneous answers. The most common mistake was to answer that there was no need for a preposition where the preposition a should have been used, and vice versa. In these cases, a possible reason for the error was linguistic transfer of the Swedish sentence. Regarding sentences with the preposition de, the students struggled the most with completing them when the preposition did not carry any meaning. Completing sentences with the preposition para was more challenging when it indicated the destination or recipient than when it indicated the intention. Furthermore, it was more common for students to respond with para where the correct answer was por than vice versa.

No description available.

Bien que les travaux existants aient montré que les noms sans déterminant étaient particulièrement fréquents dans les syntagmes prépositionnels, les mécanismes régissant leur emploi dans les SP demeurent assez mal connus. Cette thèse présente les résultats d’une étude de corpus synchronique portant sur certains SP spatio-temporels sans déterminant de l’anglais et du français. Nous montrons que ces SP sont extrêmement hétérogènes sur le plan syntaxique, lexical, sémantique et pragmatique ; ils s’inscrivent sur un gradient allant d’expressions pleinement figées et opaques à des séquences transparentes, modifiables et productives. Nos données n’étayent pas l’hypothèse d’un phénomène unifié et strictement grammatical. Cependant, ces SP ne peuvent être simplement considérés comme une collection d’anomalies sans rapport les unes avec les autres ; certains d’entre eux appartiennent à des groupements productifs dans lesquels la syntaxe marquée va de pair avec un sens marqué. Les différences entre les SP anglais et français peuvent tenir soit à la productivité des groupements, soit à leurs caractéristiques sémantiques et/ou pragmatiques, qui reflètent la place et la saillance des noms sans déterminant dans les deux langues. Ce travail montre que l’application de l’analyse constructionnelle à ces SP éclaire leur intégration dans le système linguistique tout en permettant une typologie fine ; il suggère que des interactions plus importantes entre phraséologie et grammaire des constructions seraient particulièrement intéressantes pour l’étude des « moules » phraséologiques et des expressions polylexicales syntaxiquement marquées. / Although previous research has shown that bare nouns are particularly frequent in prepositional phrases, the mechanisms underlying their use in PPs remain a relatively understudied topic. This thesis presents the results of a synchronic, corpus-based analysis of several groups of English and French spatio-temporal PPs. The case studies show that determinerless PPs are syntactically, lexically, semantically and pragmatically highly heterogeneous, ranging from fully fixed, opaque expressions to transparent, modifiable and productive sequences. The corpus data does not support the hypothesis of a unified, strictly grammatical phenomenon. However, these PPs cannot be explained away as a mere collection of unrelated anomalies; some of them cluster into productive sub-groupings in which marked syntax correlates with marked meaning. The differences between the French and English PPs can pertain either to the productivity of the groupings, or to their semantic and/or pragmatic properties. In the latter case, the contrasts reflect the place and salience of bare noun constructions in each language. The application of constructional analysis to the PPs is shown to be an illuminating way of accounting for their integration into the linguistic system whilst allowing for a fine-grained typology. This thesis argues that a greater interaction between phraseology and construction grammar would be of particular interest for the study of phraseological “patterns” and syntactically marked multi-word constructs.

