[EN] Marek Leykam has contributed to reformulate the role of a modern architect as a manager of a collective effort, taking part effectively in the reconstruction of Poland after World War II by generating a highly symbolic architecture with a project method that prioritized logic and reason, which not only allowed to meet architecture with material needs of society, but also people to act consciously on the basis of social problems arised by the loss of identity and the discouragement of the surviving population about the idea of human being. Starting under conditions of chaos, that moved all available agents to join forces in pursuit of a common goal which was part of the basic vital needs of the population, Leykam articulated a coherent project method, based on optimization of technical possibilities and resources, in order to generate a reasonable answer to the context but not determining solutions by circumstantial accidents. The projects of Marek Leykam were opened to be completed by the interaction of people that was using them and, far from utopia, did not claim to be revolutionary but pointed a strong resistance, setting the foundations of a stable society that tried to recover faith in their community by sharing routines, patterns and repetitions. By means of architecture, Leykam stirred as well public awareness about the need of restructuring Polish society in the absence of subjective and authoritarian impositions, creating logical propositions that would allow to manage hierarchies and distribute equally spaces and visual perspectives in architecture for organizing a more just and egalitarian society. This thesis is focused on demonstrate the existence of a consistent project method throughout the work of Marek Leykam, reconstructing retrospectively its patterns, analyzing the semiotic implications of his architecture and showing its concern to find solutions to social problems derived from the collective sense of alienation that happened in Poland after the II World War. / [ES] El arquitecto polaco Marek Leykam contribuyó a reformular el papel del arquitecto moderno como auténtico gestor de un esfuerzo colectivo, interviniendo con eficacia en la reconstrucción de Polonia tras la II Guerra Mundial mediante una arquitectura de gran simbolismo y representatividad atenida a un método proyectual coherente derivado de su prioridad por la lógica y la razón, que no solo le permitió responder a las necesidades materiales de la sociedad, sino actuar conscientemente sobre la base de sus problemas sociales derivados de la pérdida de identidad y el desarraigo de la población superviviente ante la propia idea de ser humano. Bajo unas condiciones de partida de caos, en las que tuvieron que unir fuerzas todos los agentes disponibles en aras de un objetivo común que formaba parte de los requerimientos vitales básicos de la población, Leykam articuló un método proyectual coherente basado en la optimización de las posibilidades técnicas y constructivas de cada momento, el máximo aprovechamiento de los recursos y la eficacia en la ejecución, a través del cual generar una respuesta razonada al contexto de cada obra sin que sus soluciones quedasen determinadas por accidentes circunstanciales. El conjunto de proyectos de Leykam reconstruye de forma continua una trama abierta a ser completada por la interacción consciente de todas las personas que entran en contacto con su trabajo, contemporizando una postura firme y contraria a los planteamientos de dominación que estaban teniendo lugar en Polonia después de 1945 tanto en la esfera artística como en la social, y dando lugar a una obra que, alejada de la utopía, no tuvo pretensión de ser revolucionaria pero sí de ejercer una resistencia sobre la cual se sentasen las bases de una sociedad estable que recuperase la fe en su convivencia comunitaria compartiendo rutinas, pautas y repeticiones a modo de actos de liturgia. Mediante la arquitectura, Leykam agitó así la conciencia colectiva sobre la necesidad de reestructurar la sociedad polaca desde la ausencia de imposiciones autoritarias de carácter subjetivo, hecho al que aludió a través de una arquitectura basada en proposiciones lógicas que permitiesen administrar racionalmente las jerarquías y distribuir equitativamente los espacios y sus perspectivas visuales independientemente de cuáles fueran sus funciones. Mediante este procedimiento, era posible poner de manifiesto asimismo la necesidad de no trabajar alejado de los avances técnicos, ni carecer de mecanismos democráticos para organizar una sociedad más justa e igualitaria. El objetivo de esta tesis es demostrar la existencia de un método proyectual coherente a lo largo de toda la obra de Marek Leykam, reconstruyendo retrospectivamente sus patrones, analizando las implicaciones semióticas de su arquitectura y poniendo de manifiesto su preocupación por la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas sociales en una época marcada por un sentimiento colectivo de alienación. / [CA] L'arquitecte polonès Marek Leykam va contribuir a reformular el paper de l'arquitecte modern com autèntic gestor d'un esforç col·lectiu, intervenint amb eficàcia en la reconstrucció de Polònia després de la II Guerra Mundial mitjançant una arquitectura de gran simbolisme i representativitat atinguda a un mètode projectual coherent derivat de la seva prioritat per la lògica i la raó, que no només permetia respondre a les necessitats materials de la societat sinó actuar conscientment sobre la base dels seus problemes socials derivats de la pèrdua d'identitat i el desarrelament de la població supervivent davant la pròpia idea d'ésser humà. Sota unes condicions de partida de caos en què van haver d'unir forces tots els agents disponibles en nom d'un objectiu comú que formava part dels requeriments vitals bàsics de la població, Leykam va articular un mètode projectual coherent basat en l'optimització de les possibilitats tècniques i constructives de cada moment, el màxim aprofitament dels recursos i l'eficàcia en l'execució, a través del qual generar una resposta raonada al context de cada obra sense que les seves solucions quedessin determinades per accidents circumstancials. El conjunt de projectes d'Leykam reconstrueix de forma contínua una trama oberta a ser completada per la interacció conscient de totes les persones que entren en contacte amb el seu treball, contemporitzant una postura ferma i contrària als plantejaments de dominació que estaven tenint lloc a Polònia després de 1945 tant en l'esfera artística com en la social, i donant lloc a una obra que, allunyada de la utopia, no va tenir pretensió de ser revolucionària però sí d'exercir una resistència sobre la qual s'asseguessin les bases d'una societat estable que recuperés la fe en la seva convivència comunitària compartint rutines, pautes i repeticions com d'actes d'una litúrgia. Mitjançant l'arquitectura, Leykam agità així la consciència col·lectiva sobre la necessitat de reestructurar la societat polonesa des de l'absència d'imposicions autoritàries de caràcter subjectiu, fet al que va al¿ludir a través d'una arquitectura basada en proposicions lògiques que permetessin administrar racionalment les jerarquies i distribuir equitativament els espais i les seves perspectives visuals independentment de quines fossin les seves funcions. Mitjançant aquest procediment, era possible posar de manifest, així mateix, la necessitat de no treballar allunyat dels avenços tècnics ni mancar de mecanismes democràtics per organitzar una societat més justa i igualitària. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és demostrar l'existència d'un mètode projectual coherent al llarg de tota l'obra de Marek Leykam, reconstruint retrospectivament els seus patrons, analitzant les implicacions semiòtiques de la seva arquitectura i posant de manifest la seva preocupació per la recerca de solucions als problemes socials en una època marcada per un sentiment col·lectiu d'alienació. / Requena Crespo, FV. (2016). Marek Leykam. Hacia una arquitectura de resistencia [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62190

