Thesis (doctoral)--Wilhelm-Universität zu Münster.

This thesis aims to explore a historical development of legal rules (according to CIC 1983, as well as non-codex cannons ) with respect to the Privileges of the Faith, i.e. the ancient Privilegium Paulinum and the more recent Privilegium Petrinum. The thesis provides a comparison of the common elements and differences between both legal institutes, and furthermore an identification of the major causes leading to changes in the canonical regulations. Based on practical examples of the application of these legal institutes, it concludes by discussing a potential future development of their application (de lege ferenda).

This work deals with the person and period of Přemysl Otakar I and above all with the Bohemian church, which at this time was fighting for its independence. I attempt here to describe Přemysl's achievement of a great success in the form of the Golden Bull of Sicily. I also address the ecclesiastical struggle that Bishop Ondřej conducted with the king. This whole struggle between church and state culminated in great privileges issued to the church by Přemysl Otakar I. In this work I describe both these successes, ecclesiastical and statebuilding. I approach this struggle from the position of the church and from the position of the state and in conclusion I summarise the impact the result of this struggle had on the Bohemian church. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Mobile applications tend to access data beyond their intended functionality and share this data with third parties for various purposes including marketing, profiling and advertisement. This data also includes user’s personal information and access to this personal information without user’s consent put user’s privacy at risk. User’s Inability to easily find privacy friendly apps and befuddling permission requests paves the way for malicious apps to get access to user’s personal information. Keeping in mind the different level of privacy aware users, we have presented a privacy enforcement framework in this thesis. This framework not only helps user to find alternative privacy friendly apps but also encourage users to review their privacy settings on the smartphone. An app discovery tool is developed to search privacy friendly apps amongst the group with similar functionality. The search results are sorted by privacy friendly score which is calculated using simplified version of risk assessment method known as EBIOS. Threat posed to personal information by various apps are then highlighted and presented to user in an easy-to-understand way before installing the app. We have validated the results of our discovery tool by comparing them to the manual inspection of various functional groups i.e., group of applications with similar functionality. Two list of permissions, one created by subjective and manual analysis of abstract functionality of functional group called expert opinion and other created by our tool based on permissions requested by functional group are compared. Our tool has correctly identified the permissions which are similar to expert opinion. / Mobila applikationer tenderar att ta del av data utanför deras tilltänkta funktionalitet och delar den här datan med tredjehands parter för olika syften som marknadsföring, profilering och reklam. Datan inkluderar även personlig information och tillgång till den personliga informationen utan användarens medvetande sätter användarens integritet i risk. Användares oförmåga att enkelt hitta integritetsvänliga appar och förvirrande godkännande förfrågningar öppnar vägen för illvilliga appar att få tillgång till användarens personliga information. Med tanke på hur olika användare uppmärksammar integritetnivåer presenterar vi ett integritetsupprätthållande ramverk i den här uppsatsen. Ramverket hjälper inte bara användare att hitta integritetsvänliga appar utan uppmuntrar även användaren att granska integritetsinställningarna i sin telefon. Ett applikationsupptäckarverktyg utvecklades för att söka efter integritetsvänliga appar inom samma funktionsområde. Sökresultatet är sorterat efter en integritetsvänlighetspoäng beräknad med en förenklad version av riskbedömningsmetoden känd som EBIOS. Hot mot personlig information från olika appar uppmärksammas och presenteras på ett användarvänligt sätt innan appen installeras. Vi har validerat resultatet från vårt applikationsupptäckarverktyg genom att jämföra det med en manuell inspektion av appar inom samma funktionsområde, exempelvist grupper av applikationer med liknande funktion. Två listor togs fram, en framtagen genom subjektiv och manuell analys av normal funktionalitet kallad expertutlåtande och en framtagen av vårt applikationsupptäckarverktyg baserat på funktionsområde. Vårt verktyg har korrekt identifierat godkännande i likhet med expertutlåtandet.

Content of graduation theses is focused on civil divorce and church nullity of marriage. Graduation theses are divided in three Themes, secular law, canon law and comparison. First part is aimed at civil law which regulates divorce. Second part is focused on canon law. It conducts a study of church nullity of marriage in consequence of marriage agreement failure, canon form or impedimenta presence. Third part compares ways of marriage termination in Czech secular law and ways of marriage cessation in catholic canon law. It tries to find their equivalent components, their dissimilarities and relationship. The canon law is a base of comparison. Secular law is based upon the tenet of marriage dissolvability. Canon law is based upon the tenet of marriage indissolubleness. Marriage divorce in the civil law is ineffective in the canon law respectively church nullity of marriage is ineffective in the secular law of the Czech Republic.

