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Tactile and Touchless Sensors Printed on Flexible Textile Substrates for Gesture RecognitionFerri Pascual, Josué 23 October 2020 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [EN] The main objective of this thesis is the development of new sensors and actuators using Printed Electronics technology. For this, conductive, semiconductor and dielectric polymeric materials are used on flexible and/or elastic substrates. By means of suitable designs and application processes, it is possible to manufacture sensors capable of interacting with the environment. In this way, specific sensing functionalities can be incorporated into the substrates, such as textile fabrics. Additionally, it is necessary to include electronic systems capable of processing the data obtained, as well as its registration. In the development of these sensors and actuators, the physical properties of the different materials are precisely combined. For this, multilayer structures are designed where the properties of some materials interact with those of others. The result is a sensor capable of capturing physical variations of the environment, and convert them into signals that can be processed, and finally transformed into data.
On the one hand, a tactile sensor printed on textile substrate for 2D gesture recognition was developed. This sensor consists of a matrix composed of small capacitive sensors based on a capacitor type structure. These sensors were designed in such a way that, if a finger or other object with capacitive properties, gets close enough, its behaviour varies, and it can be measured. The small sensors are arranged in this matrix as in a grid. Each sensor has a position that is determined by a row and a column. The capacity of each small sensor is periodically measured in order to assess whether significant variations have been produced. For this, it is necessary to convert the sensor capacity into a value that is subsequently digitally processed.
On the other hand, to improve the effectiveness in the use of the developed 2D touch sensors, the way of incorporating an actuator system was studied. Thereby, the user receives feedback that the order or action was recognized. To achieve this, the capacitive sensor grid was complemented with an electroluminescent screen printed as well. The final prototype offers a solution that combines a 2D tactile sensor with an electroluminescent actuator on a printed textile substrate.
Next, the development of a 3D gesture sensor was carried out using a combination of sensors also printed on textile substrate. In this type of 3D sensor, a signal is sent generating an electric field on the sensors. This is done using a transmission electrode located very close to them. The generated field is received by the reception sensors and converted to electrical signals. For this, the sensors are based on electrodes that act as receivers. If a person places their hands within the emission area, a disturbance of the electric field lines is created. This is due to the deviation of the lines to ground using the intrinsic conductivity of the human body. This disturbance affects the signals received by the electrodes. Variations captured by all electrodes are processed together and can determine the position and movement of the hand on the sensor surface.
Finally, the development of an improved 3D gesture sensor was carried out. As in the previous development, the sensor allows contactless gesture detection, but increasing the detection range. In addition to printed electronic technology, two other textile manufacturing technologies were evaluated. / [ES] La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo fundamental el desarrollo de nuevos sensores y actuadores empleando la tecnología electrónica impresa, también conocida como Printed Electronics. Para ello, se emplean materiales poliméricos conductores, semiconductores y dieléctricos sobre sustratos flexibles y/o elásticos. Por medio de diseños y procesos de aplicación adecuados, es posible fabricar sensores capaces de interactuar con el entorno. De este modo, se pueden incorporar a los sustratos, como puedan ser tejidos textiles, funcionalidades específicas de medición del entorno y de respuesta ante cambios de este. Adicionalmente, es necesario incluir sistemas electrónicos, capaces de realizar el procesado de los datos obtenidos, así como de su registro. En el desarrollo de estos sensores y actuadores se combinan las propiedades físicas de los diferentes materiales de forma precisa. Para ello, se diseñan estructuras multicapa donde las propiedades de unos materiales interaccionan con las de los demás. El resultado es un sensor capaz de captar variaciones físicas del entorno, y convertirlas en señales que pueden ser procesadas y transformadas finalmente en datos.
Por una parte, se ha desarrollado un sensor táctil impreso sobre sustrato textil para reconocimiento de gestos en 2D. Este sensor se compone de una matriz formada por pequeños sensores capacitivos basados en estructura de tipo condensador. Estos se han diseñado de forma que, si un dedo u otro objeto con propiedades capacitivas se aproxima suficientemente, su comportamiento varía, pudiendo ser medido. Los pequeños sensores están ordenados en dicha matriz como en una cuadrícula. Cada sensor tiene una posición que viene determinada por una fila y por una columna. Periódicamente se mide la capacidad de cada pequeño sensor con el fin de evaluar si ha sufrido variaciones significativas. Para ello es necesario convertir la capacidad del sensor en un valor que posteriormente es procesado digitalmente.
