This thesis deals with regional history and possibilities of its didactic use in teaching of History at lower - secondary school. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the characterization of the project methods and regional history. There is also introduced the topic of Operation SILVER A in Pardubice and the evaluation of its importance in history of the region. The practical part of the thesis presents a design of the project with possibility of integration into the teaching of History at lower - secondary school. The results of project which has been implemented with pupils of lower - secondary school Základní škola Pardubice Benešovo náměstí during May and June 2014 and suggestions for development of the project are presented in the final chapter. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Undergraduate pre-business students who had taken an introductory business statistics course three years ago were sent a questionnaire that, among several other questions, asked them about their views on the usefulness of the course. Students rated the introductory business statistics course as "moderately important" for their business education. They favored an integrated approach that covers both the statistical concepts and the computer software necessary to carry out the statistical analysis, and they had a strong preference for the Microsoft EXCEL software. Students thought that projects played an important role in introducing them to real-world applications of statistics, but they also mentioned several problems that arose with group-based work. Factors mentioned as having had an impact on teaching effectiveness are discussed in the last part of the paper. (author's abstract) / Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik

Considerando-se os projetos didáticos propostos por Lerner como um recurso para se conciliarem propósitos didáticos e comunicativos em classes de alfabetização, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender como o trânsito entre conceber, planejar e executar subsidia os professores na construção de sua prática pedagógica de projetos didáticos. Partindo de uma concepção interacionista de aprendizagem, e dialógica de língua, sustentadas por referenciais teóricos como Piaget, Vygotsky, Bakhtin, Ferreiro e Lerner, e apoiando-se também na triangulação didática proposta por Chevallard, o estudo pautou-se em três eixos de investigação: o aluno e seus processos de aprendizagem, a língua como objeto de ensino e a didática dos professores. Cada um deles foi analisado em três instâncias: concepções, intencionalidades e práticas. Trata-se de um estudo de três casos, visando acompanhar o trabalho de professoras de 1º, 2º e 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Suas concepções, nos três eixos, foram aferidas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. As intencionalidades foram inferidas a partir da análise documental dos planejamentos cedidos pelas docentes. A análise das práticas deu-se através de observações não participantes em sala de aula. Os dados foram analisados sob a óptica do paradigma do indiciário proposto por Ginzburg. Concluiu-se neste trabalho que o processo de construção de concepções docentes é híbrido e marcado por diferentes referências que circulam na esfera educacional, com diversos níveis de apropriação. Os dados coletados demonstraram que, além da concepção em que se fundam, diferentes elementos do contexto escolar interferem nas intencionalidades e planejamentos dos professores. A prática pedagógica, por sua vez, embora receba a influência das concepções e intencionalidades docentes, oscila em função de uma multiplicidade de fatores internos e externos. Com isso, a pesquisa demonstrou o processo de construção didática docente e trouxe novos elementos à reflexão sobre as abordagens de formação inicial e continuada dos professores. Além disso, evidenciou a necessidade de iniciativas que possam ampliar a produção de conhecimento didático e, ainda, promover a reflexão dos docentes sobre o próprio trabalho, em especial sobre as práticas de alfabetização e os projetos didáticos. / Considering Lerners concept of project-based teaching as a resource to conciliate didactic and communicative purposes in literacy grades, this research aims to understand how the transition between conceiving, planning and executing scaffolds project-based teaching and supports teachers practice. Taking a dialogic and interactionist perspective of the language, sustained by theoretical references as Piaget, Vygotsky, Bakhtin, Ferreiro and Lerner, as well as Chevallards didactic triangulation, this study explores three main paths: the student and his/her learning processes, the language as a teaching object and the teachers didactics. Each path was analysed in the following aspects: conceptualization, intentionality and praxis, aiming to consider the daily work of first, second and third grade teachers in Elementary School. Semistructured interviews were used to look into the teachers concepts. Intentionality was observed through the document analysis of the teachers planners. Non-participant class observation methods were used to analyse the teachers daily practice. All collected data was considered under the perspective of the evidential paradigm proposed by Ginzburg. This dissertation came to the conclusion that the process of building concepts performed by teachers is multiple, including various references regarding the educational environment as a whole. The material analysed has proved that different school contexts impact not only teachers planners, but also their intentionality. Hence, the pedagogical practice oscillates according to countless internal and external factors. This dissertation contributes to the reflection about these variables and brings new elements to approach initial and continuing training for teachers. Besides that, it hightlights the need for initiatives that may broaden the production of didactic knowledge and enhance the reflection on ones pedagogical practice, especially regarding literacy routines and project-based teaching.