The object of this dissertation is the expression of space in Mikalojus Daukša’s Postilla (1599). It is limited to the semantic analysis of the four postpositional local cases, their distribution, and their relationship to their functional equivalents (prepositions, genitive and dative cases). The research is based on the conception of linguistic units as natural categories. Postpositional locatives are treated as multifunctional cases possessing a number of various use types that differ in status: some are prototypical, other are located in the periphery of the case. A semasiological analysis of each postpositional local case is performed starting from their concrete spatial use types and then going into their abstract domains. The use types and category structure of each postpositional locative are systematically described. The analysis of each case is followed by an onomasiological investigation aiming to analyze the semantic distribution between prepositional phrases and postpositional locatives. It is shown that they profile different aspects of the encoded spatial scenes. Since Daukša’s Postilla is a translation from Polish (Postilla katolicka mnieysza by Jakob Wujek, 1590), the influence of the Polish original is also evaluated. / Disertacijoje aprašoma vietos raiška Mikalojaus Daukšos Postilėje (1599), dėl plačios vietos raiškos priemonių sistemos apsiribojant postpozicinių vietininkų ir jų funkcinių ekvivalentų (prielinksninių junginių ar vietos reikšme vartojamų linksnių) analize. Tyrime laikomasi kognityvinės poliseminių kalbos vienetų reikšmės sampratos: vietininko reikšmę sudaro tarpusavyje susiję vartosenos tipai, kurių vieni yra būdingesni, prototipiškesni, o kiti – esantys linksnio reikšmių periferijoje. Disertacijoje sistemiškai aprašomos visos postpozicinių vietininkų reikšmės ir išskiriami vietos reikšmės tipai: tai leidžia verifikuoti tradicinį požiūrį, kad postpoziciniai vietininkai yra vietos linksniai. Atlikus kiekvieno postpozicinio vietininko semasiologinę analizę (išskyrus vartosenos tipus bei nustačius, kiek jų susiję su vietos raiška), einama onomasiologine kryptimi – apibrėžiamas kiekvieno postpozicinio vietininko ir jo funkcinių ekvivalentų santykis, išryškinant kalbamųjų raiškos priemonių semantinius skirtumus. Disertacijoje nustatyta vertimo šaltinio (Jokūbo Wujeko Postilla katolicka mnieysza, 1590) įtaka Daukšos Postilės vietos raiškos sintagmoms, apibrėžtas postpozicinių vietininkų tarpusavio santykis ir įvertinti literatūroje nurodomi šių linksnių painiojimo atvejai.

Disertacijoje aprašoma vietos raiška Mikalojaus Daukšos Postilėje (1599), dėl plačios vietos raiškos priemonių sistemos apsiribojant postpozicinių vietininkų ir jų funkcinių ekvivalentų (prielinksninių junginių ar vietos reikšme vartojamų linksnių) analize. Tyrime laikomasi kognityvinės poliseminių kalbos vienetų reikšmės sampratos: vietininko reikšmę sudaro tarpusavyje susiję vartosenos tipai, kurių vieni yra būdingesni, prototipiškesni, o kiti – esantys linksnio reikšmių periferijoje. Disertacijoje sistemiškai aprašomos visos postpozicinių vietininkų reikšmės ir išskiriami vietos reikšmės tipai: tai leidžia verifikuoti tradicinį požiūrį, kad postpoziciniai vietininkai yra vietos linksniai. Atlikus kiekvieno postpozicinio vietininko semasiologinę analizę (išskyrus vartosenos tipus bei nustačius, kiek jų susiję su vietos raiška), einama onomasiologine kryptimi – apibrėžiamas kiekvieno postpozicinio vietininko ir jo funkcinių ekvivalentų santykis, išryškinant kalbamųjų raiškos priemonių semantinius skirtumus. Disertacijoje nustatyta vertimo šaltinio (Jokūbo Wujeko Postilla katolicka mnieysza, 1590) įtaka Daukšos Postilės vietos raiškos sintagmoms, apibrėžtas postpozicinių vietininkų tarpusavio santykis ir įvertinti literatūroje nurodomi šių linksnių painiojimo atvejai. / The object of this dissertation is the expression of space in Mikalojus Daukša’s Postilla (1599). It is limited to the semantic analysis of the four postpositional local cases, their distribution, and their relationship to their functional equivalents (prepositions, genitive and dative cases). The research is based on the conception of linguistic units as natural categories. Postpositional locatives are treated as multifunctional cases possessing a number of various use types that differ in status: some are prototypical, other are located in the periphery of the case. A semasiological analysis of each postpositional local case is performed starting from their concrete spatial use types and then going into their abstract domains. The use types and category structure of each postpositional locative are systematically described. The analysis of each case is followed by an onomasiological investigation aiming to analyze the semantic distribution between prepositional phrases and postpositional locatives. It is shown that they profile different aspects of the encoded spatial scenes. Since Daukša’s Postilla is a translation from Polish (Postilla katolicka mnieysza by Jakob Wujek, 1590), the influence of the Polish original is also evaluated.

