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Lee Suk-Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / 摘要 --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Tables and Figures --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Background and Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Background Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Literature Review - Vaccination of FFLI --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Literature Review - Social impact and productivity loss of FFLI --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Conduct of Survey --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study Design --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Questionnaire --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Data Description --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- Participants --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2 --- Incidence and impact of FFLI during the three months period (February - April 2001) --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3 --- Incidence and impact of the most recent FFLI --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Economic Loss --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1 --- Estimators - EDPH loss and Productivity loss --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2 --- Density Estimation --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3 --- Hypothesis Testing --- p.51 / Chapter 5.4 --- Sensitivity Analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 5.5 --- Regression Analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 5.6 --- Long Haul flights and Long flights --- p.57 / Chapter 5.7 --- Company Profit --- p.58 / Chapter 5.8 --- Society Loss - GDP --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion --- p.67 / Reference --- p.69 / Tables --- p.72 / Figures --- p.83 / Appendix --- p.87

D.Phil. (Sociology) / In this thesis I am examining the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) and Solidarity‘s responses to technological changes at the ArcelorMittal (formerly known as Iron and Steel Corporation of South Africa (Iscor)) Vanderbijlpark Plant in the south of the Gauteng province between 1989 and 2012. As part of the restructuring plans of the Apartheid government, Iscor South Africa was privatised in 1989. At that time the plant was also in a process of restructuring, which included technological changes and work reorganisation, the objective of which was to prepare Iscor South Africa and the plant for competing in a global steel market. Therefore the subsequent technological changes in the plant were also part of the plant‘s positioning in the global competition of the steel market. The ownership of the plant by ArcelorMittal International after 2006 meant that the plant was fully integrated into the global steel market because it became part of the other global plants of the ArcelorMittal International Group in other parts of the world. Technological changes and work reorganisation led to a massive displacement of workers at Iscor South Africa. For example, in 1988, Iscor had about 59 000 employees and this number was reduced to about 9 300 employees in 2010. The key objective of the thesis is to conduct a sociological analysis of trade union responses to the technological changes at ArcelorMittal Vanderbijlpark Plant. One of the discoveries of this thesis is that both trade unions – Solidarity and NUMSA- were not proactive in responding to technological changes at the plant. They argued for more consultation on technological changes, training, and deployment of workers who had been displaced by machines, work reorganisation, and retrenchment packages for retrenched workers. Solidarity, a predominantly white workers‘ union, with its skilled workforce did not use its membership‘s strategic location at the point of production to help it proactively to respond to technological changes. On the other hand, NUMSA, a predominantly black union which was part of a vibrant antiapartheid movement with traditions of grooming worker intellectuals, did not respond proactively to technological changes at the plant.Even after the wave of restructuring and technological changes of the 1990s to early 2000s, both unions did not move away from a reactive approach towards a proactive approach to production technology. The two unions did not combine reproduction and production issues in their bargaining strategies. The unions were still focusing on wages or reproduction as a strategy of engaging factory owners. Production in the form of technological changes and work reorganisation was not being addressed by the union and yet changes in production processes play a major role in determining the number of workers in a plant and the profile of the workforce as shown in this thesis. The reactive responses of both trade unions and a focus on wages is theorised as reproduction reductionism. This means that unions tend to focus on wages and other spheres of income such as politics of ‗upward mobility‘ which play a central role in reproducing workers and their leaders. The focus on these issues means that the unions are prioritising reproduction over production. This then leads to management of the plant having free reign in the sphere of production and technological changes.

The aim of this study is to determine the role that innovation plays in economic development and how an economic environment can be created that is conducive to innovation. The urgent need for development in large parts of the world indicates the importance of the increase in innovative activities because innovation is indicated as the “engine of growth and development”. It was found that innovation takes place within an innovation system and should be studied from a system perspective. The system perspective implies that there are different participants and that these participants function individually but that they also interact (wittingly or unwittingly) with one another. The innovation system is defined as a system that includes the participants or actors and their activities and interactions, as well as the socio-economic environment within which these actors or participants function, which determine the innovative performance of the system. A system approach is therefore necessary to study the influence of innovation on development. The role that innovation plays in economic development has been established by means of the historical patterns of economic development and major innovations as well as an analysis of literature of empirical studies. The historical pattern indicates the importance of innovation for economic development, but literature revealed the complexity of the relationship due to the non-linear relationship among different actors or participants in an innovation system. The main determinants of innovation was identified and a conceptual, descriptive model for an innovation system was developed, indicating the different participants, their roles, the interaction among them, and the economic environment within which the participants function. The model was applied to the Mpumalanga province in South Africa as case study. Strengths and weaknesses were identified in the Mpumalanga innovation system and recommendations were made for the improvement of the Mpumalanga innovation system which in turn should lead to an improvement in the economic development of the province. / Economics / D.Comm. (Economics)

The aim of this study is to determine the role that innovation plays in economic development and how an economic environment can be created that is conducive to innovation. The urgent need for development in large parts of the world indicates the importance of the increase in innovative activities because innovation is indicated as the “engine of growth and development”. It was found that innovation takes place within an innovation system and should be studied from a system perspective. The system perspective implies that there are different participants and that these participants function individually but that they also interact (wittingly or unwittingly) with one another. The innovation system is defined as a system that includes the participants or actors and their activities and interactions, as well as the socio-economic environment within which these actors or participants function, which determine the innovative performance of the system. A system approach is therefore necessary to study the influence of innovation on development. The role that innovation plays in economic development has been established by means of the historical patterns of economic development and major innovations as well as an analysis of literature of empirical studies. The historical pattern indicates the importance of innovation for economic development, but literature revealed the complexity of the relationship due to the non-linear relationship among different actors or participants in an innovation system. The main determinants of innovation was identified and a conceptual, descriptive model for an innovation system was developed, indicating the different participants, their roles, the interaction among them, and the economic environment within which the participants function. The model was applied to the Mpumalanga province in South Africa as case study. Strengths and weaknesses were identified in the Mpumalanga innovation system and recommendations were made for the improvement of the Mpumalanga innovation system which in turn should lead to an improvement in the economic development of the province. / Economics / D.Comm. (Economics)

