Humanity is more civilized more cannot live without energy, but along with its heavier depending on the tradition fossil energy, also facing the resources exhausting and the environmental protection subject, the enhancement development of¡§renewable energy resources¡¨and¡§green energy resources¡¨has become the trend of global pursued. From the global climate vicissitude conference, proposed especially reduces the greenhouse gas emissions, every countries racks one's brains all, pondered how to reduce degree of dependency of the fossil energy and diversify the energy resources. Since developing new energy for future is an inevitably tendency, then how to position and how to plan the new energy strategy turns into the most important topic for each international energy company. This study namely takes A-Company as an example, discusses new energy strategy of the main global international energy company. This study aims at each advanced countries and the main international energy company first the new energy strategy, carries on the preliminary comparison and the analysis, then from competitive advantage theories and SWOT analysis, five strength analyses, product life cycle, diamond model, discusses the new energy strategy for A-Company .In this study case, To improve energy efficency, To manage emissions and To diversify the energy resources are the best new energy strategy, so that it can be well competitive advantaged . This study also suggests A-Company with some feasible planning actions to cope with the future energy developing scenario .

The semiconductor industry once again experienced the impact of business cycle on the end of 2008, after the global financial crisis. The investment of equipment is the largest Capex to a semiconductor manufacturer. The equipment firm is at the end of the semiconductor supply chain. The result of Bullwhip Effect makes the impact of business cycle disturbance severer, especially for the back-end supplier which is required to deal with the variant demand, larger customer bases and shorter lead-time, compared to front-end one. The study is to focus on identifying the key success factors of marketing strategy adapting business cycle for a semiconductor equipment firm. Under such environment, it is to understand how the firm should plan the strategy and structure organization to maintain competitive advantage. The manufacturing has been classified into detail process; each one has its own key technology. The industry leadership of each firm is different. To ensure the points well-captured from the line executives, the study adopts the qualitative research methodology through analyzing the industry environment, combining with the relevant literatures, as theoretical basis, and in-deep interview with the marketing and sales executives from the firm of case study. The research reveals five factors as the key success factors of marketing strategy adapting business cycle, including ¡§Segmenting and Differentiating for product development¡¨, ¡§broaden application and extend customer base¡¨, ¡§Overall Operation Capability¡¨, ¡§Sales Network to create partnership with customers¡¨ and ¡§High-quality Pre- and Post-sales support¡¨. The equipment supplier must consider his own advantage and disadvantage, together with realistic situation to keep the leadership or opportunity while understanding the industry trend. Except for riding through the cycle, the firm must keep the sustaining competitive advantage.

The equipment makers all over the world face the economic recession. They face many uncertainties and challenges when operation. In order to reduce the product development time to market, make the best utilization of the company resource, a suitable information system is helpful to achieve the goal. Applied Materials founded in 1976 is the world biggest equipment maker in the semiconductor industry. Because the growth rate is getting lower and lower, the company steps into other industries by merge and acquisition. Applied Materials expects to get revenue from these growing rapidly market requirements. This research is focus on Applied Materials company strategies. We analyzed the data transferred and information system structure changed during the company acquired Applied Films. We found out the information strategies aligned to company strategies. Through this research, we can understand more the suitable information system for equipment makers and help the equipment makers to get the capability to face the changing dramatically market.

The telecommunications industry has been in the process of merging. However, the decline of Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) shows the saturation of mobile phone market. At the same time, the Directorate General of Telecommunications (DGT) has announced the implementation of number portability will be in January 2005. Therefore, the resort to sell handsets in high discounts is unavoidable to retain the existing customers and get the new subscribers. Because the high cost, short product lifecycle, diversity of usage, uncertainty of leading time in procurement and indefinite of consumers¡¦ demands, the management of handset inventory has been perplexed the telecommunication industry. This research tries to create an inventory model to provide the mobile phone companies a direction for deciding what the right order quantity is and when the re-order point is. It also can improve the satisfaction of customers and enforce the partnership with vendors. The vendor managed inventory (VMI) which is different from traditional inventory management is taken into consideration, and the target is the high-end function handset. The model will employ the data of average demand in the past few months and the decline curve of market price as the base. The relation of handsets has been created by using the characteristics of classified product. The methodology of time series analysis is used for this research. The construct of this handset inventory model is from the viewpoint of telecommunication industry.