Li, Ka Yi. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-42). / Abstracts also in Chinese; some appendixes includes Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 25, October, 2016).

published_or_final_version / abstract / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This diploma work Addicted Substances - project for the lower secondary school is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The aim of this work is giving information about addicted drugs and method of teaching by form of projects, proposing and realization of project with this topic, which could be used for other teachers. Theoretical part is intent on summary of question of addicted substances, where the terms addicted substances, abuse of addicted drugs - its symptoms or risks, causes of drugs addiction and some terms, what are connected with this question (e.g. habit, tolerance, addiction, syndrome of abstinence), are clarified. In this work, there are also mentioned division of these substances in more points of views, character of chosen addicted substances, where is described basic division according to availability - legal and illegal drugs. Representatives or categories of addicted substances, their characteristic and effects on human organism, are mentioned within this dividing. Issues of projects, their methods and project teaching, fall into theoretical part too. The terms like schooling, its methods, project method or project and key term project are also clarified here. Last but not least, history of project teaching, its effect in Czech countries and study source of...

Com o objetivo de auxiliar o projetista na fase de projeto físico, são especificadas duas ferramentas: ferramenta de cabeamento estruturado e ferramenta de seleção de equipamentos. A primeira opera como um sistema de CAD/CAE permitindo que o projetista elabore as plantas civil, de instalação elétrica e da infra-estrutura de comunicação de andares de um prédio ou de um campus e desenvolva o seu projeto de cabeamento estruturado. Para tanto, essa ferramenta verifica as regras de projeto para cada ação executada pelo projetista, implementa tais regras, quando estiver operando em modo automático, e auxilia o projetista na seleção dos componentes de distribuição mais adequados ao projeto. A segunda ferramenta implementa um driver da metodologia proposta. Permite que o projetista especifique as sub-redes do ambiente de redes a ser projetado e o auxilia na seleção da tecnologia e dos equipamentos mais apropriados para cada uma dessas sub-redes. No caso especifico da seleção da tecnologia e equipamentos de rede, essa ferramenta determina o conjunto de tecnologias e equipamentos que podem ser empregados em cada sub-rede, aplicando regras de projeto e utilizando informações sobre tecnologias e equipamentos de rede cadastrados na sua base de dados sobre as características do ambiente de informática considerado e os requisitos de projeto fornecidos pelo próprio projetista. / Today, networks are assuming an increasing importance in all kinds of companies, like bureau of services, bank organizations, shopping stores, educational institutions and hospitals, among others. As a consequence, it\'s becoming more important to offer to these companies high quality network designs, that could warranty the return of the investments made. A high quality design should fulfil the company needs, the addition of new services as the information system evolves and be capable of implementation according to the company budget and time constraints. To achieve this goal it is important to count with a powerful local network design methodology and with designers with strong theoretical and practical knowledge. The designer should apply such methodology and the corresponding designing rules to define the most appropriate network technology and equipments. Inside this context, the purpose of this work is to propose a local network design methodology for environments spanning from a few floors of a building comprising a campus and the supporting software tools for its applications. The proposed methodology consists of various phases: collecting all the information concerning the needs and characteristics of the company\'s present computing environment, their future trends and the development of the physical and logical network design. With exception of the logical networks design, that is out of the scope of this work, this methodology specifies the inputs, the procedure and the expected results for each phase. With the purpose of helping the designer during the physical network design phase two software tools are speciufied: structured cabling tool and equipment selection tool. The first one run like a CAD/CAE the electrical installation and the communication infrastructure for the building and campus and todevelop of the structured cabling solution. In order to accomplish these objectives, this tool verifies the designing rules for each action, implements these rules when operating in the automatic mode, and helps the designer in the selection of the most suited distribution components. The second tool implements a driver of the proposed methodology. It allows the designer to specify the sub-networks (workgroups and backbone networks) and helps with the selection of the most suited technology and network equipments for each sub-network. This tool also chooses the set of technologies and network equipments the could be used in each sub-network. It provides these choices based on the designing rules, on a database of technologies and equipments and on the characteristic of the computing environment and the design requirements provide by the designer. The use of the proposed methodology and its supporting tool\'s warranties the targeted quality and precision for any network design, organize its applications and give the necessary information allowing the designer to specify the desired solution.