Por otro lado, con el fin de mejorar la efectividad en el uso de los sensores táctiles 2D desarrollados, se ha estudiado el modo de incorporar un sistema actuador. De esta forma, el usuario recibe una retroalimentación indicando que la orden o acción ha sido reconocida. Para ello, se ha complementado la matriz de sensores capacitivos con una pantalla electroluminiscente también impresa. El resultado final ofrece una solución que combina un sensor táctil 2D con un actuador electroluminiscente realizado mediante impresión electrónica sobre sustrato textil.
Posteriormente, se ha llevado a cabo el desarrollo de un sensor de gestos 3D empleando una combinación de sensores impresos también sobre sustrato textil. En este tipo de sensor 3D, se envía una señal que genera un campo eléctrico sobre los sensores impresos. Esto se lleva a cabo mediante un electrodo de transmisión situado muy cerca de ellos. El campo generado es recibido por los sensores y convertido a señales eléctricas. Para ello, los sensores se basan en electrodos que actúan de receptores. Si una persona coloca su mano dentro del área de emisión, se crea una perturbación de las líneas de los campos eléctricos. Esto es debido a la desviación de las líneas de campo a tierra utilizando la conductividad intrínseca del cuerpo humano. Esta perturbación cambia/afecta a las señales recibidas por los electrodos. Las variaciones captadas por todos los electrodos son procesadas de forma conjunta pudiendo determinar la posición y el movimiento de la mano sobre la superficie del sensor.
Finalmente, se ha llevado a cabo el desarrollo de un sensor de gestos 3D mejorado. Al igual que el desarrollo anterior, permite la detección de gestos sin necesidad de contacto, pero incrementando la distancia de alcance. Además de la tecnología de impresión electrónica, se ha evaluado el empleo de otras dos tecnologías de fabricación textil. / [CA] La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu fonamental el desenvolupament de nous sensors i actuadors fent servir la tecnologia de electrònica impresa, també coneguda com Printed Electronics. Es va fer us de materials polimèrics conductors, semiconductors i dielèctrics sobre substrats flexibles i/o elàstics. Per mitjà de dissenys i processos d'aplicació adequats, és possible fabricar sensors capaços d'interactuar amb l'entorn. D'aquesta manera, es poden incorporar als substrats, com ara teixits tèxtils, funcionalitats específiques de mesurament de l'entorn i de resposta davant canvis d'aquest. Addicionalment, és necessari incloure sistemes electrònics, capaços de realitzar el processament de les dades obtingudes, així com del seu registre. En el desenvolupament d'aquests sensors i actuadors es combinen les propietats físiques dels diferents materials de forma precisa. Cal dissenyar estructures multicapa on les propietats d'uns materials interaccionen amb les de la resta. manera El resultat es un sensor capaç de captar variacions físiques de l'entorn, i convertirles en senyals que poden ser processades i convertides en dades. D'una banda, s'ha desenvolupat un sensor tàctil imprès sobre substrat tèxtil per a reconeixement de gestos en 2D. Aquest sensor es compon d'una matriu formada amb petits sensors capacitius basats en una estructura de tipus condensador. Aquests s'han dissenyat de manera que, si un dit o un altre objecte amb propietats capacitives s'aproxima prou, el seu comportament varia, podent ser mesurat. Els petits sensors estan ordenats en aquesta matriu com en una quadrícula. Cada sensor té una posició que ve determinada per una fila i per una columna. Periòdicament es mesura la capacitat de cada petit sensor per tal d'avaluar si ha sofert variacions significatives. Per a això cal convertir la capacitat del sensor a un valor que posteriorment és processat digitalment. D'altra banda, per tal de millorar l'efectivitat en l'ús dels sensors tàctils 2D desenvolupats, s'ha estudiat la manera d'incorporar un sistema actuador. D'aquesta forma, l'usuari rep una retroalimentació indicant que l'ordre o acció ha estat reconeguda. Per a això, s'ha complementat la matriu de sensors capacitius amb una pantalla electroluminescent també impresa. El resultat final ofereix una solució que combina un sensor tàctil 2D amb un actuador electroluminescent realitzat mitjançant impressió electrònica sobre substrat tèxtil. Posteriorment, s'ha dut a terme el desenvolupament d'un sensor de gestos 3D emprant una combinació d'un mínim de sensors impresos també sobre substrat tèxtil. En aquest tipus de sensor 3D, s'envia un senyal que genera un camp elèctric sobre els sensors impresos. Això es porta a terme mitjançant un elèctrode de transmissió situat molt a proper a ells. El camp generat és rebut pels sensors i convertit a senyals elèctrics. Per això, els sensors es basen en elèctrodes que actuen de receptors. Si una persona col·loca la seva mà dins de l'àrea d'emissió, es crea una pertorbació de les línies dels camps elèctrics. Això és a causa de la desviació