Perceived self-efficacy has been shown to be an accurate predictor of one's performance capabilities (Zimmerman, 2000). Low levels of perceived self-efficacy have been found to correlate with negative performance outcomes; while high levels of perceived self-efficacy correlate with positive performance outcomes. This construct has also been found to influence an individual's motivation level, goal setting ability, and risk for depression (Resnick, 2002; Phillips & Gully, 1997; Blazer, 2002). Therefore, perceived levels of self-efficacy may predict and influence performance of individuals with aphasia during a treatment program. However, the influence of self-efficacy on treatment for aphasia has not been sufficiently studied. The present study examined the differences between Response Elaboration Training (Kearns, 1985) and a modified version of Response Elaboration Training, incorporating the four sources of self-efficacy. First, it was hypothesized that the individual's level of perceived self-efficacy would predict performance during treatment. Also, it was hypothesized that a treatment incorporating self-efficacy would result in increased levels of self-efficacy, thereby promoting more positive therapeutic outcomes. A single-subject, cross-over design was employed; two individuals with Broca type aphasia received both types of treatment at alternating intervals. A relationship between perceived self-efficacy levels and performance outcomes was suggested. Participant one, with a high level of perceived self-efficacy for communicative tasks, experienced a general trend of improvement for effective communication. Participant two's use of effective communication revealed minimal change throughout the study; he also reported low to moderate levels of perceived self-efficacy in all modalities of communication throughout the study. Participant two's performance revealed slight improvements in self-efficacy, however, as well as improvements on a standardized aphasia assessment; this finding may suggest a relationship between increased self-efficacy and increased performance on the assessment. Results suggest that a treatment incorporating the four sources of self-efficacy may promote more positive treatment outcomes for individuals with aphasia.

Darbo problema – vis dar lieka neaiškus PRR efektyvumas ir jos sąsajos su amžiumi, lytimi, išsilavinimu, IŠL forma, subjektyvia savijauta, subjektyviu sveikatos vertinimu bei organizmo raumenų įtampa, sergantiems IŠL. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti progresuojančios raumenų relaksacijos taikymo efektyvumą AKS reguliavimui, atsižvelgiant į lytį, amžių, ligos formą, subjektyvų sveikatos vertinimą, išsilavinimą, raumenų įtampą ir subjektyvią savijautos įtampą, sergantiems IŠL, stacionarinės reabilitacijos etape. Tyrime buvo pakviesti dalyvauti 204 Abromiškių reabilitacinės ligoninės, kardiologinio skyriaus pacientai, tačiau į 1 užsiėmimą atėjo 53 (48,18 %) vyrai ir 40 (42,55 %) moterų, į 2 – 20 (18,18 %) vyrų ir 14 (14,89 %) moterų, į 3 – 15 (13,63 %) vyrų ir 12 (12,76 %) moterų ir į 4 – 12 (10,9 %) vyrų ir 8 (8,51 %) moterys. Tiriamieji dalyvavo 4 vienos valandos užsiėmimuose, kurie vyko 4 kartus per savaitę. Siekiant įvertinti PRR efektyvumą AKS mažinimui ir efektyvumo sąsajas su prieš tai išvardintais faktoriais, tiriamiesiems buvo pateikiamos anketos, vedami relaksaciniai užsiėmimai. Kiekvieno užsiėmimo pradžioje ir pabaigoje buvo matuojamas AKS ir duodamas užpildyti manekenas (raumenų įtampai įvertinti) bei subjektyvios savijautos skalė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad po relaksacijos AKS statistiškai reikšmingi sumažėjimai buvo tik vyrų tarpe, taip pat tarp jaunesnių pacientų, žmonėms sergantiems lengvesne IŠL forma, pacientams su aukštuoju išsilavinimu ir blogesniu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / It is still unclear if effectiveness of PMR is related with age, gender, education, IHD form, subjective health status, subjective tension and muscle tension for ischemic heart disease patients. So the aim of this survey is to analize how effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation in blood pressure regulation is related with these factors for ischemic heart disease in-patients at their rehabilitation period. 204 patients from Abromiškės rehabilitation hospital, cardiac department were invited to participate in relaxation groups, but in the first group participated only 53 (48,18%) men and 40 (42,55%) women, in the second - 20 (18,18%) men and 14 (14,89%) women, in the third - 15 (13,63%) men and 12 (12,76%) women and in fourth - 12 (10,9%) men and 8 (8,51%) women. Participants attended in four hourly relaxation groups which were four times per week. With the purpose to evaluate PMR effectiveness for blood pressure regulation and its’ relation with factors, participants were given questionnaires also relaxation groups were provided. At the beginning and at the end of each session blood pressure was measured also muscle tension was evaluated with the given model and 10 score scale was given for subjective feeling evaluation. The results of this study showed that the statistically significant reductions of blood pressure were only for men also for younger patients and patients with higher education, for patients with easier IHD form and for patients with worse... [to full text]

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