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Since the 1950s, interior decoration evolved into interior design. Throughout the 1970s, all of the components for professionalization were in place, but it was not until the 1990s that the final transformation made interior design into a profession. This dissertation documents these changes and posits that is the conflicts inherent in the process of licensure transformed it into a profession. The transformation of interior design is examined through the lens of the theory of professions, especially Andrew Abbott's delineation of transformation through conflict. The historical case studies of the legislative process were of the District of Columbia, which has practice legislation; the Commonwealth of Virginia; which has title legislation; and the State of Ohio, which has no licensing of interior designers as of 2007. Data collection was by interviews with participants of the process of licensure and with the leadership of the interior design community. In addition, primary and secondary documents examined include books, journals, trade magazines, and documents from professional organizations. Specifically, this dissertation addresses these questions: Is interior design a profession? If so, what forces transformed interior design into a profession? And, how is interior design different from architecture? This dissertation posits that interior design is unique from architecture because it developed in home economic programs at state universities during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. In this locale, the primary focus of interior design was the micro-environment based on the theory of behavior. This gives students and practitioners a unique viewpoint that allows for the consideration for each end user as integral to the design process. These attributes contribute to the unique qualities of the services interior design offers and separate it from those of architecture. A simplified definition of interior design that I developed is that interior design utilizes the theory of behavior to design spaces in a micro-environment that function at a safe and efficient level for every end user and are aesthetically pleasing. Finally, interior designers need to understand that the strength of their position in the built environment is in the unique services they offers and celebrate their qualities as outlined in this document. / Ph. D.

The Infant and Early Child Mental Health (IECMH) workforce is essential in improving the lives of vulnerable children and families. IECMH practitioners are exposed to challenging emotional experiences which increases their risk of internalizing disorders, burnout, and emotion regulation difficulties, especially in the time of COVID-19. Thus, it is important to identify possible interventions to increase provider wellness in the face of taxing work. The construct of self-care offers a promising area of study as a possible intervention point. However, current operationalizations of self-care have been limited and have emphasized behavioral components rather than cognitive components (e.g., beliefs) pertinent to self-care. This two-part study created and tested the psychometric properties of a novel measure, Self-care Belief and Behavior Questionnaire, in two different samples (e.g., a college sample and IECMH workforce sample). Additionally, this study determined the impact of self-care on professional quality of life and wellbeing outcomes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor results from Study 1 showed that the measure had 3 factors (e.g., self-care behavior, worthiness related to self-care, negative perceptions of self-care) with the first factor of self-care behavior meeting convergent, divergent and concurrent validity standards. These psychometric results were replicated in Study 2 and hierarchical regression results showed that self-care beliefs impact one’s engagement in practicing self-care. Further, self-care behavior impacted professional quality of life and wellbeing for IECMH workers. Self-care is a multi-faceted concept that involves beliefs, thoughts about the self and actual behaviors. Future research should determine the role of organizational support in providing an infrastructure that allows the exploration and education of self-care across system and individual levels.

One of the main purposes of the study, then, became that of estimating the degree of change which may be expected, with regard to attitudes concerning occupations, during a four-year period of college experiences. In order to carry out that purpose, an investigation was made of the occupational attitudes held by Seniors and Freshmen at Radford College, in order to observe whatever differences might exist between the judgments of the two groups. The fact that most of the subject groups were preparing for work in a professional field was taken into consideration where preference was shown for occupation of a professional nature. / M.S.

The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of career plateauing from the point of view of professional/technical specialists employed by the federal government. Answers were sought to the following questions: What effect, if any, does plateauing have on those experiencing it? Does plateauing grow in importance and effect over time? What can be done to alleviate any adverse effects of plateauing? A qualitative, descriptive survey was conducted wherein thirty-five scientists and engineers participated in in-depth interviews relating to their jobs and careers. The data gathered was coded and displayed so that comparisons could be made across the five groups which comprised the sample. The groups were (a) younger, shorter plateaued, (b) older, shorter plateaued, (c) younger, longer plateaued, (d) older, longer plateaued, and (e) non-plateaued. It was found that the younger, shorter plateaued subjects who were in the early stages of their careers did not experience negative reactions to plateauing. It did become problematic in mid career for some respondents but not for others. The career anchor (a concept developed by Edgar Schein) of the subject was the determining factor as to whether or not plateauing was troublesome. Those respondents anchored in technical/functional competence were either slightly or not at all concerned with their plateaued status. Those anchored in managerial competence were greatly concerned. By late career, the negative reactions to plateauing had abated for the managerially anchored and had disappeared for those anchored in technical/functional competence. Suggestions made by the respondents to mitigate any negative effects to plateauing were presented. / Ph. D.