de les línies de camp a terra utilitzant la conductivitat intrínseca de el cos humà. Aquesta pertorbació afecta als senyals rebudes pels elèctrodes. Les variacions captades per tots els elèctrodes són processades de manera conjunta per determinar la posició i el moviment de la mà sobre la superfície del sensor. Finalment, s'ha dut a terme el desenvolupament d'un sensor de gestos 3D millorat. A l'igual que el desenvolupament anterior, permet la detecció de gestos sense necessitat de contacte, però incrementant la distància d'abast. A més a més de la tecnologia d'impressió electrònica, s'ha avaluat emprar altres dues tecnologies de fabricació tèxtil. / Ferri Pascual, J. (2020). Tactile and Touchless Sensors Printed on Flexible Textile Substrates for Gesture Recognition [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/153075 / Compendio
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Integration gedruckter Elektronik in Kunststoffe durch Folienhinterspritzen / Integration of Printed Electronic Devices into Plastic Components by Film Insert MoldingWeigelt, Karin 10 February 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Ausgehend von der Anwendung von Folienhinterspritzprozessen für dekorative Zwecke wurde deren Nutzung für die Integration elektronischer Strukturen in Kunststoffbauteile untersucht. Die Herstellung der elektronischen Bauelemente erfolgte mittels verschiedener Druckverfahren mit elektrisch leitfähigen und dielektrischen Materialien auf Polycarbonatfolien. Im Fokus standen zum einen kapazitiv auslesbare Speicherstrukturen und zum anderen Elektrolumineszenzleuchten. Nach dem Druck wurden die bedruckten Folien z. T. verformt und hinterspritzt. In der Arbeit wird auf die Auswirkungen der Verform- und Hinterspritzprozesse eingegangen. Schwerpunktmäßig wird die elektronische bzw. optische Funktionalität der Bauelemente, die Beeinflussung durch Klimaveränderungen und die Haftfestigkeit der Folien betrachtet. Im Ergebnis konnten erstmals die Realisierbarkeit hinterspritzter elektronischer Bauelemente nachgewiesen sowie verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf deren Funktionalität identifiziert werden. / Based on the application of film insert molding for graphic purposes, the utilization of this process for the integration of electronic devices into plastic components was examined. The manufacturing of the electronic devices was realized by applying electrical conductive and dielectric inks on polycarbonate foil by various printing processes. Capacitive data storage patterns and electroluminescent lamps are the main applications. The production sequence included the printing process, forming of the foil where required and back injection molding. The impact of forming and film insert molding was investigated. The electronic and/or optical functionality of the devices, the influence of ambient conditions like temperature or humidity and the adhesion strength of the foils were in the focus of the evaluation. As a result, the feasibility of film insert molded electronic devices could be verified and various impact factors could be identified for the first time.
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Conception, Réalisation et Caractérisation de papiers fonctionnels pour des applications de filtrage électromagnétique / Design, Development and Characterization of functional paper for filtering electromagnetic applicationsBarros, Fabien de 19 December 2011 (has links)
Le brouillard électromagnétique dans lequel nous vivons en permanence estaujourd’hui montré du doigt car, outre les risques sanitaires qu’il pourrait engendrer, illimite l’usage de certaines technologies. L’importance des interférences entre réseauxsans fil, ou la peur du piratage sur ces mêmes réseaux, en sont deux exemples. Cetravail de thèse vise à développer un nouveau moyen de protection contre certaines deces ondes électromagnétiques. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail se focalise sur unetechnologie capable de filtrer uniquement les ondes WiFi et GSM à travers de grandessurfaces d’une habitation, comme un mur. Pour ce faire, la fonctionnalisation d’uncomposant standard des bâtiments, le papier-peint, a été étudié.L’utilisation de surfaces sélectives en fréquence a été retenue. Ces motifs sontdirectement imprimés sur du papier à l’aide d’encre conductrice et de la techniqued’impression flexographique. L’étude s’est également portée sur la réalisation de motifsde filtrage innovants. Les résultats de simulation montrent qu’ils sont capables de filtrerdeux ou trois bandes, qu’ils sont quasiment insensibles à la polarisation et à l’angled’incidence dans une plage allant de 0° à ± 80°. Le travail a ensuite permis dedémontrer la faisabilité pratique de ce concept aux stades laboratoire et industriel.Ensuite, nous avons démontré expérimentalement l’efficacité de ce concept dans lesbandes WiFi. La transmission atteint alors -30 dB. Enfin, une validation expérimentaledu produit en situation