-1- Abstract Counsel in the Criminal Proceedings: The objective of our Diploma Thesis is to analyze the currently valid law governing the counsel's position in the criminal proceedings, to evaluate its sufficiency or insufficiency and to provide views and proposals in the sense of 'de lege lata' and 'de lege ferenda', focusing more in detail upon some partial aspects which are closely related to the counsel's position during the criminal proceedings. Good quality law system relating to the counsel's position in the criminal proceedings, his/her process rights and obligations is an assumption for meeting the criminal proceedings purpose and is reflected in the possibility to provide to the accused efficient legal counselling and thus meet the accused person's right of defence and fair trial (process) which is guaranteed by the Constitution. The counsel as an actor operating in the criminal proceedings plays a significant role in enforcing the rights and justified interests of the accused. The counsellor masters the legal argumentation, strategy and tactics of the defence, is able to better formulate ideas, to draw ideas from the experience gained in former law suits, whilst for the accused person his/her position is entirely new and unknown, many time it is the first experience in life. The competent counsel...

This thesis deals with notifying and permitting structures. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the current legal regulation of regimes for the realization of structures, including outlining changes in connection with the amendment to the Act No. 183/2006 Coll., on Town and Country Planning and Building Code (Building Act), as amended, and to compare notification and permission regimes from both substantive and procedural law. The thesis is divided into an introductory chapter, eight chapters and a conclusion. The introductory chapter covers an introduction to the realization of structures and its position within building law. The first chapter provides a historical excursion into the legal development of building law and describes applicable legal regulation of building law in the Czech Republic. The second chapter deals with the selected fundamental concepts essential to the realization of structures. The third chapter concentrates on the organization of public administration in the area of notifying and permitting structures. The purpose of the fourth chapter is to provide an overview of the regimes for the realization of structures and their brief summary. The fifth chapter deals with structures which do not require a notification nor a building permit. The sixth chapter focuses on the legal...

The goal of this thesis is to explain the conception of the insolvency petition and to solve issues arising from the misuse of the insolvency petition including the motivation to file such an unlawful claim. Under the Czech law, the Insolvency petition is an important part of the insolvency proceedings that are initiated at the moment when an insolvency court receives the insolvency petition. Particular legal requirements of the insolvency petition, which would be able to initiate demanded consequences, were analysed step by step in this thesis too. Differences between the situations when the insolvency proceedings were initiated by the creditor or by the debtor were also specified. Significant part of this thesis deals with matters relating to the misuse of the insolvency petition. The overview of the principle of misuse of law in civil law was given at the beginning of this part. One of the objects of the chapter was also to determine the motivation to submit an unlawful insolvency petition as well as the characteristics of this illegal claim. Subsequently, the possibilities of defense against the unlawful insolvency petition were stated. Some of these defence mechanisms are explicitly mentioned in the Act No. 182/2006 Coll., on Insolvency and methods of its Resolution (Insolvency Act), the rest...

The thesis contains a historical overview of the origin and development institute of protection of the rights of third parties in enforcement proceedings. In this section, the focus is on the period of the Roman Empire and then follows the development from the 19th century untiltoday. The fundamental part of the work focuses on the description of the current state of enforcement proceedings under the Act no. 120/2001 Coll. The Executors and Execution, his status in the legal order of the Czech Republic, the basic principles of management and everything in relation to the protection of the rights of third parties in enforcement proceedings. Distributes third party to various groups and describes their rights and obligations under the legislation. It focuses on the means of protection and defense. In conclusion provides an overview of the most important novels enforceable rights in relation.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa, among others, has adopted, and is bound by, the so-called 'rule in Hollington‘ that originated in England in 1943 in Hollington v Hewthorn (hereinafter the 'Hollington case‘). The issue, among others, that the English Appeal Court had to determine in this case was whether a judgement of a criminal court could be used in subsequent civil proceedings to prove the liability of either of the litigants. The Court reached the conclusion that a judgement of a criminal court is just an irrelevant and inadmissible opinion in later civil proceedings. The court adopted the view that had a criminal conviction been admissible evidence in civil proceedings, it would lead to a situation where the defendant would end up challenging the propriety of those convictions. In the light of that, the courts would be faced with a duty to retry the criminal case in the midst of the civil proceedings. Section 17 of the Civil Proceedings Evidence Act (CPEA) provides that a conviction or an acquittal can be proved by the production of a document dully certified by the relevant court that acquitted or convicted the person in question. Furthermore, section 18 of the Supreme Court Act (SuCA) now section 34 of the Superior Courts Act (SupCA) provides that whenever a judgement, among other things, of a court needs to be proved or referred to in any manner a duly certified copy thereof will serve as prima facie evidence thereof. These sections militate against the rule in Hollington in that they allow, or at least should be interpreted in a manner that accords with the allowance of, the admissibility of conviction evidence in later civil law suits.