The main theme of the thesis is to create a suggestion of my own teaching material for teaching the topic Biogeography on the 2nd stage of Primary school with the use of project- based teaching and practical form of teaching. The suggestion of the teaching material is in the form of workbook that contains worksheets for biogeographic projects. There was also created methodological guide for teachers to help them in the organization of these projects. The teaching text itself corresponds to the principles defined in the current educational documents. The theoretical part evaluates the significance and status of the topic Biogeography and Biosphere in the curriculum in the context of the Framework Educational Programme for Elementary Education and the school educational programmes of schools monitored. The next chapters are devoted to the didactic function analysis of current educational textbooks and workbooks for the 2nd stage of Primary schools and evaluate the importance of project- based teaching in the teaching of Geography.

Considerando-se os projetos didáticos propostos por Lerner como um recurso para se conciliarem propósitos didáticos e comunicativos em classes de alfabetização, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender como o trânsito entre conceber, planejar e executar subsidia os professores na construção de sua prática pedagógica de projetos didáticos. Partindo de uma concepção interacionista de aprendizagem, e dialógica de língua, sustentadas por referenciais teóricos como Piaget, Vygotsky, Bakhtin, Ferreiro e Lerner, e apoiando-se também na triangulação didática proposta por Chevallard, o estudo pautou-se em três eixos de investigação: o aluno e seus processos de aprendizagem, a língua como objeto de ensino e a didática dos professores. Cada um deles foi analisado em três instâncias: concepções, intencionalidades e práticas. Trata-se de um estudo de três casos, visando acompanhar o trabalho de professoras de 1º, 2º e 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Suas concepções, nos três eixos, foram aferidas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. As intencionalidades foram inferidas a partir da análise documental dos planejamentos cedidos pelas docentes. A análise das práticas deu-se através de observações não participantes em sala de aula. Os dados foram analisados sob a óptica do paradigma do indiciário proposto por Ginzburg. Concluiu-se neste trabalho que o processo de construção de concepções docentes é híbrido e marcado por diferentes referências que circulam na esfera educacional, com diversos níveis de apropriação. Os dados coletados demonstraram que, além da concepção em que se fundam, diferentes elementos do contexto escolar interferem nas intencionalidades e planejamentos dos professores. A prática pedagógica, por sua vez, embora receba a influência das concepções e intencionalidades docentes, oscila em função de uma multiplicidade de fatores internos e externos. Com isso, a pesquisa demonstrou o processo de construção didática docente e trouxe novos elementos à reflexão sobre as abordagens de formação inicial e continuada dos professores. Além disso, evidenciou a necessidade de iniciativas que possam ampliar a produção de conhecimento didático e, ainda, promover a reflexão dos docentes sobre o próprio trabalho, em especial sobre as práticas de alfabetização e os projetos didáticos. / Considering Lerners concept of project-based teaching as a resource to conciliate didactic and communicative purposes in literacy grades, this research aims to understand how the transition between conceiving, planning and executing scaffolds project-based teaching and supports teachers practice. Taking a dialogic and interactionist perspective of the language, sustained by theoretical references as Piaget, Vygotsky, Bakhtin, Ferreiro and Lerner, as well as Chevallards didactic triangulation, this study explores three main paths: the student and his/her learning processes, the language as a teaching object and the teachers didactics. Each path was analysed in the following aspects: conceptualization, intentionality and praxis, aiming to consider the daily work of first, second and third grade teachers in Elementary School. Semistructured interviews were used to look into the teachers concepts. Intentionality was observed through the document analysis of the teachers planners. Non-participant class observation methods were used to analyse the teachers daily practice. All collected data was considered under the perspective of the evidential paradigm proposed by Ginzburg. This dissertation came to the conclusion that the process of building concepts performed by teachers is multiple, including various references regarding the educational environment as a whole. The material analysed has proved that different school contexts impact not only teachers planners, but also their intentionality. Hence, the pedagogical practice oscillates according to countless internal and external factors. This dissertation contributes to the reflection about these variables and brings new elements to approach initial and continuing training for teachers. Besides that, it hightlights the need for initiatives that may broaden the production of didactic knowledge and enhance the reflection on ones pedagogical practice, especially regarding literacy routines and project-based teaching.

