The government of any state has the responsibility of providing for the health, safety, welfare, education, and protection of its citizens. To accomplish these goals, states have created elaborate and complex administrative organizations staffed by thousands of bureaucrats. The increased demands of the citizens of each state upon their state governments for better education, highways, and increased protection are reflected both in the expansion of the agencies created to provide these services and, in turn, in requests for funds in ever increasing amounts to expand the scope of the services. The ability of a state to fund each agency's request is definitely limited; no state is sufficiently wealthy to grant every request. Rather, a state must make some judgment in the distribution of its limited resources (money) among competing and demanding sources. This requires planning and is called budgeting, which one writer has defined as "one of the major processes by which the use of public resources is planned and controlled."

The central concern of this investigation was the determination of the relationships between Ss' perceived parent-child relations and their acceptance of the BSE model for social expectations. It was assumed that this model is a learned naive cognitive structure shared by the members of the society. It was predicted that certain parental behaviors critical to the socialization process would affect the acceptance or lack of acceptance of the BSE model. The measurement of perceived parent-child experiences was obtained through the use of the Roe-Siegelman Parent Child Relations Questionnaire (PCR). Baldwin's Social Expectations Scale was employed to obtain measures of the degree to which the BSE model could account for the variability of Ss' judgments of people-in-general in choice situations involving harming and helping behavior. Scores indicating the acceptance of the BSE model were then correlated with scores on each of the ten scales of the PCR. The results illuminated sex differences relating to the acceptance of the BSE model. For the females, warm, loving, and rewarding parent-child relations related positively to the acceptance of the BSE model. For the males, the effects of parental behavior were contingent on the individual parent. Fathers who were perceived as not overprotective or demanding and who promoted autonomous behavior in their sons were the fathers who had sons who made judgments according to the BSE model. Mothers who were perceived as demanding, punitive, and neglecting by their sons had sons who made judgments according to the BSE model. It was suggested that parental behaviors that are key factors in the development of the child's appropriate sex role may be the important factors affecting the acceptance of the BSE model for social expectations. Finally, the evidence suggested that the BSE model is capable of predicting people's social expectations, though not as effectively in the current study as in past investigations.

Karriär är idag ett uppdaterat begrepp som innefattar hela individens liv med åtaganden, sociala relationer och arbetsplatser. Karriären är under ständig utveckling och förs framåt med hjälp av olika vändningar och skiften, också kallade brytpunkter. Studiens syfte var att skapa kunskap kring karriärutvecklingen och dess brytpunkter, vilket gjordes genom att studera fyra individers karriärberättelser. Dessa individer hade alla genomgått både frivilliga, påtvingade och strukturella brytpunkter inom sitt yrkesverksamma liv. Resultatet visar att en karriär består av olika sorters brytpunkter och rutiner, men att det kan vara svårt att kategorisera dem. Därav blir en av slutsatserna att brytpunkter och rutiner är en enhetlig process som tillsammans skapar och utvecklar en människas karriär.

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This thesis is concerned with the design of press tool run-ofts. Run-off is the area on the punch surrounding the panel and its shape is of great importance to the control of metal flow during the draw. The design, although influenced by engineering considerations, is principally a geometric problem, which traditionally has been time-consuming. The overall objective is to reduce the run-oft definition time and hence improve the lead time. Current Austin Rover design procedures are described in Chapter 2 and form the basis of the C.A.D. program outlined in Chapter 3. This specification distils the need for a number of geometric algorithms. In general, obtaining the required continuity between the panel and run-off surface will require some degree of boundary curve approximation. Chapter 4 details four alternative approximation techniques which are compared in Chapter 5; and constitute the main results of the thesis. The salient issues of run-off surface interpolation are considered in Chapter 6.