The relation of postpositional locatives and synonimous prepositional phrases in the text „Knyga nobažnystės“ hasn‘t been analysed wider yet, therefore the theme of this magistral dissertation is urgent and important. The empirical material is collected from the chapter „Suma arba trumpas išguldymas evangelijų šventų“ of the facsimilical publication of the year 2004 of the „Knyga nobažnystės krikščioniškos, 1653). The aim of this work is the analysis of postpositional lokatives and synonimous prepositional phrases. The main problem is to ascertain the postpositional lokatives and synonimous prepositional phrases according to frequency of use; to define the meanings of postpositional lokatives and prepositional phrases; to discuss the rivalry of postpositional lokatives and synonimous prepositional phrases; to describe the tendencies of use of the researched; to compare the use of former postpositional lokatives the with equivalents in modern Lithuanian. Examples of postpositional lokatives – adessive, allative, illative and inessive ���� were selected from the text source mentioned above. Prepositional phrases correlating with them were select too. Every postpositional lokative and its synonimous prepositional phrases are analysed in separate chapters of this dissertation. The selected material is researched using the descriptive analytical, statistic, oppositions and philological methods.

Submitted by Lilian Maria da Silva (msilva.lilian@gmail.com) on 2018-06-08T19:39:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLilianSilva_VF_Final.pdf: 3327004 bytes, checksum: d29448a1832348eb7e7351ed4d972376 (MD5) / Rejected by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 01) Solicito que corrija a descrição na FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO, pois o nome do programa está como Ciência da Computação divergindo da folha de rosto: Tese apresentada como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutora em Estudos Linguísticos, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos, do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de São José do Rio Preto. Lembramos que o arquivo depositado no repositório deve ser igual ao impresso, o rigor com o padrão da Universidade se deve ao fato de que o seu trabalho passará a ser visível mundialmente. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-06-08T20:24:35Z (GMT) / Submitted by Lilian Maria da Silva (msilva.lilian@gmail.com) on 2018-06-08T21:09:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLilianSilva_VF_Oficial.pdf: 3327010 bytes, checksum: f86a7902fdd1c35642248e84983d51a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-06-11T12:44:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lm_dr_sjrp.pdf: 3463019 bytes, checksum: 6d7286c9a4e2a794c6eba795b7467f31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T12:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lm_dr_sjrp.pdf: 3463019 bytes, checksum: 6d7286c9a4e2a794c6eba795b7467f31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta tese investiga se grafias de segmentação em palavras forneceriam pistas da prosodização de clíticos preposicionais do Português Brasileiro (doravante, PB). Para conduzir esse objetivo, inicialmente são analisadas hipossegmentações envolvendo preposições (“denovo”, para de novo) e hipersegmentações de sílabas pretônicas cuja cadeia segmental é idêntica a um clítico preposicional (“de vagar”, para devagar). Analisando as estruturas das grafias de segmentação em palavras, constatou-se diferenças morfossintáticas no funcionamento dos clíticos preposicionais e instabilidade em categorizar uma sílaba átona ora como clítico ora como sílaba pretônica. Partindo desses resultados, foram construídos experimentos de produção e de percepção de fala, com o intuito de verificar, por um lado, se diferenças acústicas (no tempo de duração da sílaba) estariam vinculadas a diferenças sintáticas e, por outro lado, se informações acústicas e perceptuais forneceriam pistas aos falantes do PB sobre um limite entre clítico e sílaba pretônica. Com base nos resultados do teste de produção de fala, segundo o parâmetro da duração, não foram encontradas evidências que sustentassem diferenças entre os clíticos preposicionais e diferenças entre clíticos e sílabas pretônicas. Considerando os resultados do experimento de percepção de fala, foi possível constatar que informações sintáticas e fonéticas idênticas dificultam a percepção e categorização de uma sílaba átona como clítico ou como sílaba pretônica. No entanto, informação fonológica (evidenciada pela aplicação de processos fonológicos) é crucial para a identificação de estatutos distintos da sílaba átona, colocando em evidência que, em termos prosódicos, há distinção entre sílabas átonas internas e externas à estrutura de palavra. Nesse sentido, os dados de segmentação analisados fornecem mais pistas da organização das relações sintáticas entre preposições e seus complementos e menos pistas da organização prosódica de estruturas de clítico e hospedeiro. / This thesis investigates whether spellings in word segmentation would provide clues to the prosodization of prepositional clitics of Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth, PB). In order to achieve this goal, we analyze hyposegmentations involving prepositions (e.g. "denovo" (“de novo”) - again) and hypersegmentations of