<p>We investigate the use of noise degraded facial images in the application of facial expression recognition. In particular, we trained Gabor+SVMclassifiers to recognize facial expressions images with various types of noise. We applied Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, varying levels of salt and pepper noise, and speckle noise to noiseless facial images. Classifiers were trained with images without noise and then tested on the images with noise. Next, the classifiers were trained using images with noise, and then on tested both images that had noise, and images that were noiseless. Finally, classifiers were tested on images while increasing the levels of salt and pepper in the test set. Our results reflected distinct degradation of recognition accuracy. We also discovered that certain types of noise, particularly Gaussian and Poisson noise, boost recognition rates to levels greater than would be achieved by normal, noiseless images. We attribute this effect to the Gaussian envelope component of Gabor filters being sympathetic to Gaussian-like noise, which is similar in variance to that of the Gabor filters. Finally, using linear regression, we mapped a mathematical model to this degradation and used it to suggest how recognition rates would degrade further should more noise be added to the images.</p>

In this thesis, the wind-wave records obtained at three locations along the Turkish coasts (Alanya, Dalaman and Hopa) are analyzed. Probability distributions of individual wave characteristics (wave height, wave period and wave steepness) are obtained and compared with the model distributions. Goodness of fit of the observed distributions is checked by Chi-square test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Joint probability distribution of individual wave heights and periods is also studied and compared with the theoretical distributions. The relationships among various statistical wave height parameters and statistical wave period parameters are investigated and compared with the theoretical and reported values.

ABSTRACT UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT IN RESERVE ESTIMATION OF A NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIR ERI&Ccedil / OK, &Ouml / zlen M.S., Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Fevzi G&Uuml / MRAH December 2004, 169 pages Reservoir performance prediction and reserve estimation depend on various petrophysical parameters which have uncertainties due to available technology. For a proper and economical field development, these parameters must be determined by taking into consideration their uncertainty level and probable data ranges. For implementing uncertainty assessment on estimation of original oil in place (OOIP) of a field, a naturally fractured carbonate field, Field-A, is chosen to work with. Since field information is obtained by drilling and testing wells throughout the field, uncertainty in true ranges of reservoir parameters evolve due to impossibility of drilling every location on an area. This study is based on defining the probability distribution of uncertain variables in reserve estimation and evaluating probable reserve amount by using Monte Carlo simulation method. Probabilistic reserve estimation gives the whole range of probable v original oil in place amount of a field. The results are given by their likelyhood of occurance as P10, P50 and P90 reserves in summary. In the study, Field-A reserves at Southeast of Turkey are estimated by probabilistic methods for three producing zones / Karabogaz Formation, Kbb-C Member of Karababa formation and Derdere Formation. Probability density function of petrophysical parameters are evaluated as inputs in volumetric reserve estimation method and probable reserves are calculated by @Risk software program that is used for implementing Monte Carlo method. Outcomes of the simulation showed that Field-A has P50 reserves as 11.2 MMstb in matrix and 2.0 MMstb in fracture of Karabogaz Formation, 15.7 MMstb in matrix and 3.7 MMstb in fracture of Kbb-C Member and 10.6 MMstb in matrix and 1.6 MMstb in fracture of Derdere Formation. Sensitivity analysis of the inputs showed that matrix porosity, net thickness and fracture porosity are significant in Karabogaz Formation and Kbb-C Member reserve estimation while water saturation and fracture porosity are most significant in estimation of Derdere Formation reserves.