Com o objetivo de auxiliar o projetista na fase de projeto físico, são especificadas duas ferramentas: ferramenta de cabeamento estruturado e ferramenta de seleção de equipamentos. A primeira opera como um sistema de CAD/CAE permitindo que o projetista elabore as plantas civil, de instalação elétrica e da infra-estrutura de comunicação de andares de um prédio ou de um campus e desenvolva o seu projeto de cabeamento estruturado. Para tanto, essa ferramenta verifica as regras de projeto para cada ação executada pelo projetista, implementa tais regras, quando estiver operando em modo automático, e auxilia o projetista na seleção dos componentes de distribuição mais adequados ao projeto. A segunda ferramenta implementa um driver da metodologia proposta. Permite que o projetista especifique as sub-redes do ambiente de redes a ser projetado e o auxilia na seleção da tecnologia e dos equipamentos mais apropriados para cada uma dessas sub-redes. No caso especifico da seleção da tecnologia e equipamentos de rede, essa ferramenta determina o conjunto de tecnologias e equipamentos que podem ser empregados em cada sub-rede, aplicando regras de projeto e utilizando informações sobre tecnologias e equipamentos de rede cadastrados na sua base de dados sobre as características do ambiente de informática considerado e os requisitos de projeto fornecidos pelo próprio projetista. / Today, networks are assuming an increasing importance in all kinds of companies, like bureau of services, bank organizations, shopping stores, educational institutions and hospitals, among others. As a consequence, it\'s becoming more important to offer to these companies high quality network designs, that could warranty the return of the investments made. A high quality design should fulfil the company needs, the addition of new services as the information system evolves and be capable of implementation according to the company budget and time constraints. To achieve this goal it is important to count with a powerful local network design methodology and with designers with strong theoretical and practical knowledge. The designer should apply such methodology and the corresponding designing rules to define the most appropriate network technology and equipments. Inside this context, the purpose of this work is to propose a local network design methodology for environments spanning from a few floors of a building comprising a campus and the supporting software tools for its applications. The proposed methodology consists of various phases: collecting all the information concerning the needs and characteristics of the company\'s present computing environment, their future trends and the development of the physical and logical network design. With exception of the logical networks design, that is out of the scope of this work, this methodology specifies the inputs, the procedure and the expected results for each phase. With the purpose of helping the designer during the physical network design phase two software tools are speciufied: structured cabling tool and equipment selection tool. The first one run like a CAD/CAE the electrical installation and the communication infrastructure for the building and campus and todevelop of the structured cabling solution. In order to accomplish these objectives, this tool verifies the designing rules for each action, implements these rules when operating in the automatic mode, and helps the designer in the selection of the most suited distribution components. The second tool implements a driver of the proposed methodology. It allows the designer to specify the sub-networks (workgroups and backbone networks) and helps with the selection of the most suited technology and network equipments for each sub-network. This tool also chooses the set of technologies and network equipments the could be used in each sub-network. It provides these choices based on the designing rules, on a database of technologies and equipments and on the characteristic of the computing environment and the design requirements provide by the designer. The use of the proposed methodology and its supporting tool\'s warranties the targeted quality and precision for any network design, organize its applications and give the necessary information allowing the designer to specify the desired solution.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Education

This master thesis deals with three topics in the theoretical part. The first part focuses on project method at primary school education; in the second part the goals and output competences of a pupil at primary education according to Framework training programme for primary schools can be found. Finally a chapter about creativity in the subject "practical activities" and introduction to history of food culture in last centuries concludes the theoretical part. In the practical part ten projects that focus on the food preparations and culture in the teaching are created. These are intended for the fourth and fifth classes of primary schools. A part of it are also preparations of the meals, experience from realisation of some projects, advantages and disadvantages, reactions of pupils or formulations of more general recommendations for the use of original educational projects.