The government of any state has the responsibility of providing for the health, safety, welfare, education, and protection of its citizens. To accomplish these goals, states have created elaborate and complex administrative organizations staffed by thousands of bureaucrats. The increased demands of the citizens of each state upon their state governments for better education, highways, and increased protection are reflected both in the expansion of the agencies created to provide these services and, in turn, in requests for funds in ever increasing amounts to expand the scope of the services. The ability of a state to fund each agency's request is definitely limited; no state is sufficiently wealthy to grant every request. Rather, a state must make some judgment in the distribution of its limited resources (money) among competing and demanding sources. This requires planning and is called budgeting, which one writer has defined as "one of the major processes by which the use of public resources is planned and controlled."

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / During the twelve years following World War II the debt of Massachusetts has grown from about fifteen milllion dollars to more than a billion dollars. This rise in debt has caused widespread apprehension both as to the credit of the Commonwealth and as to the effect on industry, through the burden of increased taxation. Massachusetts is peculiarly dependent on manufacturin for its economic well-being, inasmuch as the area is lacking in most of the natural resources necessary for the primary types of economic activity such as agriculture and mining. It is also geographically situated in the corner of the nation, with a result that the transfer costs of raw materials into the state and of finished products out of the state constitute a substantial financial cost. Massachusetts is in competition with other states both for sale of its products and for inducement to new industries to add to its income and employment. Consequently any trend of government fiscal policy which results in an extra burden of taxation on industry presents a problem which calls for analysis and appraisal. A seventy-fold increase in debt in twelve years seemed to present such a problem and appeared to be worthy of analytical study. Yet, on searching for source material, this writer discovered that no study of this particular nature had been made. Having established the need for such a study, we then proceeded to secure the essential facts necessary for objective analysis and appraisal. This involved first a comprehensive collection of the data, the history of the debt policy of the Commonwealth, the post-war growth of the debt, the comparison of the debt with the debt of other states, the nature and structure of the debt and the problem of servicing the debt. This constitutes Part I of the thesis. In it we find that Massachusetts has for some two hundred tears exercised its borrowing power with discretion and responsibility, adapting its debt policy to the needs of the times, expanding and contracting its outlays often counter to the practice of other states.

The main aim of my thesis is the analysis of the traffic accidents and their cause on the roads of the Czech Republic.The first part of my thesis deals with the theoretical outcome of this matter which is necessary for further cover of my work.It is followed up with a practical part in which all statistic data, that had been used for the assessment of the situation,have been worked out.The methods the data have been coverd are the endorsement method, method of sequence and the method of respected sequence. In the frame of this thesis the comparison of the Czech Republic with a chosen EU state has been done. The secondary aim of my thesis is to find out the impact of the accidents on the revenues of the state budget, particularly of the problematic groups that cause the accidents on the roads.In the last part of my thesis there is a summary of all analysed results of the matter and subsequently safety measures for potential improvement of the situation have been done.

This study describes the Swedish Government's public management of the Swedish Police Authority. It also illustrates some of the Government's political promises towards the Police Authority. The reason for making this study is the situation of escalating shootings in the society and reports about a crisis in the Police Authority. Therefore is the purpose of the study to find out if there are any changes in the Government's public management of the police during the 2014-2018 term of office in relation to this situation. The method is a review of state budgets, appropriation directions, regulations, government bills and other acts which are compared with theories of public management. The results shows that the greatest change this far happened late in the term of office when the Swedish Police Authority received an increased appropriation. The Swedish Police Authority also received new government mandates with the purpose to solve specific problems within the police authority. In relation to theories of public management, the Swedish Government's management of the police focuses on the indirect types of management to reach results within the direct management of laws and regulations.