Submitted by Matheus Faria (mathnf@gmail.com) on 2014-08-14T21:19:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Matheus Nascif.pdf: 1111352 bytes, checksum: 57093d0997e459e3be627507d6928945 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Gammaro (gisele.gammaro@fgv.br) on 2014-08-29T17:24:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Matheus Nascif.pdf: 1111352 bytes, checksum: 57093d0997e459e3be627507d6928945 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Gammaro (gisele.gammaro@fgv.br) on 2014-08-29T17:41:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Matheus Nascif.pdf: 1111352 bytes, checksum: 57093d0997e459e3be627507d6928945 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T13:55:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Matheus Nascif.pdf: 1111352 bytes, checksum: 57093d0997e459e3be627507d6928945 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / This paper explores an important concept developed by Breeden & Litzenberger in which extract information contained in interest options in the Brazilian IDI Option market. It will be demonstrated the IDI Option Behavior under the Securities, Commodities and Futures Exchange (BM & FBOVESPA) before and after the Central Bank Meetings on the Selic Rate. The method involved determines the probability distribution through the prices of options after calculating the implied volatility surface IDI. It uses two common techniques on the market: Cubic Spline interpolation and Black (1976). / Este trabalho explora um importante conceito desenvolvido por Breeden & Litzenberger para extrair informações contidas nas opções de juros no mercado brasileiro (Opção Sobre IDI), no âmbito da Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA) dias antes e após a decisão do COPOM sobre a taxa Selic. O método consiste em determinar a distribuição de probabilidade através dos preços das opções sobre IDI, após o cálculo da superfície de volatilidade implícita, utilizando duas técnicas difundidas no mercado: Interpolação Cúbica (Spline Cubic) e Modelo de Black (1976). Serão analisados os quatro primeiros momentos da distribuição: valor esperado, variância, assimetria e curtose, assim como suas respectivas variações.

The target of this diploma work was to find and apply the most effective simulation model of pig breeding at particular company. Partial goal of this work was to identify the breeding technologies and simulation methods. The data was elaborated in program Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and the simulation model was compiled in @RISK 5.5 software. After the application of simulation model I found out, that in the chosen company was landrase pig race getting higher profitability than bílé ušlechtilé pig race. Another result points to that the shorter time of weaning of piglets has positive influence at company profitability. On the base of this results was recommended to the company to rise up the part of landrase pig race and to short the time of weaning of piglets. There was also generated the curved line of sow´s profitability in it´s individual litters, which helps to culling of sows and to integration of sows into the herd.

From the knowledge gained by studying scientific publications and other resources on possibilities of applying stochastic approach in planning, directing and controlling the projects will be evaluated time analysis of the construction project. The project will be analyzed using simulation techniques. The subject of research, the project Modernization of the Czech Budejovice - Nemanice, which will be designed for appropriate recommendations.

Theme of our thesis is in generally not much mapped issues, regarding education and prepares people and especially pupils of elementary schools in Slovak Republic. Theme I chose because of my long experience with issues relating to the protection of human health and life associated with the provision of the first aid and solutions incidents as medical paramedic, voluntary fire brigade and civil protection units. The aim of this thesis is to identify and assess expert opinion on civil protection and crisis management of education and teachers' preparedness to deal with emergencies and the need to introduce a separate subject civil protection in elementary schools Slovak Republic. Another aim is to analyze teachers interested in establishing a separate school subject civil protection in elementary schools Slovak Republic. Based on research in the practical part we set other goals: create a draft manual educationally education program on civil population protection for upper elementary schools and its subsequent implementation in the selected elementary school in Dojč. A handbook could serve for the preparation of pupils for self-defense and mutual assistance in the development of emergencies. Research was realized using qualitative and quantitative, analytical and synthetic, inductive-deductive methods, in the form of semi-structured interviews with experts in civil protection of the population and statistical survey among teachers in elementary schools in Slovak Republic. Researches question ?It is considered important to establish a separate subject of civilian protection in elementary schools of Slovak Republic?? Was it answered and statistical verificated. The result of statistical investigation was positive; this means that teachers are agreed on the necessity of establishment an independent subject of civil protection. On-backed talks, we have concluded that the instruction relating to the protection of civilian populations is inadequate. Teachers haven't got any sources to draw from and also their knowledge are not satisfactory. We believe that the practical ignorance and inaction after the unusual event in its first phase could have fatal consequences.