Principle of legality and its application in criminal proceedings Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on the principle of legality and its application in criminal proceedings. Based on this principle, the prosecuting attorney is obliged to prosecute all crimes about which s/he learns unless the law or declared international treaties stipulate otherwise. It is one of the basic principles on which criminal proceedings in the Czech Republic are based. The introduction deals with the definition of the term "criminal proceedings" and its basic principles and their importance from the point of view of professionals in the field of criminal law. Next part of the thesis is devoted to the concept of the principle of legality in criminal codes valid on our territory from the year 1918 until today. It mainly concerns the changes in criminal proceedings and the motion of the principle of legality including the exceptions which were gradually introduced. The following chapter deals with the comparison of the principle of legality and the principle of opportunity and with other related principles on which the criminal proceedings are based. Special attention is paid to the application of the principle of legality in preliminary proceedings and breaching this principle in favour of the opportunity principle. Based on...

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the status of creditors of the testator in the estate proceedings, which has undergone a major change with the modification of the current Civil Code. Adjustment of inheritance law and, with it, the position of creditors in the estate proceedings during the period of socialism was dismal, so this change was needed. The ability of creditor to protect his debts in the case of the debtor's death has been extended by many new and old-age institutions. Together with that, the responsibility of the heirs for the testator's debts was extended. The diploma thesis deals with the opinions of the professional public, which are often very different or even contradictory. Part of this work is an analysis of these opinions and searching for a suitable starting point. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first deals with inheritance law as an absolute property right, that is, the law that works erga omnes. It also defines the conceptual difference between inheritance and estate introduced into civil law with the effect of the Civil Code. The second chapter deals with the genesis of the transition of testator's debts to the heirs and the position of creditors in the past. The historical chapter summarizes both substantive and procedural law, without which the...

Proceedings on marriage divorce This diploma thesis describes the proceedings on marriage divorce. I chose this topic because I consider it up-to-date and practical, in particular taking into account that nowadays almost every other marriage ends with divorce. The thesis aims to explain and analyze the legal regulation of this institute. The proceedings on divorce are currently regulated by provisions of the Act No. 292/2013 Coll., on Special Judicial Proceedings (and previously regulated Act No. 99/1963 Coll., the Civil Procedure Code) adopted within the process of recodification of the private law in year 2014 which also included adoption of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code that stipulates legal conditions of marriage divorce with respect to the substantive law. The thesis is divided in four chapters. I believe that this structuring is important for comprehensive understanding of this institute. The introductory chapter defines the basic concepts that are fundamental to the subject of this thesis, i.e. the concept of marriage and divorce. This chapter also contains current legal regulation of divorce proceedings in the historical context. The second chapter describes marriage divorce with respect to the substantial law. It analyzes the substantive conditions of marriage divorce and...

Cochem model in the application practice of Czech courts Abstract The presented diploma thesis titled "The Cochemic Model in the Application Practice of the Czech Courts" deals with the main principles of the Cochem model, which is based on the cooperation of the professions involved in the divorce proceedings, and which is currently being gradually introduced by some of the Czech courts. The aim of the thesis is to find out the results of the first application approaches, on the basis of which it would be possible to determine the possibilities of further application of the presented model within the framework of Czech guardianship procedures. The second goal of the diploma thesis is the complex elaboration of the topic in terms of substantive and procedural law and further clarification of the current legislative situation, including the reflection over de lege ferenda. First of all, the diploma thesis introduces the origin of the Cochem model, moreover, it also presents its first application in Germany in the first chapter. The second chapter focuses on the importance of application of the presented model and its benefits for the participants in the proceedings. Within the chapter there are also presented the possibilities of applying a different substantive basis of parental responsibility within the...

O estudo trata dos termos de compromisso, mecanismo de solução consensual aos processos administrativos sancionadores cuja utilização foi facultada à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários por inserção de norma legal específica na Lei 6.385/76, em 1997. A parte inicial trata da natureza dessa ferramenta, relata os argumentos favoráveis e contrários à sua utilização no âmbito do mercado de valores mobiliários brasileiro; analisa a disciplina e as balizas legais aplicáveis, com referência ao processo legislativo e ao contexto regulatório em que foi criado; bem como examina as vantagens proporcionadas à administração pública e aos agentes do mercado pela celebração de tais acordos. Segue-se uma segunda parte, na qual são apresentados os procedimentos pertinentes à adoção dos termos de compromisso, a interação entre a CVM e o Ministério Público Federal, a influência dos acordos sobre as entidades de autorregulação e a discussão a respeito da destinação dos valores arrecadados com os acordos substitutivos. Casos práticos (apreciados pela autarquia) e experiências estrangeiras (regras e impressões doutrinárias) são apresentados no decorrer do trabalho, quando pertinentes. / This study addresses the settlement agreements (termos de compromisso), a consensual solution to administrative proceedings that may be used by the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários) since the inclusion, in 1997, of a specific legal provision in Law 6,385/76. The first part of this work deals with the nature of the aforementioned tool, reports the arguments for and against its use in the Brazilian securities market; analyzes the discipline and limitations set forth by applicable law, considering the legislative and regulatory context in which it was created; as well as examines the advantages provided by such agreements to the government and market agents. A second part, which presents relevant procedures for the adoption of the settlement agreements, explains the interaction between the CVM and the Federal Prosecutors Office (Ministério Público Federal), the influence of such agreements on self-regulatory organizations and discusses the allocation of amounts collected with the agreements. Case studies (analyzed by CVM) and foreign experiences (rules and impressions of scholars) are presented throughout the text, when relevant.