Product life cycle (PLC) may be used as a managerial tool. Marketing strategies must change as the product goes through its life cycle. If managers understand the cycle concept, they are in a better position to forecast the future sales activities and plan marketing strategies. However, people often make the wrong PLC because of the difficulty of data access and lacking decision-making information. Therefore, this thesis applies customer behavior model to analyze the relationship between the frequency and the duration time from the product discussion, and it calculates the PLC pattern to explore the product¡¦s current position in customers¡¦ mind. Finally, the PLC curve will be constructed by using the information that we got from previous analysis. Moreover, we also employ data mining and information retrieval technique to diagnose the variance of discussion frequency and the content of discussion article to extract the distinctive event that influenced PLC curve. The main contributions of this thesis are described as the following sentence:

There is growing interest in the assessment of products from a life cycle perspective. Product life cycles are often dominated by extensive chemical supply chains that lead up to the materials contained in the products and the overwhelming contribution that the production of these chemicals make to the overall life cycle due to their energy intensity. Hence, chemical engineers are uniquely positioned to carry out significant components of this assessment because of their skills in chemical process design and analysis. Furthermore, the complexity and extent of life cycle concerns creates opportunities for new process systems tools to be developed to support product design and analysis. The specific thesis objectives are threefold. The first is to develop a systematic methodology to optimize material selections for a product based on life cycle inventory (LCI) characteristics. The second is to use this methodology combined with sustainability assessment standards to assess whether these standards are congruent with life cycle assessment. The third is to develop an approach to design product sustainability assessment standards that are clear and consistent with life cycle principles. The overall contributions will be in the applied domain of life cycle assessment and its integration into standards setting, and in contributions to optimization tools and methods. The three objectives will be illustrated in the domain of carpet systems. Previous research has generated a substantial database of gate-to-gate (GTG) life cycle inventories for various chemicals that make up carpet, extending from the inputs to the final carpet mill back to the natural resources such as oil, natural gas and mined calcium carbonate. Carpet recycling is a promising alternative approach for reducing life cycle impacts and is being practiced at a growing scale in the U.S. This thesis uses the specific individual LCI gate-to-gate blocks for virgin materials and for important carpet recycling and general polymer recycling processes. A database for the GTG LCI will be used to construct a virtual chemical tree that automatically that represents the potential cradle-to-gate (CTG) use of resources. The alternatives for each possible route for the product will be generated, and optimization approaches will be applied to optimize the performance of the carpet system according to life cycle objectives. Sustainability assessment standards are currently being developed for a range of building products, such as carpet, resilient flooring, commercial textile coverings and office furniture. This activity has been stimulated through the considerable success of the U.S. Green Building Council's (USGBC) LEED standard. The LEED Standard is points-based: the building design and construction earns points for having certain attributes or promoting certain activities. The points are totaled and then the building earns a rating based on the total being above a certain threshold. The second thesis objective is met through extending the LCI optimization methodology to represent point-based standards. A product can then be optimized to maximize the number of points it earns or to minimize its life cycle attributes. This approach can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an emerging carpet sustainability standard, NSF-140, in integrating LCI into the standard. The last objective, standard design, is approached through designing the tables that award points in the standard to be consistent with life cycle information. Certain minimum principles of consistency are articulated and then the designs shown to be consistent with these principles in the case that the life cycle impact assessment method maps the life cycle inventory to impact through a linear weighting.

