Submitted by Lucelia Lucena (lucelia.lucena@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-11T18:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Capa tese 18-09-13.pdf: 1375204 bytes, checksum: deb9ad019a4e61cc522e5cac129a16b1 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T18:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Capa tese 18-09-13.pdf: 1375204 bytes, checksum: deb9ad019a4e61cc522e5cac129a16b1 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / Analisar os efeitos precoces da desnutrição protéica neonatal sobre a morfofisiologia da mastigação em ratos. Ratos machos da linhagem Wistar foram divididos em grupos experimentais conforme a manipulação nutricional imposta às mães durante o período de lactação. O grupo nutrido, consistiu de oito filhotes machos cujas mães foram alimentadas com caseína 17%, ao passo que o grupo desnutrido foi composto por mães que foram alimentadas com dieta caseína 8%. O peso corporal dos animais foi mensurado durante o período de lactação, para estabelecer o ganho de peso corporal. Dos 14 aos 21 dias de idade, foi realizada a avaliação das propriedades de membrana intrínseca de neurônios localizados na parte dorsal do núcleo sensorial principal do trigêmeo (NVsnpr) por meio de patch-clamp. Aos 17, 19 e 21 dias de idade, os animais foram filmados para posterior análise dos parâmetros da mastigação. E, aos 25 dias de idade, o feixe superficial do músculo masseter foi dissecado para avaliação da composição dos tipos de fibras musculares, por meio da técnica de ATPase miofibrilar, bem como da área e perímetro das fibras musculares. A restrição de proteína precoce foi associada com a redução no peso corporal. Os animais desnutridos apresentaram uma menor capacidade de gerar disparos ritmicos e uma redução na frequência de disparos. Contudo, demonstraram um potencial de membrana para geração de disparos mais despolarizado. Ademais, os filhotes desnutridos apresentaram um menor número de sequências e ciclos mastigatórios. Os ratos desnutridos apresentaram uma maior proporção de fibras do tipo IIa e uma menor quantidade de fibras do tipo IIb que os animais controle; e, uma menor área e perímetro tanto das fibras do tipo IIa quanto do tipo IIb quando comparado ao grupo nutrido. A desnutricão protéica neonatal atrasa o desenvolvimento morfológico e funcional da mastigação. Contudo, parece que estes animais são capazes de se adaptarem, de forma que conseguem manter os movimentos mandibulares durante a sequência mastigatória.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1199_1.pdf: 545802 bytes, checksum: b0b8b72739523e5494df18678bfab71f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Em pleno sertão nordestino, uma região às margens do Rio São Francisco, vem se destacando como um pólo fruticultor no Brasil. O Sub-médio São Francisco, região centrada no eixo Petrolina/PE e Juazeiro/BA, apresenta condições únicas quanto ao clima e ao solo, que aliados ao aproveitamento da água do Rio São Francisco e a técnicas modernas de produção agrícola permitiram, também o desenvolvimento da indústria de vinhos finos que vem conquistando reconhecimento nacional e internacional, atraindo tradicionais produtores do Rio Grande do Sul e da Europa. Alinhado a este fenômeno existe a participação do Estado quanto à implementação de políticas públicas capazes de fomentar e regular o setor. Esta dissertação tem como foco estudar o relacionamento entre o Estado e a indústria de vinhos finos da Região do São Francisco, identificando as políticas governamentais e seus impactos na obtenção de novos investimentos em busca de um aumento na arrecadação e de desenvolvimento local. Para estudarmos este relacionamento optamos pela Teoria do Principal-Agente, pois procura analisar os conflitos e custos resultantes de um relacionamento onde o Governo (principal) tem interesses divergentes dos empresários (agentes). Desta forma o Governo lança ações que possam incentivar os empresários de acordo com seus interesses ao menor custo possível. A pesquisa analisa o esforço de ambos os atores e conclui que o setor já apresenta características típicas de uma economia de aglomeração capaz de prover um desenvolvimento da renda per capita da região e avaliando de maneira positiva o Programa do Vinho realizado pelo Governo do Estado