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-06-26T11:50:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7515806 bytes, checksum: a09d41d012f6b4bd6ac4e7f7ffd37975 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T11:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7515806 bytes, checksum: a09d41d012f6b4bd6ac4e7f7ffd37975 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Many indicators have been used to verify the e ciency and quality of services in primary health care. Recently, this level of attention has been evaluated in Brazil. The ambulatory cary sensitive conditions (ACSC), represent a set of health problems that should not reach tertiary care in large numbers, since an e ective primary care action would solve some of these pathologies. Hear, the present study is justi ed by the need to use hospitalizations for ACSC as a base for quality and access indicator for the Primary Care of the health system of Brazilian cities, in association with the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Therefore, we aim to estimate statistical reference values for ambulatory cary sensitive conditions, based on the adjustment of continuous probability distributions, in order to classify the health system of the Brazilian cities into levels of performance, namely: desirable, intermediate, worrying and not acceptable. The thesis that is defended is that the achievement of a statistical reference value, capable of classifying by ASCS, in performance levels for the Brazilian cities, will aid in decision-making processes in the units of FHS, optimizing the health actions in these units, as well as, providing the prevention of unnecessary expenses in the other levels of attention. This is an epidemiological, ecological and inferential study of quantitative approaches, based on the secondary database of the Hospital Information System of the Unique Health System, with the selection of absolute frequencies of diagnostic groups referring to ambulatory cary sensitive conditions to Primary Care, for 2015. Subsequently, these frequencies were transformed into rates per 10,000 inhabitants, making it possible to compare the ACSCs of all Brazilian cities, regardless of their population contingents. From the statistical point of view, the adjustment of continuous probability distributions through the goodness-of- t tests and graphic support were processed using software R, version 3.0.3. Based on the results, a greater incidence of hospital admissions was observed due to pathologies related to gastroenteric, cardiac and renal problems. In view of the three scenarios investigated (Brazil, Northeast and Para ba), the Northeast presents records of hospitalizations for asthma, a diagnosis not observed as one of the three highest incidences at national and state level. It was also evidenced that most of the Brazilian cities investigated in this study have their health systems classi ed as not acceptable. The city of S~ao Paulo, for example, is one such case accounting for 9.471 hospitalizations of patients with heart failure in 2015. Thus, its health system would be considered desirable if there were up to 1.532 records. An intermediate level of performance would range from more than 1.532 to a maximum of 2.944 cases, while the level of concern would be more than 2.944 to 4.177 hospitalizations. An unacceptable performance level is recorded from 4.177 ICSAP. In Brazil, when it comes to the Basic Attention scenario, although advances are perceived, the prospect of reducing the ACSC to minimum values, as is desirable, is still far from the reality. The use of the statistical reference value may constitute a potential tool, ready to use of the administrative managers in order to direct and subsidize proposals of health actions in the cities under their responsibility. / Uma variedade de indicadores tem sido utilizada para averiguar a e ciência e a qualidade de serviços na atenção primaria a saúde. Nos últimos anos, esse nível de atenção vem passando por avaliações no Brasil. As internações por condições sensíveis a atenção primária (ICSAP), representam um conjunto de agravos de saúde que não deveriam chegar em grande quantidade a atenção terciária, posto que uma efetiva ação da atenção primária solucionaria parte dessas patologias. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa se justiça pela necessidade de utilizar as ICSAP como base para um indicador de acesso e de qualidade da Atenção básica do sistema de saúde dos municípios brasileiros, em associação com a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Portanto, objetiva-se estimar valores estatísticos de referência para as internações por condições sensíveis a atenção primária, a partir do ajuste de distribuições de probabilidade contínuas, de modo a classificar o sistema de saúde dos municípios brasileiros em níveis de desempenho, a saber: desejável, intermediário, preocupante e não aceitável. Defende-se a tese de que a obtenção de um valor estatístico de referência, capaz de classificar as ICSAP, em níveis de desempenho para os municípios brasileiros, auxiliará nos processos de tomadas de decisão nas unidades de ESF, otimizando as ações de saúde nessas unidades, bem como, proporcionando a prevenção de gastos desnecessários nos outros níveis de atenção. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, ecológico e inferencial, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir da base de dados secundários do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS com a seleção das freqüências absolutas dos grupos de diagnósticos referentes as internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária, referentes ao ano de 2015. A posteriori, as referidas freqüências foram transformadas em taxas por 10.000 habitantes possibilitando a comparação das ICSAP de todos os municípios brasileiros, independente dos seus contingentes populacionais. Sob o ponto de vista estatístico, o ajuste de distribuições de probabilidade contínuas por meio dos testes de aderência e suporte gráfico foram processados utilizando o software R 3.0.3. Com base nos resultados, observou-se uma incidência maior de internações hospitalares devido _a patologias relacionadas a problemas gastroentéricos, cardíacos e renais. Diante dos três cenários investigados (Brasil, Nordeste e Paraíba), a região Nordeste apresenta registros de internações por asma, diagnóstico não observado como uma das três maiores incidências a nível nacional e estadual. Evidenciou-se também, que a maioria dos municípios brasileiros investigados nesse estudo têm seus sistemas de saúde classificados como não aceitáveis. A cidade de São Paulo, por exemplo, é um desses casos, contabilizando 9.471 internações de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca em 2015. Assim, seu sistema de saúde seria considerado de nível desejável se houvessem até 1.532 registros. Um nível intermediário de desempenho seria de mais de 1.532 até no máximo 2.944 casos, enquanto que, o nível preocupante dar-se-_a com mais de 2.944 até 4.177 internações. Um nível de desempenho não aceitável é registrado a partir de 4.177 ICSAP. No Brasil, em se tratando do quadro de Atenção Básica, embora avanços sejam percebidos, a perspectiva de redução das ICSAP a valores mínimos, como é desejável, ainda está distante da realidade. A utilização do valor estatístico de referência poder á constituir-se de uma potencial ferramenta, a disposição dos gestores administrativos no intuito de direcionar e subsidiar propostas de ações de saúde nos municípios sob sua responsabilidade.

