Diss.--Theologische Fakultät--Erlangen--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 248-256. Index.

In this thesis, I seek to contextualize the exclusivity of traditional marriage in the United States. I investigate the use of Christian beliefs applied to the American legal system, consequently becoming the foundation of American commonsense. I draw out the ways in which Augustinian thoughts on marriage have inadvertently been used to justify institutional favoritism toward heterosexual, monogamous couples. Through examining the Christian-American lens that shapes our understanding of traditional marriage, I argue that previous and current secular opposition to non-traditional marriage is fundamentally grounded in Christian faith, furthermore, American cultural understanding of marriage is unconsciously lined with Augustinian thought.

Planning of distribution grids is based on statistically estimating the maximum load that will occur given a certain range of criteria (location, household types, district / electric heating etc.) Charging of electric vehicles is not one of these criteria. However, given the expected `boom' in sales of Chargeable Electric Vehicles (CEVs), and the lengthy planning process of distribution grids (>10 years) the knowledge gap is becoming a more pressing issue. This research has been conducted to investigate if Vattenfall, a Swedish electric utility company with distribution assets in both Sweden and Germany, needs to take action to react to the expected increase in CEVs in the near term. The study has been conducted with Uppsala Municipality as a showcase and 2030 as the time frame. The findings of this study show that Vattenfall should incorporate CEV usage into distribution planning to avoid overload of power stations in Uppsala by 2030. The ndings shows that 1) we can expect a 'boom' in sales of CEVs in the near future and that 73% of cars in trac in Uppsala may be CEVs by 2030 and 2) that CEV charging is expected to have a signi- cant impact on the distribution grid, with certain power stations in Uppsala seeing a peak load increase of up to 30%. The recommended actions are the following: • Monitor specific areas with a high concentration of cars and low energy consumption per household that already have substations with capacity below the recommended dimensions • Monitor CEV sales to reevaluate current projections on CEV development in Uppsala • Monitor trends of car ownership and evaluate whether this will aect CEV charging behaviour • Reconstruct Velander constants, used for grid planning, to take the CEV load into consideration • Investigate smart charging solutions, to shift the CEV load peak to a different time of the day / Dimensionering av distributionsnat baseras pa att statistiskt uppskatta den maximala lasten som kommer att intraa pa natet, givet olika faktorer (geograskt lage, hushallstyp, fjarrvarme / elvarme etc.). Laddning av elbilar ar inte en av de faktorer som man tar hansyn till. Givet en vantat kraftig okning av laddningsbara bilar, samt den langa planeringshorisonten for distributionsn at (>10 ar), blir dock fragan hur elbilar kommer att paverka elnatet valdigt aktuell. Denna studie har bedrivits for att avgora hur Vattenfall, ett statligt, svenskt elbolag med distributionsnat i Sverige och Tyskland, behover agera for att anpassa sig till den forvantade okningen av elbilar. Den har studien har genomforts som en fallstudie pa Uppsala Kommun med ar 2030 som tidsram. Resultaten fran studien visar att Vattenfall bor ta hansyn till laddning av elbilar vid dimensionering av distributionsnat for att undvika overbelastning pa natstationer i Uppsala ar 2030. Resultaten visar dels att 1) man kan forvanta sig en kraftig okning av forsaljning av laddningsbara fordon inom en snar framtid och uppemot 73 % av alla bilar i trak i Uppsala kommer att vara laddningsbaraar 2030 samt att 2) laddningsbara fordon kommer att ha en signikant paverkan pa distributionsnatet med okningar pa upp till 30 % av maxlasten for vissa natstationer. Foljande atgarder rekommenderas saledes: • Overvaka specika omraden med hog biltathet och lag energianvandning per hushall som ar anslutna till natstationer som ar underdimensionerade • Folj utvecklingen av forsaljning av laddbara fordon for att omvardera genom forda projektioner over laddningsbara bilar i Uppsala • Overvaka trender inom bilagande och utvardera hur detta paverkar laddningsbeteende • Gor om Velanderkonstanter sa att de tar hansyn till lasten fran laddbara fordon vid planering av elnat •  Utvardera smarta laddningslosningar for att ytta last fran elbilsladdning till en annan tidpunkt pa dygnet