Orientador: Jose Carlos Paes de Almeida Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T21:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu-e-Lima_DeniseMartinsde_D.pdf: 3386078 bytes, checksum: 364fbadb35ba33b85ca8d6c41c5ad208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Pesquisas realizadas na área de Lingüística Aplicada (LA) sobre formação de professores de língua estrangeira (LE) revelam a falta de articulação entre teoria-prática e de preparo dos professores como sujeitos transformadores em sua prática, demonstrando a inconsistência da formação de professores no desenvolvimento das competências de ensinar, segundo classificação de Almeida Filho (1998). As mesmas pesquisas citadas indicam caminhos que podem ser seguidos para minimizar ou solucionar esses problemas. Um dos caminhos a ser percorrido na LA é saber como fazer para que uma abordagem de ensinar e aprender línguas, condizente com os resultados almejados, seja concretizada na prática e produza os efeitos desejados nas diferentes competências do profissional de ensino. De acordo com essas discussões e com as características exigidas pelo Ministério da Educação sobre o tipo de profissional que se deseja formar: que tenha capacidade crítico-reflexiva, que saiba trabalhar em equipe, realizar projetos, trabalhar interdisciplinarmente, desenvolvendo suas potencialidades e as de seus alunos, buscamos na teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas de Gardner (1983) um possível eixo temático para ser abordado em curso de formação de professores. Este trabalho, qualitativo e interpretativista, de cunho etnográfico, foi desenvolvido em uma universidade federal pública de formação de professores de inglês pré-serviço (PPS). Na organização da disciplina-base para esta pesquisa (sexto período de um curso noturno com 10 períodos), adotou-se como abordagens norteadoras: a reflexivista de formação de professores e a comunicativa de ensino de língua(s), neste caso, a língua inglesa. O objetivo foi o de verificar como o ensino de LE na formação de professores, baseado em uma abordagem comunicativa de ensinar, realizada por intermédio de projetos, aliado a uma formação reflexiva que desenvolva as competências de ensinar, pode ser articulado a um núcleo temático como a teoria das inteligências múltiplas. Com base nessas articulações teóricas, também se buscou avaliar de que forma essas teorias podem ser organizadas em um modelo macro-organizacional e que papéis podem assumir para auxiliar o professor formador em sua prática docente. Os instrumentos para coleta e análise dos dados foram: questionário diagnóstico, interação virtual e presencial, provas e projetos elaborados pelos PPS, aulas gravadas em vídeo, avaliações entre os colegas, auto-avaliações e anotações de campo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que há compatibilidade do eixo temático com o paradigma reflexivista de formação de professores que, aliado à abordagem comunicativa, permitiu que fosse criada a base necessária para o desenvolvimento das competências. A língua-alvo pôde ser utilizada contextualizada e significativamente em todos os momentos de ensino-aprendizagem, resultando no desenvolvimento da competência lingüístico-comunicativa. Os PPS puderam também desenvolver suas inteligências intra e interpessoais, fundamentais para o trabalho de sala de aula. Os projetos desenhados pelos PPS revelam quanto os mesmos desenvolveram suas competências durante o processo para sugerir mudanças no ensino de língua inglesa nas escolas. Além desses resultados, foi elaborada uma tabela organizadora de habilidades das inteligências que uma vez estimuladas desenvolvem as competências de ensinar dos PPS, bem como foi sugerida uma macro-formulação teórica para disciplinas a serem ministradas para PPS de língua(s) / Abstract: From the mid 90's on, studies in Applied Linguistics (AL) have been carried out investigating questions related to preservice teacher education. They have revealed lack of articulation between theory and practice, lack of comprehensive knowledge of the content to be taught and lack of pedagogical education. Most of these investigations have shown how underdeveloped the teaching competences (Almeida Filho, 1998) are. Researchers have pointed out some possible ways to develop more effective courses in language teacher education, stimulating the different competences. In agreement with these suggestions, the Brazilian Ministry of Education has established characteristics for the reflexive capacity, knowing how to work in interdisciplinary groups through projects. These characteristics are related to the concept of intelligence described by Gardner (1983) in the theory of Multiple Intelligences. The study reported here has evaluated the results of using this theory as a guideline in developing a course in a language teacher education program (LTEP). This qualitative and interpretative research, in an ethnographic basis, was carried out in a public federal LTEP. In the course used for this work (sixth period in a 10-period program), two paradigms were also adopted: the reflexivist of teachers¿ education and the communicative of language teaching, in this case, English as a foreign language (FL). It was believed that by choosing the communicative approach we would enable the preservice teachers to get access not only to the theory related to the topic but also to the experience of learning language through it, having models of how to teach using this approach in their future contexts. In this study, the CA was developed through projects designed by the preservice teachers. Taking the results of these articulations, it was also the purpose of this study to evaluate in which way these theories could be organized in a macro-structure model and which roles they could play to help the teacher educators in their practice. The instruments used to data collect and analysis were: diagnostic questionnaire, virtual and classroom interaction, tests and projects made by the preservice teachers as well as recorded classes, peer, self and course evaluations and field notes. The results demonstrate that there is compatibility among the theory of MI, the paradigm of reflexive teaching education and the communicative approach of teaching a foreign language through projects, creating the necessary basis to develop the teaching competences. The target language was used contextualized and meaningfully in all interactions what has resulted in a better linguistic-communicative competence. The preservice teachers could also develop their intra and interpersonal intelligences, fundamental to the classroom routine. The projects designed by the preservice teachers reveal how they are prepared to suggest changes and create new opportunities of learning English in elementary and secondary schools. Besides, this study proposes an organized table among specific abilities related to the eight intelligences that once stimulated could develop the teaching competences. A suggestion of a theoretical macro-structure of teaching was provided to be used in teacher education programs / Doutorado / Ensino-Aprendizagem de Segunda Lingua e Lingua Estrangeira / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

The main theme of the thesis is to create a suggestion of my own teaching material for teaching the topic of regional geography of South America on the 2nd stage of Primary school with the use of project ? based teaching and practical form of teaching and it ´s posibility of teaching outside a Primary school. The suggestion of the teaching material is in the form of woorkbook that contains worksheets for suggestion project dealing with the topic regional geography of South America and Amazon. There was also created mehtodological guide for teachers to help them in organization of these projects. The teaching text itself corresponds to principles defined in the current educational documents. The teoretici part evaluates the signifikance and status of the topic regional geography of South America in the curriculum in the kontext of the Framework Educational Programme for Elementary Education and the school educational programmes of school monitored. The next chapters are devoted to the didactic function analysis of current educational textbooks and workbooks for the 2nd stage Primary schools and to evaluace the importance of the project ? based in the teaching of Geography.