réelle a été menée, à savoir la pose du papier-peint sur du plâtre,du bois, l’influence de la colle ou encore la pose d’une couche de papier-peint décoratifpar-dessus le produit.En conclusion, les résultats pratiques obtenus confirment les résultats théoriquesestimés et, permettent à ce nouveau concept, appelé métapapier, d’être suffisammentefficace pour permettre la réduction des ondes WiFi ou GSM. / The electromagnetic smog in which we live today is nowadays a real issue because it limits the use of certain technologies and also because there are some potential health risks associated with it, even if the latter is still a controversial subject. The importance of the interferences between wireless networks or the possibility of data hacking on the same networks are two examples. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new way to protect buildings against some of these electromagnetic waves. More specifically, this work focuses on a technology able to filter only the WiFi and the GSM waves through large areas of a home, like a wall for example. To do this, the functionalization of a standard component of buildings, the wallpaper, was studied. The use of frequency selective surface (FSS) was chosen. These patterns are printed directly on paper with a conductive ink printing technology: the flexography. The study also focuses on the realization of innovative filter designs. Simulation results show that these novel FSS are able to filter two or three bands. They are almost insensitive to the polarization and to the angle of incidence in the range of 0° to ±80°. The realization feasibility of this concept in a laboratory or in industrial conditions was demonstrated. Next, an experimental demonstration of this concept in the WiFi bands was carried out. In this context, the transmission coefficient was reached -30 dB. Finally, an experimental validation of the product in real conditions of use was conducted, namely the wallpaper was put over plasterboards or over wood panels. Also, the influence of the glue on the general performances and the placement of a decorative wallpaper over the FSS wallpaper were studied. In conclusion, the practical results obtained confirm and validate the theoretical predictions of this new concept, called metapaper, and show that the practical realizations are efficient enough to allow the reduction of WiFi or GSM signals.
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Apport des couches interfaciales à base d'oxyde de zinc déposé par pulvérisation dans les performances des cellules photovoltaïques organiques compatibles avec des substrats flexibles / Contribution of interfacial layers based on zinc oxide deposited by sputtering in the performance of organic photovoltaic cells compatible with flexible substratesJouane, Youssef 02 October 2012 (has links)
L’exploitation des couches interfaciales à base de d’oxydes métalliques ouvre des perspectives nouvelles dans le domaine des cellules photovoltaïques organiques (PVOs).Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le développement, la caractérisation et l’analyse de couches interfaciales, à base d’oxyde de zinc (ZnO), déposées par pulvérisation cathodique, dans l’élaboration de dispositifs solaires compatibles avec des substrats flexibles et des procédés « roll-to-roll ». Après un état de l’art du domaine, une première étude sera consacrée à l'apport et à l’optimisation des dépôts par pulvérisation cathodique des films de ZnO sur des couches actives de P3HT:PCBM dans le cas de structures conventionnelles. Une seconde partie mettra en évidence l'importance des procédés de recuit des couches de ZnO déposées sur des substrats flexibles ou rigides à base d’ITO pour des structures inverses de cellules PVOs flexibles. Suite à ces études, l’élaboration de ces dispositifs sera testée et validée à partir de techniques inspirées de la lithographie douce. L’interfaçage des films de ZnO avec de nouveaux matériaux tel que le graphène sera également abordé dans ces recherches. / Exploring interfacial layers based on metal oxides opens new perspectives in the field of organic photovoltaic (OPV). This thesis takes place in development, characterization and analysis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) based interfacial layers, deposited by sputtering in the preparation of solar cells devices compatible with flexible substrates and "roll-to-roll" process. After a state of art, the first study will focus on contribution and optimization of ZnO films sputtered on active layer (P3HT:PCBM) for conventional structures. A second study will highlight the importance of annealing processes of ZnO layers deposited on flexible and rigid substrates based on ITO for inverse flexible solar cells. Following these studies, the development of the devices will be tested and validated using printing techniques inspired from soft lithography. Finally, new materials as graphene will be interfaced with ZnO layers and discuss in this research.