Abstracts in English and Xhosa / Given the need for prompt responses to today’s dynamic market, maintenance and maintenance management functions are becoming increasingly fundamental for industrial companies. Reduction of waste and bottlenecks, particularly the reduction of overproduction and work in process, accentuates the impact of malfunctions or failures of equipment on production. As such, it has become ever more urgent for proactive world-class maintenance to turn to computer-based support for efficacious management. To successfully manage activities such as the scheduling of activities, the planning of preventive maintenance actions, the analysis of data (to reduce the occurrence of malfunction and failures), and augment the absolute performance of the maintenance function, industrial companies implement information systems enabled by computerised maintenance management systems (CMMS) to deliver timely and accurate information. However, while various CMMS are available on the market, not all meet the exactitudes of each industrial company. The overall objective of this thesis is threefold: to explore major barriers and obstacles that have a negative impact on implementing CMMS; to identify the most common critical success factors (CSFs) that have a positive impact on implementing CMMS; and to develop an optimised CMMS model suitable to the context of Ethiopian manufacturing industries. To achieve this, an exploratory descriptive research design was employed, utilising both quantitative and qualitative data-gathering techniques, including structured interviews and questionnaires. Both qualitative and quantitative findings Suggest that the most important CSFs for CMMS implementation were work planning and scheduling and work identification and responsibilities, while the Ethiopian manufacturing firms lagged behind in the case of information technology and appraisal. Overall, key isues in maintenance management range from several maintenance techniques, information systems, scheduling, and optimisation models. This thesis is projected to be a useful source of information for both maintenance managers and stakeholders in CMMS decision making. It also creates opportunities for future research in this area of study. / Ngenxa yesidingo seempendulo ezikhawulezileyo kwimarike yanamhlanje eguqukayo, ukulondoloza kunye nololondolozo lwemisebenzi yolowulo ziya zisanda ngokubaluleka kwiinkampani zoshishino. Ukuncitshiswa kwenkcitho kunye nokuxinana kwindawo eziphezulu , ngakumbi ukucuthwa kwemveliso egqithisileyo kunye nokusebenza kwinkqubo, kunyusa ifuthe lokungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukusilela kwezixhobo kwimveliso. Kananjalo, kuye kwangxamiseka nangakumbi kulondolozo lwenqanaba lehlabathi ukuba liphendukele kwinkxaso esekwe kwikhompyutha ukwenzela ulawulo olusebenzayo. Ukulawula ngempumelelo imisebenzi efana nokucwangciswa kwemisebenzi, ukucwangciswa kwezenzo zolondolozo zokukhuselo, ucalulo lwedatha (ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokusilela), kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo komsebenzi wolondolozo, iinkampani zamashishini zisebenzisa iinkqubo zolwazi ezenziwa ziinkqubo zolawulo lokulondoloza ngekhompyutha (i-CMMS) ukuhambisa ulwazi oluchanekileyo kwangexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ii-CMMS ezahlukeneyo zifumaneka kwimarike, ayizizo zonke ezihlangabezana ngqo nemilinganiselo yenkampani nganye yemizimveliso. Eyona njongo yale ngcingane ebhaliweyo engqinelwa ziingxoxo, ithisisi ihlulwe kathathu: ukuphonononga imiqobo engundoqo kunye nezithintelo ezinefuthe elibi ekuphumezeni iiCMMS; Ukuchonga ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zempumelelo (CSFs) ezinefuthe elihle ekuphumezeni iCMMS; kunye nokuvelisa imodeli ye-CMMS elungele imeko yemizimveliso yase-Ethiopia. Ukufezekisa oku, uyilo lophando oluchazayo lwasetyenziswa, kusetyenziswa ubuchule bokuqokelela idatha eninzi kunye nesemgangathweni, kubandakanya udliwanondlebe olulungiselelweyo kunye nephepha lemibuzo.Zozibini iziphumo ezedatha esengangathweni kunye nedatha ngokobungakanani zibonisa ukuba ezona CSFs zibalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni kweCMMS yayikukucwangciswa komsebenzi nokucwangciswa nokwenza uludwe lweenkqubo kunye nokuchongwa komsebenzi kunye noxanduva, ngelixa iifemu zemveliso zase-Ethiopia zisasele ngasemva kwimeko yolwazi lwetekhnoloji kunye novavanyo. Kukonke, imiba ephambili kulawulo lolondolozo isukela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule zolondolozo, kwiinkqubo zolwazi, kuludwe lokwenziwa kweenkqubo zolwazi, kunye neemodeli ezigqibeleleyo. Le thisisi kuqikelelwa ukuba ingumthombo wolwazi oluluncedo kubo bobabini abaphathi bezolondolozo kunye nabachaphazelekayo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo kwiCMMS. Ikwadala amathuba ophando lwexesha elizayo kulo mmandla wokufunda. / Business Management / DBL (Business Leadership)