This diploma thesis deals with trends in German language teaching, focusing on project-based learning. The theoretical part deals with the description of German language in the Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education and with theoretical background of project-based learning. The thesis then focuses on four main parts of a project: planning, realisation, presentation and evaluation. The main aim of the practical part is to prepare a draft of a project for a German language class, which is to be put into practice at elementary school. Based on two surveys filled in by the participants of the project, the practical part compares the opinions of pupils on the project-based learning compared to the traditional way of teaching. It also focuses on the motivational aspect which should be brought about by projects. Keywords Project, Project-based Learning, Teaching Method, German Language Teaching, Cooperation of the Pupils, Elementary School

The new curriculum reforms of Czech and Slovak educational systems provide schools enough room for new effective methods developing pupil's key competence. The dissertation deals with one of them - the project-based teaching, especially in science subjects in the second stage of basic school. It presents results of a comparative study which was conducted 2008/2009 school year. The most important aim was to establish and compare common characteristics of realized projects. The sample consisted of 180 Czech and 71 Slovak basic schools. The projects data and views of teachers were collected via a questionnaire. The results of the survey indicated that project-based teachings in science subjects was used in more than 80 % of Czech schools and more than 60 % of Slovak schools. Schools in both countries preferred projects realized only in one class, by one teacher and within the frame of one science subject. Czech schools preferred short projects that lasted no more than one week, Slovak schools organized mostly long projects lasting more than one week. Most projects in Czech schools were short-term, lasting on average no more than one week. Projects in Slovak schools on the other hand lasted on average more than one week. The majority of projects were planned and prepared by a teacher. Teachers were...

Teknikämnet är i ständig förändring i och med den snabba teknikutvecklingen, medan klassrummets utseende i princip inte har förändrats sedan 1840-talet. Därför lär inte det traditionella klassrummet vara anpassat för teknikämnet och dess undervisning idag. Syftet har varit att undersöka, analysera och utforma förslag på hur teknikklassrum kan utformas. Vidare var syftet att utvärdera förslagen med utgångspunkt i perspektivet att klassrummet ska främja projektbaserad undervisning. För att uppnå syftet genomfördes en litteraturstudie samt datainsamling bestående av intervjuer och fokusgrupper med lärare och elever. En fenomenografisk analys utfördes på empirin för att finna uppfattningar om vad som är viktigt vid utformning av ett klassrum. Analysen visade att den fysiska inomhusmiljön, möblering, material i klassrummet, inspiration för elever samt vad som finns i närheten av klassrummet, är viktigt att ta hänsyn till vid utformning av teknikklassrummet. Flexibilitet verkade vara den enskilt viktigaste faktorn att ta hänsyn till vid klassrumsutformning, därför behöver flexibilitet genomsyra alla kategorier. De fysiska miljöfaktorer som lärare ansåg påverkar projektbaserad undervisning var material, ljudvolym, estetik och elevernas placering. När ett klassrum ska utformas för att främja projektbaserad undervisning behöver skolan ta hänsyn till vilka typer av projekt klassrummet ska möjliggöra eftersom olika projekt kräver olika fysiska miljöer. Fem klassrumsförslag för teknikämnet utformades främst med hjälp av den fenomenografiska analysen. En utvärdering av klassrumsförslagen gjordes och enligt respondenterna passar två av förslagen, eller en kombination av dem, bäst för projektbaserad undervisning. / Technology is a Swedish school subject that is in constant change because of the rapid rate of technology development, while the classroom appearance, in principle, has not changed since the 1840s. Hence, the traditional classroom might not be suited for the subject of technology and its teaching. The aim has been to investigate, analyze and design proposals on how a classroom for the technology subject can be designed. Furthermore, the aim was to evaluate the proposals based on the perspective that the classroom should promote projectbased teaching. To achieve the aim, literature studies and data collection was conducted consisting of interviews and focus groups with teachers and students. A phenomenological analysis was conducted to find perceptions of what is important when designing a classroom. The analysis showed that the physical indoor environment, furnishings and materials in the classroom, inspiration for students as well as what is in the vicinity of the classroom are important to be taken into consideration when designing a classroom for the technology subject. Flexibility seemed to be the single most important factor to take into account in classroom design, therefore, flexibility needs to permeate all categories. The physical environmental factors that teachers thought influenced project-based teaching were material, sound volume, aesthetics and students' placement. When a classroom is to be designed to promote project-based teaching, the school needs to take into account what kind of projects the classroom should enable because different projects require different physical environments. Five classroom proposals for the technology subject were designed primarily using the phenomenological analysis. An evaluation of the classroom proposals was made and according to the respondents, two of the proposals, or a combination of them, are best suited for project-based teaching.