Yes / Consultant radiographer numbers remain low despite the ongoing capacity challenges in diagnostic imaging. This is compounded by the limited evidence of how such roles can positively impact on service delivery, particularly in relation to their leadership expectations. Aims: To examine the activities undertaken by consultant radiographers; evidence the impact of the roles, and consider whether the roles encompass the four domains of consultant practice. Method: Six consultant radiographers employed in a single NHS Trust completed an activity diary over a period of 7 days. Interval sampling every 15 minutes enabled the collection of a large volume of complex data. Findings: All consultants worked beyond their contacted hours. The documented activities demonstrate the breadth of the roles and confirmed that the participants were undertaking all four core functions of consultant practice. Conclusion: The impact of the roles stretched beyond the local department and organisation to the health system and wider profession.

Federal law requires institutions to designate campus-based administrators to oversee Title IX processes and investigations, but little is known about how these have been professionally prepared for their roles. The purpose of this study was to understand the professional preparation, educational experiences, and professional training of Title IX administrators and to understand their independence in decision-making in those roles. This study utilized qualitative content analysis and a social constructionist approach to analyze data generated from interviews and document analysis. Sixteen current and former Title IX administrators (investigators, deputy coordinators, coordinators) provided their perspectives on their professional training and development. Using frameworks of work/professional socialization and professions theory, findings illustrated complex systems for knowledge acquisition, professional preparation, and professional socialization based on factors including resources, institutional context, and role prioritization. Participants' formal education, formative experiences, position-specific training, and professional organizations training all served as preparation for their roles. Discussion focused on implications for graduate programs, training and trainers, institutions and supervisors, the field of higher education, and current Title IX practitioners regarding professional preparation for these roles.

Un large consensus existe selon lequel la participation sociale des personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental demeure limitée ainsi que le nombre et la variété des activités investies. De plus, ces personnes expriment un rapport au sens plus restreint dans leurs occupations quotidiennes. En ergothérapie, le concept d’occupation signifiante est répandu : l’engagement dans des occupations signifiantes est d’ailleurs un objectif fort valorisé par les ergothérapeutes, tant dans les pratiques que dans les écrits théoriques. Toutefois, ce concept demeure peu défini. Un manque de compréhension subsiste quant à la manière par laquelle le sens est généré, favorisé ou soutenu dans les occupations. Ce mémoire présente les résultats d’une étude exploratoire visant à décrire les représentations du concept d’occupation signifiante chez les personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental et les ergothérapeutes œuvrant auprès de cette clientèle, mais également à comparer ces représentations selon le fait qu’elles découlent d’une expérience personnelle ou thérapeutique. Trois angles différents permettent de mieux définir une occupation signifiante : 1) les conditions préalables qui peuvent rendre l’occupation signifiante; 2) les éléments qui contribuent à y donner du sens; et 3) le recours aux effets dérivés de l’occupation pour y attribuer un sens. Dans un contexte thérapeutique, la dimension relationnelle est au cœur des représentations de l’occupation signifiante des personnes utilisatrices. Pour les ergothérapeutes, la place de l’occupation signifiante varie au sein de leurs représentations en fonction de la finalité de l’intervention, mais également en fonction de la nature du récit. La place qu’occupe le raisonnement clinique suscite également le questionnement à savoir si l’occupation est utilisée à son plein potentiel. Ainsi, les représentations de l’occupation signifiantes diffèrent entre les deux groupes, cette différence prenant encore plus forme lorsque les représentations sont comparées selon le type d’expériences. Ces résultats soulignent comment il est primordial d’explorer le sens des occupations pour les ergothérapeutes, sans tenir pour acquises leurs propres représentations. Ainsi, les ergothérapeutes et leurs clients pourront développer une compréhension commune de l’occupation signifiante et favoriser un engagement occupationnel plus satisfaisant. / There is widespread consensus that the social participation of, and number and variety of activities being undertaken by, individuals living with mental illness remains limited. Moreover, these individuals express a more limited sense of their daily occupations. In occupational therapy, meaningful occupation is a broad concept: engagement in meaningful occupations is highly valued by occupational therapists, both in practice and in theoretical writings. However, this concept lacks clarity. Insufficient understanding persists about how meaning can be generated, encouraged or sustained in occupations. This thesis presents the results of an exploratory study designed to describe the representations of meaningful occupations by individuals living with mental illness and by occupational therapists working with this clientele, but also to compare these representations in both personal and therapy contexts. The findings revealed three angles for describing meaningful occupation: 1) the preconditions that can make occupations meaningful, 2) the elements that contribute to the meaning of occupations and 3) when the meaning of occupations is derived from their effects. In a therapy context, the relationship dimension is predominant in the representations of meaningful occupation of the service users. For occupational therapists, the place of occupation varies within their representations depending on the nature of the narrative, but also depending on the goal of the intervention. The place of clinical reasoning also raises the question about whether occupation is used to its full potential. Those representations differ between clients and therapists, the differences being accentuated when the representations are compared between the types of experiences. These findings highlight the importance for occupational therapists to explore the meaning of occupation, and avoid taking for granted their representations. Therapists can then develop a common understanding of meaningful occupation with their clients and be better able to promote their more satisfying engagement in their occupations.