pretonic syllables whose phonic chain is identical to a prepositional clitic ("de vagar" (“devagar”) - slow). Analyzing the spellings in words segmentation, we verified morphosyntactic differences in the functioning of prepositional clitics and instability in categorizing an unstressed syllable or as clitic or as a pretonic syllable. From these results, speech production and speech perception experiments were constructed to verify, on the one hand, whether acoustic differences (at the time of syllable duration) would be related to syntactic differences and, on the other hand, if acoustic and perceptual informations would provide clues to PB speakers about a boundary between clitics and pretonic syllables. Based on the results of the speech production test, according to the duration syllable, no evidence was found to support differences between prepositional clitics and differences between clitics and pretonic syllables. Based on the results of the speech perception experiment, we verify that only syntactic and phonetic informations are not enough for perception and categorization of unstressed syllable as clitic or as pretonic syllable. However, phonological information (evidenced by phonological processes) is crucial for identification of distinct status of the unstressed syllable. Therefore, in prosodic terms, there is a distinction between pretonic syllables and clitics. Therefore, the word segmentation data provides more clues to the organization of the syntactic relationship between prepositions and their complements and less clues of the prosodic organization of clitic and host structures. / FAPESP 2014/18050-7 / FAPESP 2015/23238-8

Este trabalho é uma análise formal da construção das orações relativas em contextos de sintagmas preposicionais no português oral culto de Porto Alegre em que a preposição não está visível na forma fonética, apesar de a gramática normativa exigi-la. Antes da realização da análise propriamente dita, relembramos a estrutura e a classificação das orações relativas, os pronomes relativos empregados com ou sem preposições e algumas particularidades e inovações dessas estruturas que vêm surgindo no PB, além de apresentar o panorama da gramática gerativa até o modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros, destacando as abordagens gerativas mais relevantes sobre a construção Relativa Cortadora. A análise baseia-se em dados coletados em 24 (vinte e quatro) inquéritos, que correspondem a 24 (vinte e quatro) informantes, registrados no corpus do projeto NURC – Norma Urbana Culta – que totalizam 300 (trezentos) períodos de análise. Seguindo o modelo de pesquisa gerativa – Princípios e Parâmetros –, são levantadas as estratégias de construção das orações padrão e não-padrão, sendo estas classificadas em Relativas Cortadoras e Relativas Copiadoras. Os resultados atestam que a construção não-padrão é utilizada em 69,33% dos casos, sendo 67,00% de Relativa Cortadora e 2,33% de Relativa Copiadora, enquanto que a estratégia padrão é empregada em 30,67% (trinta e três por cento). No uso da estratégia padrão, o emprego do pronome relativo está garantido, sendo resultado de movimento do elemento QU, com fixação de parâmetro [+movQU]; e no emprego das estratégias não-padrão a tendência é o uso da partícula “que”, denominada de “juntor”, correlacionada com o fato de que as orações subordinadas são regidas à principal por meio da conjunção. Neste último caso, QU não resulta de movimento [-movQU], sendo gerado na posição de base e caracterizando que o Português Brasileiro (PB) é uma língua de parâmetro [±movQU]. / This work is a formal analysis of the relative clauses’ construction in prepositional sintagms in oral cult Portuguese from Porto Alegre, in which the preposition is not visible in the phonetic form, in spite of the normative grammar requires it. Before accomplishing the analysis, we reminded the construction of the relative clauses, the relative pronouns with or without prepositions and some particularities and innovation of these constructions which are lighting up in BP, besides presenting the generative grammar view until the Principles and Parameters Model, singularizing the most relevant generative subjects about the construction of PP-Chopping. The analysis is based on data collected in 24 enquiries, corresponding to 24 informants registered in the corpus of the NURC project – Urban Cult Norma – which complete 300 periods of analysis. Following the model of generative research – Principles and Parameters –, the strategies standard – Pied-piping – and non-standard clauses´ construction are verified, and classificated in PP-Chopping and Resumptive Pronoun. The results show that the non-standard constructions are used in 69,33% of the cases, being 67,00% of PPChopping and 2,33% of Resumptive Pronouns, while the standard strategy is used in 30,67%. In the usage of the standard strategy, the use of the relative pronouns is assured, being a result of the element WH moviment, with the parameter fixing [+movWH]; while in the nonstandard strategies is tended the usage of “que”, called “juntor”, related to the fact that the subordinate clauses are governed to the main one by the conjuction. In this last case, WH does not result of movement [-movWH], being generated in the base position and characterizing that Brazilian Portuguese is a language of parameter [±movWH].

