不景氣的年代，民間企業裁員、減薪或強迫員工休無薪假的事件層出不窮，襯托出公職相對起薪高、福利制度健全，任職免職程序有政府法令保障。在公職逐漸被當前的社會氛圍視為是兼具地位及幸福的工作時，愈來愈多的民眾競相投入公務人員的考試，而競相爭捧鐵飯碗的現象，也成為近期媒體報導的新聞焦點。 惟前述種種的論述都仍停留在主觀的聯想及推論上，國內鮮少針對經濟變數與公務人員考試錄取率間之關係，建立統計實證模型進行客觀量化分析。基於這樣的時空背景及社會氛圍，本研究遂以客觀的高普考錄取率表示公務人員考試競爭程度，觀察經濟環境變數對其造成的影響，是否誠如媒體所言，當景氣愈差時，公職考試就愈熱門的現象。 經過實證模型分析後，發現影響經濟變數對高考錄取率較普考錄取率變動數的影響較為顯著，包括：當期或前期的高考薪資占民間薪資比、當期或前期的失業率、前期臺股指數變動數、當期或前期臺股指數標準離差率以及時間趨勢等解釋變數，並且各自存在不同程度的影響及合理的正負關係。而普考錄取率變動數部分，僅受當期普考薪資占民間薪資比、前期失業率及時間趨勢等變數所影響。 本文最後，提出針對可能影響民眾報考公務人員的重要因素，提出相應政策建議，以期抒緩公職考試過熱的現象並精進政府政策。 / Recession-era, layoffs, pay cuting, and forcing employees to take unpaid leave are more and more in private sector, highlight the work of public sector is high starting salary, benefits sound system, and having protection by law in appointment and dismissal. More people want to participate in civil service examination, then civil service examination craze has become the focus of recent news. Provided the foregoing various opinions are still subjective conjecture, almost no study about relationship between economic variables and the qualification rates of civil service examination in domestic studies. In this context, this study used a senior and junior civil service examination qualification rates to represent the competitive of civil service examination, and to observe the effects of economic variables on the qualification rates of civil service examination, if consistent with the media reports, the worse economy is, the less qualification rates of civil service examination will be. After empirical model analysis, we found that the effects of economic variables on the qualification rates of senior civil service examination are more significant than the changes of the qualification rates of junior civil service examination. Finally, make recommendations to relief civil service examination craze.

Submitted by Simone Jager (si_jager@hotmail.com) on 2014-02-10T15:30:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Jager 2014.pdf: 764649 bytes, checksum: 100e29a7572ff1d6c57a770ace28e1bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2014-02-24T21:08:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Jager 2014.pdf: 764649 bytes, checksum: 100e29a7572ff1d6c57a770ace28e1bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Jager 2014.pdf: 764649 bytes, checksum: 100e29a7572ff1d6c57a770ace28e1bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-23 / This paper compares time series models to forecast short-term Brazilian inflation measured by Consumer Price Index (IPCA). Were considered SARIMA Box-Jenkins models and structural models in state space, as estimated by the Kalman filter. For estimation of the models, the series of IPCA monthly basis from March 2003 to March 2012 was used. The SARIMA models were estimated in EVIEWS and structural models in STAMP. For the validation of the models out of sample forecasts were considered one step ahead for the period April 2012 to March 2013, based on the main criteria for assessing predictive ability proposed in the literature. The conclusion of the study is that, although the structural model allows, to decompose the series into components with direct interpretation and study them separately, while incorporating explanatory variables in a simple way, the performance of the SARIMA model to predict Brazilian inflation was higher in the period and horizon considered. Another important positive aspect is that the implementation of a SARIMA model is ready, and predictions from it are obtained in a simple and direct way. / Este trabalho compara modelos de séries temporais para a projeção de curto prazo da inflação brasileira, medida pelo Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA). Foram considerados modelos SARIMA de Box e Jenkins e modelos estruturais em espaço de estados, estimados pelo filtro de Kalman. Para a estimação dos modelos, foi utilizada a série do IPCA na base mensal, de março de 2003 a março de 2012. Os modelos SARIMA foram estimados no EVIEWS e os modelos estruturais no STAMP. Para a validação dos modelos para fora da amostra, foram consideradas as previsões 1 passo à frente para o período de abril de 2012 a março de 2013, tomando como base os principais critérios de avaliação de capacidade preditiva propostos na literatura. A conclusão do trabalho é que, embora o modelo estrutural permita, decompor a série em componentes com interpretação direta e estudá-las separadamente, além de incorporar variáveis explicativas de forma simples, o desempenho do modelo SARIMA para prever a inflação brasileira foi superior, no período e horizonte considerados. Outro importante aspecto positivo é que a implementação de um modelo SARIMA é imediata, e previsões a partir dele são obtidas de forma simples e direta.