<p>Denna uppsats analyserar om det finns ett samband mellan den snabbt växande tyska exporten och produktutveckling. Genom en segmentering av den tyska tillverkningsindustriexporten i relation till olika produktgruppers internationella konkurrenskraft ges en möjlighet att undersöka skillnader mellan produktsegment med olika internationell konkurrenskraft. Analysen visar att i tidsperioden 2000 till 2002 definierades 76 av 240 produktgrupper ha haft en ökande internationell konkurrenskraft genom en relativ prishöjning. Detta är fler produktgrupper än i någon annan undersökt tidsperiod. De 76 produktgrupperna motsvarar 29,5 procent av det totala tyska exportvärdet, marginellt högre än i någon annan tidsperiod.</p><p>Produkter med ökande internationell konkurrenskraft genom en relativ prishöjning är också av ett högre värde per kilo export än andra konkurrenssegment. Analysen visare vidare att den internationella efterfrågan på dessa produktgrupper är signifikant högre än för produktgrupper med minskad internationell konkurrenskraft. Dock kunde inga generella skillnader mellan olika konkurrenssegment i relation till avståndskänslighet, kulturell och språklig affinitet samt EU-medlemskap på importandelen av tyska varor påvisas.</p> / <p>In this thesis the relationship between product development of the German manufacturing industry and the rapid German export growth is analyzed. By a segmentation of the German export according to international competitiveness, differences in characteristics of the different segments are analyzed. Positive for Germany is that in the time-period 2000 to 2002, 76 out of 240 analyzed product groups were defined as experienced increased export competi-tiveness through relative price increase; more than in any other analyzed time-period. These 76 product groups constituted 29.5 percent of Germany’s total export value, marginal higher than in any other time-period.</p><p>The analysis also shows that German product groups with increasing international competitiveness through relative price increase are of higher value than products in other competitive segments. The international demand for product groups with increasing international competitiveness through relative price increase is also higher than for other competitive segments. However, no general significant differences could be shown between different competitive segments in respect to distance sensitiveness, importance of cultural and linguistic affinity and EU-membership on the import share of German products.</p>

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the effect of human capital in Swedish export. Human capital is here expressed as the number of employees in the private sector per municipality with university education of at least three years. Two regression models were tested with aggregated export value/municipality and export value per kilo/municipality as dependent variables. Human capital as well as the total accessibility to R&D was assumed to have a positive impact on the Swedish export performance.</p><p>During the last decades many economists have attached great importance to education, knowledge and investments in R&D. Sweden is in general abundant in human capital and have also several world leading companies characterized by knowledge intensive production and export. According to the Product Life Cycle Theory, Sweden should focus on the first phase that requires high input of human capital and product competition to maintain the competitiveness in the international market.</p><p>The results indicate as expected that the access to human capital as well as accessibility to R&D have a positive impact on the Swedish aggregated export value and export value per kilo. The assumption about human capital being even more important in high value export could not be confirmed by the results. Innovation promoting investments together with continuous efforts to improve innovation nets and interaction possibilities are presumed to be important factors for Swedish competitiveness also in the future.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-96). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

In light of increasing pressure from environmental safety advocate groups and governments for eco-friendly manufacturing, safe after life product & waste disposal has had strong emphasizes in the past several years. Industrial manufacturers are becoming more and more responsive towards environment safety concerns. These efforts are being reflected by concepts such as green design or environmentally responsible design and manufacturing (ERDM). The key research areas in the 21st century for reducing the toll on the environment will be material recycling, controlled waste disposal (including fluids and gases) and remanufacturing. Remanufacturing offers a dual advantage over material recycling. First the geometrical form of the product and the functional capabilities are restored with fairly low costs. Second, it reduces the need for dumping or disposal, making it better for the environment Remanufacturing is also an avenue to enforce product take back which has become important for the integrating environmental considerations. Remanufacturing can be lucrative and thus a motivating factor for the profit oriented industrial community.The work in this research is based on making remanufacturing more distinctive in terms of product design. An approach that incorporates remanufacturing principles at the product design inception phase can be highly beneficial in the context of after life processing of product. The approach used in this research is one of determining a suitable method of calculating the remanufacturing index (RI). The remanufacturing index of a product serves as a beforehand indication of the degree of the efforts return a product to its original geometrical shape and functional capabilities. This index will provide an insight at the time of initial design of a particular product for understanding afterlife scenarios, which might help to reduce waste, save energy, virgin material, and other resources.The remanufacturing index formulation devised in this research considers all the major aspects of product after life, including disassembly, recycling and other damage correction efforts. This research offers modular analyses of a product for the purpose of remanufacturing. The index is a collection of interfacing elements such as inspection, damage correction and environmental impact. It considers all possible after life aspects of a product and combines them in a systematic manner to give a fair outlook of efforts to remanufacture.