Orientador: Maria Helena Stangler Kraemer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T04:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Biral_AnaCristinaWestphalCheraria_M.pdf: 8667247 bytes, checksum: c127a462b302f100f7038554539e5f28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Introdução- A psoríase é uma doença de pele crônica, inflamatória com genes envolvidos na predisposição à doença, localizados na região altamente polimórfica do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade, no cromossomo 6p21.3. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar, avaliar a distribuição e determinar as associações genéticas dos genes HLA de classe I e os microssatélites do Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF) em pacientes brasileiros com psoríase. Pacientes e Métodos- As tipagens HLA-A, -B, -C foram realizadas em 92 pacientes com psoríase e 160 indivíduos sadios como grupo-controle através do DNA genômico, utilizando-se o método PCR/SSP. Desses 92 pacientes, com psoríase, foram tipados 70 pacientes e 71 indivíduos sadios para os microssatélites do TNF, classificados de acordo com o número de alelos (TNFa, b, c, d, e) e amplificados através do DNA genômico pela reação em cadeia da polimerase, visualizadosem gel desnaturante de poliacrilamida, em condições específicaspara cada loco. Resultados- Dos 92 pacientes, 43,3% foram HLA-Cw*06 positivo (p<0,0001 e OR=5.3). Os alelos HLA-B*13, HLA-B*57, HLA-Cw*12 e os haplótipos HLA-B*13 Cw*06, HLAB* 57 Cw*06 e HLA-B*39 Cw*12 mostraram-se aumentados nos pacientes com psoríase, com significânciaestatística (P<0,05), quando comparados ao grupo-controle de indivíduos sadios. Os microssatélites TNFa4, TNFb1, TNFe1 e o haplótipo TNFa2 b1 c2 d4 e1 mostraram-se com fTeqüência diminuída e com significância estatística (P<0,05) nos pacientes com psoríase quando comparados ao grupo-controle de indivíduos sadios. O alelo HLA-B*13 e os haplótipos HLA-B*13 Cw*06, TNFa11 b4 c1 d3 e3, mostraram-se com freqüências aumentadas e significância estatística (P<0,05) nos pacientes com psoríase tipo TI quando comparados ao grupo-controle de indivíduos sadios. Também foi encontrado na comparação de pacientes psoríase tipo I com o grupo-controle de indivíduos sadios, um haplótipo estendido nessa região cromossômica, HLA-B*57 HLA-Cw*06 TNFa2 b5 c2 d4 c3, com signifiQânciaestatística (P<0,05). Conclusões- Esse estudo mostrou uma associação positiva entre os alelos HLA-B*13, HLA-B*57, Cw*06, Cw*12 e os haplótipos HLA-B*13 Cw*06, HLA-B*57 Cw*06, HLAB* 39 Cw*12, TNFa11 b4 c1 d3 e3 e o haplótipo estendido HLA-B*57 Cw*06 TNFa2 b5 c2 d4 e3, dete~~~o susceptibilidade para o desenvolvimento da psoríase. Também foram encontrados os microssatélites TNFa4, TNFbI, TNFel e o haplótipo TNFa2 bl c2 d4 el com associação negativa, sugerindo um fator de proteção na psoriase. Esses resultados apontam para o fato de que a detecção dos polimorfismos do HLA classe I e microssatélites no loco TNF poderiam ser marcadores de susceptibilidade e proteção genética na doença em pacientes brasileiros / Abstract: Introduction - Psoriasis is a genetic chronic inflammatory skin disorder with genes involved in disease predisposition located within the highly polymorphic Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region on the chromosome 6p21.3. The goal of the present study was to identify, evaluate distribution and determine genetic associations of HLA class I genes and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) microsatellites with psoriasis in Brazilian patients. Patients and Methods - HLA-A,-B, -C typingwas carriedout in 92 psoriasispatientsand 160 healthy individuaIs through genomic DNA using the PCR-SSP method. Typing ofTNF microsatellites was carried out in 70 of the 92 psoriasis patients and in 71 healthy controls. TNF microsatellites were classified according to the number of alleles (TNFa, b, c, d, e) amplified through genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction and visualized in denaturing polyacrylamine gel, in specific conditions for each locus. Results - Of the 92 patients, 43.3% were HLA-Cw*06 positive (p<0.0001 and OR=5.3). HLA-B*13, HLA-B*57, HLA-Cw*12 alleles and HLA-B*13 Cw*06, HLA-B*57 Cw*06 and HLA-B*39 Cw*12 haplotypes were found to be increased in patients with psoriasis, with a statistical significance (p<0.05) when compared to healthy individuaIs. TNFa4, TNFbl, TNFel microsatellites and the TNFa2 bl c2 d4 el haplotype showed a decreased frequency and a statistical significance (p<0.05) in psoriasis patients when compared to healthy individuals. HLA-B*13 allele and HLA-B*13 Cw*06, TNFall b4 c1 d3 e3 haplotypes showed increased frequencies and a statistical significance (p<0.05) in patients with type II psoriasis when compared to healthy individuaIs. We further found an extended haplotype in that chromosomic region, HLA-B*57 HLA-Cw*06 TNFa2 b5 c2 d4 c3, with a statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusions - This study shows a positive association between the HLA-B*13, HLA-B*57, Cw*06, Cw*12 alleles and the B*13 Cw*06, B*57 Cw*06, B*39 Cw*12, TNFall b4 cl d3 e3 haplotypes and the extended haplotype HLA-B*57 Cw*06 TNFa2 b5 c2 d4 e3, which determines susceptibility to the development ofpsoriasis. We further found TNFa4, TNFbl, TNFel microsatellites and the TNFa2 bl c2 d4 el haplotype with negative association, which suggests a protection factor against psoriasis. Results point to the fact that detection of HLA class I polymorphisms and microsatellites in the TNF locus may be markers of either genetic susceptibility, or protection against the disease in Brazilian patients / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