Submitted by ARLINDO LEAL BOIÇA NETO null (arlindoboica@gmail.com) on 2016-11-10T18:24:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_final (CORRIGIDA) com certificado de aprovação.pdf: 2125977 bytes, checksum: 3df4ff312236d23618c3631b2161a7d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO null (luizaromanetto@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-16T15:54:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 boica neto_al_dr_jabo.pdf: 2125977 bytes, checksum: 3df4ff312236d23618c3631b2161a7d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-16T15:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 boica neto_al_dr_jabo.pdf: 2125977 bytes, checksum: 3df4ff312236d23618c3631b2161a7d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-21 / O amendoim é cultivado em vários estados no Brasil sendo São Paulo o maior produtor, seguido da Bahia e Mato Grosso. Semeadas em épocas diferentes conforme a região do cultivo, a área cultivada do amendoim na safra de 2014/15 no Brasil abrangeu uma área de 107,4 mil hectares, com uma produção média de 3140 kg ha⁻¹. Duas pragas destacam-se pela importância nessa cultura, sendo a lagarta-do-pescoço-vermelho, Stegasta bosquella (Chambers, 1875) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) e o tripes-do-prateamento, Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) por causarem elevados prejuízos econômicos ao agricultor. Na literatura, poucas informações são relatadas de amostragens de pragas no amendoinzeiro. Assim, associando-se esse fato a importância das duas pragas na cultura do amendoim, se fez necessário um estudo por meio de modelos probabilísticos para avaliar as suas distribuições espaciais e amostragens sequenciais, gerando assim futuras informações aos agricultores para o manejo integrado de pragas nessa cultura. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos anos de 2013/2014 e 2014/2015, em Jaboticabal – SP, utilizando uma área de 1,08 ha, subdividida em 100 parcelas iguais de 108 m² (10,0 x 10,8 m). Em cada parcela foram avaliadas cinco plantas ao acaso, considerando a presença ou não de insetos de S. bosquella e E. flavens. Pelos dados, observaram-se uma distribuição agregada ou moderadamente agregada de E. flavens e uma distribuição aleatória de S. bosquella; o modelo de distribuição que melhor se ajustou para E. flavens foi a binomial negativa e para lagartas de S. bosquella o modelo de distribuição de Poisson. Estes resultados permitiram a elaboração de planos de amostragem sequencial, na qual, tripes e lagartas apresentam duas retas: uma superior (S1 = 6,3072 + 1,0680 N), (S1 = 3,2134 + 0,3274 N), a partir da qual recomenda-se o controle; e outra inferior (S0 = -6,3072 + 1,0680 N), (S0 = -3,2134 + 0,3274 N), na qual, controle não é recomendado, respectivamente. Pelos resultados analisados, é possível verificar que a amostragem sequencial é eficiente na indicação ou não do controle de E. flavens e S. bosquella na cultura do amendoim. / The Peanuts are grown in several states in Brazil and São Paulo is the largest producer, followed by Bahia and Mato Grosso. Sown at different times as the growing region, the cultivated peanut area in 2014/15 crop in Brazil covered an area of 107,400 hectares, with an average production of 3140 kg ha⁻¹. Two pests stand out the importance that culture, and the red-necked peanut worm, Stegasta bosquella (Chambers, 1875) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and silvering thrips, Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to cause high economic losses to the farmer. In the literature, little information is reported samplings pest in groundnut. Thus, associating this fact the importance of the two pests in peanut crop, a study using probabilistic models to assess their spatial and sequential sampling distributions made necessary, thus generating further information to farmers for the integrated pest management that culture. The experiments were conducted in the years 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, in Jaboticabal - SP, using an area of 1,08 ha, divided into 100 equal installments of 108 m² (10,0 x 10,8 m). In each plot were evaluated 5 randomly plants considering the presence or absence of E. flavens insects and S. bosquella. From the data, they observed an aggregate or aggregate distribution moderately E. flavens and a random distribution S. bosquella; the distribution model best fit for E. flavens was the negative binomial and larvae of S. bosquella the Poisson distribution model. These results allowed the development of sequential sampling plans in which, thrips and caterpillars have two lines: an upper (S1 = 6.3072 + 1.0680 N), (S1 = 3.2134 + 0.3274 N), the from which it is recommended to control; and bottom (S0 = -6.3072 + 1.0680 N) (S0 = -3.2134 + 0.3274 N), in which control is not recommended, respectively. The results analyzed, you can see that the sequential sampling is efficient in indicating whether or not the control E. flavens and S. bosquella the peanut crop.