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silia_Maria_de_Negreiros_Sousa.PDF: 2393965 bytes, checksum: 2141d53619fac032628eddd0a98157dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of digestible protein (DP) and energy (DE) over growth, breeding performance and offspring quality in females of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nine food formulae were evaluated using a combination of three DP levels (28, 34 and 40%) and three DE levels (2,800, 3,400 and 4,000 kcal.kg-1) in three repetitions. Fish were kept in net cages along a naturally carved tank. Temperature was measured daily while pH and dissolved oxygen values were taken weekly. The breeding management was carried out in 260 days (September 2010 to April 2010) using a sex ratio of 3 females: 1 male with ten days of resting and four days of mating. Mean weight, standard length, weight gain, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed conversion and survival rate were evaluated in females each 14 days. As for breeding performance, the analyzed parameters were: mean egg weight, egg diameter, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity and mean larval weight at hatching. For that, eggs were collected from oral cavity after mating for subsequent artificial incubation. In January 2011, offspring samples were collected and raised up to 30 days of age to evaluate growth parameters during sex reversal stage. A broodstock sample was dissected to measure visceral-somatic, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indexes. Water quality remained adequate to maintain this fish species, but temperature was lower than that recommended for broodstock. The tested food formulae influenced female growth (p<0.05) throughout the experimental period, as well as the visceral-somatic index in the selected month (p<0.05). In relation to reproductive features, the treatments had no effects on egg production (p>0.05). Nonetheless, energy levels affected relative fecundity (p<0.05) and protein levels influenced both egg and larval weight (p<0.05). No differences in the growth of offspring derived from broodstock fed on distinct formulae were detected (p>0.05). Thus, food formulae containing 28% of DP and 2,800 kcal of DE.kg of food -1 are indicated to Nile tilapia once they assure a higher egg production per gram of female without affecting offspring performance / O trabalho visou analisar o efeito entre os diferentes níveis de proteína (PD) e energia digestíveis (ED) sobre o crescimento, desempenho reprodutivo e qualidade da prole de fêmeas de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram avaliadas nove rações a partir da combinação entre três níveis de PD (28, 34 e 40%) e três níveis de ED (2.800, 3.400 e 4.000 kcal.kg ração-1) com três repetições. Os peixes foram acomodados em tanques-rede distribuídos em tanque escavado sob condições naturais. Diariamente verificou a temperatura e semanalmente o pH e oxigênio dissolvido. Os animais foram submetidos a um manejo reprodutivo com dez dias de descanso e quatro dias de acasalamento, com 3 fêmeas para 1 macho durante 260 dias (setembro de 2010 a abril de 2011). As fêmeas foram avaliadas, a cada 14 dias, quanto ao peso médio, comprimento padrão, ganho de peso, fator de condição, taxa de crescimento específico, conversão alimentar e sobrevivência. Quanto ao desempenho reprodutivo, verificaram-se os parâmetros de peso médio dos ovos, diâmetro dos ovos, fecundidade absoluta, fecundidade relativa e peso médio das larvas no momento da eclosão. Para isso, após o período de acasalamento, foi realizada coleta de ovos da cavidade bucal que foram submetidos a incubação artificial. No mês de janeiro de 2011, amostras da prole foram coletadas e mantidas em sistema de criação até os 30 dias, e verificados os parâmetros de crescimento durante a fase de reversão sexual. Uma amostra de matrizes foi dissecada para mensuração dos índices víscerossomático, hepatossomático e gonadossomático. A qualidade da água permaneceu dentro dos níveis ideais para a espécie, porém a temperatura manteve-se abaixo do recomendado para reprodutores. As rações testadas mostraram influência no crescimento das fêmeas (p<0,05) ao longo do período experimental, assim como para o índice viscerossomático no mês de coleta (p<0,05). Para os aspectos reprodutivos, as matrizes não apresentaram maior produção de ovos de acordo com os tratamentos (p>0,05). Porém, sofreram efeito dos níveis energéticos para fecundidade relativa (p<0,05) e dos níveis protéicos para peso dos ovos e das larvas no momento da eclosão (p<0,05). As proles provenientes dos reprodutores alimentados com as diferentes rações, não evidenciaram diferença no seu crescimento (p>0,05). Rações contendo 28% de PD e 2.800 kcal de ED.kg de ração-1 são indicadas para tilápia do Nilo para garantir maior produção de ovos por grama de fêmeas sem afetar o desempenho da prole