Este trabalho é uma análise formal da construção das orações relativas em contextos de sintagmas preposicionais no português oral culto de Porto Alegre em que a preposição não está visível na forma fonética, apesar de a gramática normativa exigi-la. Antes da realização da análise propriamente dita, relembramos a estrutura e a classificação das orações relativas, os pronomes relativos empregados com ou sem preposições e algumas particularidades e inovações dessas estruturas que vêm surgindo no PB, além de apresentar o panorama da gramática gerativa até o modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros, destacando as abordagens gerativas mais relevantes sobre a construção Relativa Cortadora. A análise baseia-se em dados coletados em 24 (vinte e quatro) inquéritos, que correspondem a 24 (vinte e quatro) informantes, registrados no corpus do projeto NURC – Norma Urbana Culta – que totalizam 300 (trezentos) períodos de análise. Seguindo o modelo de pesquisa gerativa – Princípios e Parâmetros –, são levantadas as estratégias de construção das orações padrão e não-padrão, sendo estas classificadas em Relativas Cortadoras e Relativas Copiadoras. Os resultados atestam que a construção não-padrão é utilizada em 69,33% dos casos, sendo 67,00% de Relativa Cortadora e 2,33% de Relativa Copiadora, enquanto que a estratégia padrão é empregada em 30,67% (trinta e três por cento). No uso da estratégia padrão, o emprego do pronome relativo está garantido, sendo resultado de movimento do elemento QU, com fixação de parâmetro [+movQU]; e no emprego das estratégias não-padrão a tendência é o uso da partícula “que”, denominada de “juntor”, correlacionada com o fato de que as orações subordinadas são regidas à principal por meio da conjunção. Neste último caso, QU não resulta de movimento [-movQU], sendo gerado na posição de base e caracterizando que o Português Brasileiro (PB) é uma língua de parâmetro [±movQU]. / This work is a formal analysis of the relative clauses’ construction in prepositional sintagms in oral cult Portuguese from Porto Alegre, in which the preposition is not visible in the phonetic form, in spite of the normative grammar requires it. Before accomplishing the analysis, we reminded the construction of the relative clauses, the relative pronouns with or without prepositions and some particularities and innovation of these constructions which are lighting up in BP, besides presenting the generative grammar view until the Principles and Parameters Model, singularizing the most relevant generative subjects about the construction of PP-Chopping. The analysis is based on data collected in 24 enquiries, corresponding to 24 informants registered in the corpus of the NURC project – Urban Cult Norma – which complete 300 periods of analysis. Following the model of generative research – Principles and Parameters –, the strategies standard – Pied-piping – and non-standard clauses´ construction are verified, and classificated in PP-Chopping and Resumptive Pronoun. The results show that the non-standard constructions are used in 69,33% of the cases, being 67,00% of PPChopping and 2,33% of Resumptive Pronouns, while the standard strategy is used in 30,67%. In the usage of the standard strategy, the use of the relative pronouns is assured, being a result of the element WH moviment, with the parameter fixing [+movWH]; while in the nonstandard strategies is tended the usage of “que”, called “juntor”, related to the fact that the subordinate clauses are governed to the main one by the conjuction. In this last case, WH does not result of movement [-movWH], being generated in the base position and characterizing that Brazilian Portuguese is a language of parameter [±movWH].