This study described how principal leadership, consisting of both capacities and practices, advanced a climate of academic optimism among faculty to improve the achievement of all students including those from low-income family households within two public elementary schools in southern Arizona. Participants in the multiple embedded replication case study included one principal, five teachers, and one parent from each school. Semi-structured interviews, school observations, and document analysis were incorporated within the study. Findings revealed that peer observations helped build collective efficacy among teachers and required principal leadership to occur in a systemic manner. Interpretive analysis further demonstrated that principal leadership was valuable in developing academic emphasis within the school. Moreover, the principal was a powerful role model for cultivating trust between teachers and parents. An unexpected finding was that the leadership capacities and practices were not as precisely divided or separated as indicated by the conceptual framework. Rather, the capacities and practices were highly interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Based upon the analysis of patterns across cases, it was determined that the principals’ leadership capacities and practices influenced the climate of academic optimism. As a specific example, the principals studied utilized the bureaucracies within their schools to enable the work of teachers. Furthermore, the principals’ capacities of self-awareness and internalized moral perspective guided their vision of schooling. Compelling evidence was found for each capacity and practice detailed within the conceptual framework, and they were demonstrated in unique ways based on the specific circumstances of the site as well as the principal’s individual leadership style. The conceptual generalization from this interpretative qualitative case study suggests that, in terms of principal leadership, both “Who you are, and what you do, matter.”

NonLinear Principal Component Analysis (NLPCA) using three-hidden-layer feed-forward neural networks can produce solutions that over-fit the data and are non-unique. These problems have been dealt with by subjective methods during the network training. This study shows that these problems are intrinsic due to the three-hidden-layer architecture. A simplified two-hidden-layer feed-forward neural network that has no encoding layer and no bottleneck and output biases is proposed. This new, compact NLPCA model alleviates these problems without employing the subjective methods and is called quasi-objective. The compact NLPCA is applied to the zonal winds observed at seven pressure levels between 10 and 70 hPa in the equatorial stratosphere to represent the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and investigate its variability and structure. The two nonlinear principal components of the dataset offer a clear picture of the QBO. In particular, their structure shows that the QBO phase consists of a predominant 28.4-month cycle that is modulated by an 11-year cycle and a longer-period cycle. The significant difference in variability of the winds between cold and warm seasons and the tendency for a seasonal synchronization of the QBO phases are well captured. The one-dimensional NLPCA approximation of the dataset provides a better representation of the QBO than the classical principal component analysis and a better description of the asymmetry of the QBO between westerly and easterly shear zones and between their transitions. The compact NLPCA is then applied to the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index and aforementioned zonal winds to investigate the relationship of the AO with the QBO. The NLPCA of the AO index and zonal-winds dataset shows clearly that, of covariation of the two oscillations, the phase defined by the two nonlinear principal components progresses with a predominant 28.4-month periodicity, plus the 11-year and longer-period modulations. Large positive values of the AO index occur when westerlies prevail near the middle and upper levels of the equatorial stratosphere. Large negative values of the AO index arise when easterlies occupy over half the layer of the equatorial stratosphere. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Programs require strong support and guidance from those in leadership positions to ensure proper implementation (Fullen, 2001). Consequently, school site principals must rely on the training they have received to support them in making appropriate decisions. It is the school site principal’s leadership that is pivotal in the success of students with disabilities (DiPaola & Walther-Thomas, 2003; Monteith, 2000). In fact, the principal has a moral obligation to provide an environment that supports social justice in schools (Grogan & Andrews, 2002). The inclusion of students with disabilities does just that—it ensures that these students are not segregated to a “separate but equal” education. This study utilized a participant survey to collect data on principals’ beliefs and training in special education. This information was compared to the percentage of time students with disabilities spent with their non-disabled peers in the principals’ respective schools. An analysis was conducted to identify if a linear relationship exists between the selected variables and the inclusion percentages. Open-ended questions were included in the original survey which allowed for a thematic analysis of the responses. These responses were utilized to allow participants to further express their thoughts on the identified variables. Results indicated that there were no statistically significant relationships identified between the beliefs and training of secondary school site principals and the percentage of time that their students in special education spend with their non-disabled peers. Although the original research questions were not supported, further post hoc analysis indicated that the results obtained did support that the principals believed inclusion had a social benefit to students. Additional investigation into the academic benefits of inclusion is still needed. In addition, principals who indicated that they had some type of training in special education indicated a higher percentage that the individual student should be the focal point when making placement decisions. These results support the need for further research in the area of principal preparation programs and their relationships to the daily practice of school site principals.