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All-inkjet-printed thin-film transistors: manufacturing process reliability by root cause analysisSowade, Enrico, Ramon, Eloi, Mitra, Kalyan Yoti, Martínez-Domingo, Carme, Pedró, Marta, Pallarès, Jofre, Loffredo, Fausta, Villani, Fulvia, Gomes, Henrique L., Terés, Lluís, Baumann, Reinhard R. 10 October 2016 (has links)
We report on the detailed electrical investigation of all-inkjet-printed thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays focusing on TFT failures and their origins. The TFT arrays were manufactured on flexible polymer substrates in ambient condition without the need for cleanroom environment or inert atmosphere and at a maximum temperature of 150 °C. Alternative manufacturing processes for electronic devices such as inkjet printing suffer from lower accuracy compared to traditional microelectronic manufacturing methods. Furthermore, usually printing methods do not allow the manufacturing of electronic devices with high yield (high number of functional devices). In general, the manufacturing yield is much lower compared to the established conventional manufacturing methods based on lithography. Thus, the focus of this contribution is set on a comprehensive analysis of defective TFTs printed by inkjet technology. Based on root cause analysis, we present the defects by developing failure categories and discuss the reasons for the defects. This procedure identifies failure origins and allows the optimization of the manufacturing resulting finally to a yield improvement.
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Integration gedruckter Elektronik in Kunststoffe durch FolienhinterspritzenWeigelt, Karin 29 May 2013 (has links)
Ausgehend von der Anwendung von Folienhinterspritzprozessen für dekorative Zwecke wurde deren Nutzung für die Integration elektronischer Strukturen in Kunststoffbauteile untersucht. Die Herstellung der elektronischen Bauelemente erfolgte mittels verschiedener Druckverfahren mit elektrisch leitfähigen und dielektrischen Materialien auf Polycarbonatfolien. Im Fokus standen zum einen kapazitiv auslesbare Speicherstrukturen und zum anderen Elektrolumineszenzleuchten. Nach dem Druck wurden die bedruckten Folien z. T. verformt und hinterspritzt. In der Arbeit wird auf die Auswirkungen der Verform- und Hinterspritzprozesse eingegangen. Schwerpunktmäßig wird die elektronische bzw. optische Funktionalität der Bauelemente, die Beeinflussung durch Klimaveränderungen und die Haftfestigkeit der Folien betrachtet. Im Ergebnis konnten erstmals die Realisierbarkeit hinterspritzter elektronischer Bauelemente nachgewiesen sowie verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf deren Funktionalität identifiziert werden. / Based on the application of film insert molding for graphic purposes, the utilization of this process for the integration of electronic devices into plastic components was examined. The manufacturing of the electronic devices was realized by applying electrical conductive and dielectric inks on polycarbonate foil by various printing processes. Capacitive data storage patterns and electroluminescent lamps are the main applications. The production sequence included the printing process, forming of the foil where required and back injection molding. The impact of forming and film insert molding was investigated. The electronic and/or optical functionality of the devices, the influence of ambient conditions like temperature or humidity and the adhesion strength of the foils were in the focus of the evaluation. As a result, the feasibility of film insert molded electronic devices could be verified and various impact factors could be identified for the first time.
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NONDESTRUCTIVE PROCESSING OF PRINTED BIMODAL MATREIALS FOR FABRICATION OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL FLEXIBLE DEVICESAmin Zareei (15339034) 24 April 2023 (has links)
<p> </p>
<p>Printed electronics (PE) is one of the fastest growing technologies in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Recent reports have shown that PE market will reach 4.9 billion by 2032. PE refers to additive deposition of materials to fabricate electrical circuits, interconnects, and devices. </p>
<p>The quest for developing nondestructive processes that enables additive manufacturing of low-cost PEs on heat-sensitive substrates with novel functionalities has resulted in several recent developments in the field which includes investigation of selective and optical sintering processes such as photonic sintering and laser sintering, to name a few. Broadly, this dissertation is an effort to study these sintering technologies for additive manufacturing of bimodal (metal/metal, metal/inorganic, and metal/organic) printed material compositions. </p>
<p>In the first section, nondestructive sintering technologies is combined with chemical sintering to develop bimodal metallic conductive pastes for the fabrication of biodegradable and non-biodegradable printed devices for applications in food packaging and wireless smart drug delivery.</p>
<p>Next, a process is developed via near-infrared (NIR) technology to enable soldering and mounting electrical components onto printed materials using low-temperature bimodal metal/organic solder pastes. The developed optimized process is used to fabricate a flexible printed hybrid device for remote assessment of the wound exudate absorption in dressings.</p>
<p>Lastly, laser processing is used to fabricate an antibacterial bimodal silver containing glass ceramics coating directly on temperature-sensitive polymeric surgical meshes. The integrated bioceramic coating on the mesh exhibits long-lasting antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains of bacteria. </p>
<p>The results of this dissertation will open a new route of research to fabricate low-cost devices with bimodal materials with applications in medical device, healthcare, and packaging industries. </p>
<p><br></p>
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Development of Resistor-based Silver and Zinc Devices using Novel Applications of Inkjet PrintingRadwan, Abdulaziz (Aziz) N. 27 January 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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