Les employés de la grande distribution font aujourd’hui face, de manière relativement docile et durable, à des bouleversements majeurs au sein de leur entreprise, tant sur le plan stratégique qu’organisationnel, dans un contexte national de remise en question du régime de croissance de la branche et de forte visibilité sociale des firmes oligopolistiques. Si les contraintes économiques semblent particulièrement peser sur leurs actions, leur consentement n’est pas uniquement composé d’un horizon de contraintes indépassables et accablantes (souffrance, peur du chômage) marquant leur activité. Dans un cadre exigeant l’accumulation illimitée du capital par des moyens formellement pacifiques (Boltanski, Chiapello, 1999) et dans une branche en proie à une crise du régime d’accumulation (Boyer, Durand, 1993), quels sont les ressorts du consentement des salariés ? Notre réflexion s’organise en trois temps: une approche historique revenant sur les orientations (idéologiques, stratégiques et organisationnelles) structurelles du secteur, sur ses spécificités à l'échelle nationale et sur les indices productifs d'une récente rupture; une analyse diachronique des dispositifs matériels et symboliques de médiation des restructurations à l'échelle institutionnelle et organisationnelle; et étude du travail quotidien au sein des grandes surfaces, entre trajectoire sociale, parcours professionnel et configuration des magasins. Elle met en exergue un consentement spécifique aux salariés de la grande distribution. Ce dernier repose en effet sur un processus d’installation dans les services, au sein d’une organisation à la fois de plus en plus ouverte au public (place du client dans l’organisation) et de plus en plus isolée du pouvoir stratégique (centralisation des décisions, de la conception). / In a context questioning the growth regime and exposing the oligopolistic retail capital to a high social visibility, retail employees seem to be relatively docile. They face major strategic and organizational changes in the branch. Within a framework requiring the unlimited accumulation of the capital by formally peaceful means and in a sector facing a crisis of accumulation, how is the consent of the employees organized? After a historical approach reconsidering on the structural character of the ideological, strategic and organisational orientations of the sector, this thesis underlines the national specificities and the productive indices of recent ruptures. Then a diachronic analysis of the institutional and organisational means of production highlights the development of material and symbolical systems of mediation of the productive restructurings. Then, combining an ethnographic approach observing the daily work, the study of social trajectories, professional paths and configurations of the retail stores, this thesis highlights a specific form of employees consent. The servicization is based on a process of incorporation in the unskilled jobs of the services. Retail stores tend to be at the same time increasingly opened to the public (place of the customer in the organization and in the production of the service) and isolated from the strategic power (decisions and design centralization).

This master thesis has been written to develop a new pipe support for pipe systems in the process industry. The purpose was to relieve pumps or other sensitive equipment from elevated forces or moments that may cause failure. The elevated forces or moments occur due to the weight of the piping, the weight of the medium and expansion due to elevated temperatures. The support is mainly designed to be implemented in a 90 degree bend but they can also be implemented in straight pipes with small adjustments of the attachment between the support and the pipe. Six different complete concepts were developed and put through different elimination matrices and evaluated against a requirement specification. The final design was calculated to withstand the forces and moments from a worst case scenario. The concept is in need of further development and testing before it can be implemented in projects. It is necessary to investigate if the clamps can withstand the working load in the new design. The concept should also be tested possibly by a prototype.

A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg 1992 / It has been suggested that the inability to quantify the financial benefits of advanced process control is a. key barrier to hs more widespread use and acceptance. This report discusses the financial analysis of advanced process control opportunities. Potential benefits of advanced control are predicted by considering the power spectral density of load disturbances likely to affect the control system, and the ideal characteristlcs of feedback systems as proposed by H.W. Bode. Financial ratio analysis and modem measures of profitabilty, such as Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) and Net Present Value (NPV) are used to evaluate the economic potential of control opportunities fer an organisation. The results indicate that financial benefits of advanced process control strategies can be predicted, quantified and then evaluated, with the ultimate aim of improving the overall financial position of all organisation.

Window constraints are mechanisms to bound the tuples processed by continuous queries specified over unbounded data streams. While sliding window queries move the constraint window upon the arrival of each individual tuple, hopping window queries instead move the window by a fixed amount after some period, thus periodically refreshing their results. We observe that for large hops, techniques liked delta result updating may not be efficient -- as large portions of the tuples in the current window will be different from the previous window and thus must be maintained. On the other hand, the complete result updating technique, which has been found to be less suitable for sliding windows queries. Compute the next result based on the complete current window now can be shown to be superior in performance for some hopping windows queries. A trade-off emerges between the complete result method which has a lower per tuple processes cost but potentially processing redundant results versus the delta result method which has no redundant processing but pays a higher per tuple processing cost. On top of that, strict non-monotonic operators such as difference operator, cause premature expiration due to operator semantics. Negative tuples are needed for this kind of special expiration. Such negative tuples added extra burden to the stream engine. Thus, in streaming processing, the difference operator is typically suggested to be placed on top of the query plan despite its potential ability to reduce cardinality of the stream. With this thesis, we introduce a whole solution for hopping window query processing which includes an optimizer for generalized hopping window query optimization that exploits both processing techniques within one integrated query plan alone with query plan rewriting. First, we design the query operators to be multi-mode, that is, to be able to take either a delta or a complete result as input, and produce either a delta result or complete result as output. Then we design a cost model to be able to chose the optimal mode for each operator. Thirdly, our optimizer targets to configure each operator within a query plan to work in the suitable mode to achieve minimum overall processing costs. Last but not least, two query optimization techniques have been adopted. One explores all possibilities of pushing the difference down past joins using dynamic programming and assigning optimal mode at the same time, the other applies heuristic difference push down rule. The proposed techniques has been implemented within the WPI stream query engine, called CAPE. Finally, we show the benefit of our solution with a vast number of experimental results.

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-69). / by Zia Ahmed. / M.Eng.