Introduction:Uveitis in an ocular inflammation affecting mostly people of working age. Uveitis is responsible for severe visual impairment despite of expanding new therapeutics. The animal models of uveitis were established, because the wide clinical variability of uveitis limits the studies in human medicine. The goal our project was to establish a reproducible model of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Czech Republic, and further on this model to observe the frequency of CD3+ and F4/80+ cells in retina, to assess the influence of microbial environment on intensity of intraocular inflammation and to test the therapeutical possibilities. Material and methods: The C57BL/6J mice were immunized by retinal antigen (IRBP 1-20, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein), enhanced by complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis toxin and mild posterior autoimmune uveitis was induced. The mice were bred in conventional and germ-free (gnotobiotic) conditions. The uveitis intensity was evaluated in vivo biomicroscopically and post mortem histologically on hematoxylin eosin stained sections according to the standard protocol. The histological eye specimen were analyzed also by imunohistochemisty and by flow cytometry. Each experiment was performed for 35 days. The conventional mice with uveitis were treated...

Introduction:Uveitis in an ocular inflammation affecting mostly people of working age. Uveitis is responsible for severe visual impairment despite of expanding new therapeutics. The animal models of uveitis were established, because the wide clinical variability of uveitis limits the studies in human medicine. The goal our project was to establish a reproducible model of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Czech Republic, and further on this model to observe the frequency of CD3+ and F4/80+ cells in retina, to assess the influence of microbial environment on intensity of intraocular inflammation and to test the therapeutical possibilities. Material and methods: The C57BL/6J mice were immunized by retinal antigen (IRBP 1-20, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein), enhanced by complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis toxin and mild posterior autoimmune uveitis was induced. The mice were bred in conventional and germ-free (gnotobiotic) conditions. The uveitis intensity was evaluated in vivo biomicroscopically and post mortem histologically on hematoxylin eosin stained sections according to the standard protocol. The histological eye specimen were analyzed also by imunohistochemisty and by flow cytometry. Each experiment was performed for 35 days. The conventional mice with uveitis were treated...

In terms of ethnic background, the labor market of the twenty-first century may be more culturally diverse than ever. At the same time, cultural, racial and ethnic bias are frequently reflected in organizational hierarchy. Power disparities affect interactions between people of different cultures since persons from ethnic minorities are typically shut out of high-ranking positions in Western nations. The homogeneity of most management demonstrates the various gaps in the widespread perception of cultural, ethnic and racial bias. Additionally, given the ambiguity surrounding the connection between organizational structures and racial bias, D&I deployment in organizations can occasionally be dispersed. The aim of this study is to raise awareness of how employees' ethnicity influences career advancement in a multinational organizational culture. In addition to providing insights into issues facing the culture, this tries to pinpoint perceived disparities that are brought on by existing institutions and cultures. The analytical unit is a subsidiary of a multinational company with its headquarters in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews, also known as qualitative research interviews, were conducted. The study focused on employees at lower levels of the hierarchy and had a global scope. The findings revealed that when it came to questions about nationality and career advancement, non-Western employees were typically aware of cultural, ethnic, or racial bias and could reflect on complex issues within these topics, in contrast to Western employees who were not as familiar with these topics. While this study has provided insight into the perspectives of employees and members of ethnic minorities on career advancement, there are still a great deal of unexplored fields. Based on the study's findings, employers and employees are better equipped to understand the concepts, detect examples, and build the necessary skills and instruments to overcome ethnic bias through awareness-raising and training, social dialogue, and diversity research. / När det gäller etnisk bakgrund kan det tjugoförsta århundradets arbetsmarknad vara mer kulturellt varierat än någonsin. Samtidigt återspeglas kulturella, rasmässiga och etniska fördomar ofta i organisatorisk hierarki. Maktskillnader påverkar interaktioner mellan människor från olika kulturer eftersom personer från etniska minoriteter vanligtvis stängs ute från högt uppsatta positioner i västerländska länder. Homogeniteten hos de flesta företagsledningar visar de olika klyftorna i den utbredda uppfattningen om kulturell, etnisk och rasistisk fördom. Dessutom, med tanke på oklarheten kring sambandet mellan organisationsstrukturer och etniska fördomar, kan tillämpningen av D&I-initiativ i organisationer ibland vara oklar.  Syftet med denna studie är att öka medvetenheten om hur anställdas etnicitet påverkar karriärutvecklingen i en multinationell organisationskultur. Förutom att ge insikter i frågor som kulturen står inför, försöker detta att lokalisera upplevda skillnader som orsakas av befintliga institutioner och kulturer. Studien utförs på en enhet till ett multinationellt företag med huvudkontor i Sverige. Semistrukturerade intervjuer, även kallade kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer, genomfördes. Studien fokuserade på anställda på lägre nivåer i hierarkin och hade en global räckvidd. Resultaten visade att när det gällde frågor om nationalitet och karriärutveckling, var icke-västerländska anställda vanligtvis medvetna om kulturella, etniska eller rasistiska fördomar och kunde reflektera över komplexa frågor inom dessa ämnen, i motsats till västerländska anställda som inte var lika bekanta med dessa ämnen. Även om denna studie har gett insikt i perspektiven för anställda och medlemmar av etniska minoriteter gällande karriärutveckling, finns det fortfarande en hel del outforskade områden. Baserat på studiens resultat är arbetsgivare och anställda bättre rustade att förstå begreppen, upptäcka exempel och bygga de nödvändiga färdigheterna och instrumenten för att arbeta emot etniska fördomar genom utbildning, social dialog och forskning om mångfald.