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-25T13:54:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aranildo Rodrigues de Lima Junior.pdf: 636074 bytes, checksum: 5f3ad98d36eb71272e1ee3c218fe2afb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T13:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aranildo Rodrigues de Lima Junior.pdf: 636074 bytes, checksum: 5f3ad98d36eb71272e1ee3c218fe2afb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-11 / In the majority-vote model with noise, defined in a network, a given site (spin) assumes the posite state (sign) of the majority of its neighboring spins with probability q and it takes the same state with probability (1−q). The noise parameter q is homogeneous for all sites. In this work, we investigate a more general and realistic version of the majority-vote model, in which a given site i has its own noise parameter qi satisfying a mixed probability distribution. In this way, there is a heterogeneous distribution of noise among the sites in the network. We consider the case of a distribution defined by P(qi) = bd (qi)+(1−b)d (qi−q), where b is the fraction of sites without noise and q is taken from a Gaussian distribution. We perform Monte Carlo simulations on random graphs of different sizes and three average connectivity, for several values of the parameter b. We calculate the magnetization, the susceptibility and the Binder’s fourth-order cumulant as functions of q. We note that the system presents an order-disorder phase transition at a critical value of the parameter noise qc, which is an increasing function of the fraction of sites without noise. We use finite-size scaling theory to construct the phase diagram of the model and estimate the critical exponents b /n , g / nd 1/n . These exponents satisfy the hyperscaling relation with effective dimensionality equals to unity, for all values of average connectivity and b. Finally we conclude that, the majority-vote model with mixed distribution of noise on random graphs belongs to a different universality class from the model with homogeneous distribution of noise. / No modelo do voto da maioria com ruído, definido em uma rede, um dado sítio (spin) toma o estado contrário (sinal) à maioria dos seus vizinhos com probabilidade q e concorda com o estado da maioria dos seus vizinhos com probabilidade (1−q), onde q é o parâmetro de ruído homogêneo para todos os sítios. Nessa dissertação investigamos o modelo do voto da maioria com distribuição mista de ruídos, no qual cada sítio tem o parâmetro q satisfazendo uma distribuição mista de probabilidade de forma que há uma distribuição heterogênea com relação aos ruídos dos sítios da rede. Consideramos o caso de uma distribuição dada por P(qi) = bd (qi)+(1−b)d (qi −q), onde b é a fração de sítios com ausência de ruído e q é dado por uma distribuição Gaussiana. Realizamos simulações de Monte Carlo para diversos valores do parâmetro b, em grafos aleatórios de diferentes tamanhos N e três valores da conectividade média. Calculamos a magnetização, a susceptibilidade e o cumulante de Binder como funções de q. Notamos que o sistema apresenta uma transição de fase do tipo ordem-desordem em um valor crítico do parâmetro de ruído qc, o qual é uma função crescente da fração de sítios com ausência de ruído. A partir da teoria de escala de tamanho finito construímos o diagrama de fases do modelo no plano qc versus b e estimamos os expoentes críticos b /n , g /n e 1/n . Esses expoentes satisfazem a relação de hiper-escala com a dimensionalidade efetiva do sistema D = 1 para todos os valores da conectividade média e b. Por fim concluímos que o modelo do voto da maioria com distribuição mista de ruído, pertence a uma classe de universalidade diferente do modelo com distribuição homogênea de ruído em grafos aleatórios.