This qualitative study centered on perceptions of the quality and effectiveness of online-educated principal interns from the viewpoint of principal mentors. Six current principals who have served as mentors to both online and traditionally educated principal interns were asked to name characteristics of successful interns, to discuss to what degree those characteristics have been observed in online-educated principal interns and to share their perceptions of the quality and effectiveness of online-educated interns. The individual interview responses were analyzed and interpreted using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes emerged through data analysis: (1) the importance of certain characteristics in predicting internship success; (2) the impact of program delivery method on principal intern effectiveness; and (3) the influence of perception and bias in hiring decisions. This study may provide a better understanding of the characteristics of successful interns to universities and colleges offering principal preparation programs, which may result in a better understanding of the elements of successful interns and productive internship experiences.

Existing literature provides newly identified responsibilities of the principal supervisor but lacks in information about how districts should strategically spearhead the process of initiating, implementing, and managing the changes to the role of the supervisor. In this study, I examined the behaviors and actions of one school district's executive-level leaders as they shifted the position of the principal supervisor. Findings could contribute to a new area of research in how district leaders may navigate and manage the complicated process of initiating and managing the changes to the principal supervisor's role.

This qualitative case study examined principals' perceptions regarding stress and burnout, investigated perspectives regarding ways to alleviate chronic stress, and analyzed the extent to which future role expectations are related to chronic stress and feelings of burnout. Perceptions of eight elementary principals in large, suburban school districts who experienced similar professional preparation prior to receiving their first principalship were analyzed. Participants, identified through criterion sampling, completed a demographic survey and then participated in a one-on-one interview with the researcher. Once data were collected, interviews were transcribed and analyzed to determine categories and themes. Findings revealed that participants struggle with significant stress in six specified domains: school type, students, parents and community, staff, district personnel, and other. Half of participants perceive that their stress will rise during the next five to ten years. Thirty-eight percent predicted that job stress will decline in the coming years, though they do not believe that identified stress factors will decrease. Instead, they believe that factors such as experience will help them to deal more effectively with the same challenges. Furthermore, 63% of participants do not plan to remain in their current principalship until retirement. All participants reported current personal stress-management strategies that fall into the categories of work-home balance or healthy habits. In campus-specific strategies, 63% focused on staff morale-building opportunities. Finally, 38% of participants did not feel that their district provides strategies that assist in the management of principalship stress.

"The author has had an interest in teacher welfare throughout his many years as a teacher and as a principal. Observation of his fellow teachers gave evidence of varying stages of adjustment and varying degrees of satisfaction and happiness in the profession. Allowing, even, for individual differences, the questions in his mind were: Why are some faculties more successful than others? Why are some teachers happy and well adjusted whereas others are neurotic, unhappy, and maladjusted? What can be done to build good teacher morale? What can the principal do to improve the personal and professional welfare of the teacher?"--Introduction. / "August, 1953." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: John Permenter, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-32).