Es coneix com era post-genòmica els anys posteriors a la seqüenciació massiva dels genomes d'organismes i espècies superiors (entre elles la humana) i que ens permeten per primer cop, tenir una visió global dels mecanismes biològics que regulen la vida de cèl·lula. En aquests primers anys d'aquesta nova era, s'ha donat especial rellevància a la identificació i estudi funcional de motius de seqüència en el genoma, assumint la hipòtesi que la capa física (la molècula d'ADN) es un mer suport per a un codi que és interpretat per la cèl·lula. El treball exposat en aquesta memòria posa en relleu la importància del nivell físic de l'ADN (ja sigui en la molècula de doble hèlix o en estructures d'ordre superior), en tots els aspectes funcionals de la molècula. Els resultats exposats en les publicacions científiques que integren aquest treball es demostra la relació entre la estructura de l'ADN i les regions reguladores dels gens (els promotors). Es prova també la viabilitat de l'ús d'estructures no canòniques de l'ADN (com per exemple les triple hèlices) en teràpies anti-gèniques. Finalment es descriu la implementació d'una plataforma bioinformàtica que permet per primer cop, l'estudi dels factors fisicoquímics en escala genòmica. / The post-genomics era is known as the years before the massive sequencing of genomes (the human between others) and that allow us for the first time have a global vision of biological systems that regulates the cellular activity. The main studies of the first years of this new era prioritized the identification of sequence motives and the study of their functionality, assuming the hypothesis that the physical layer behind (the DNA molecule) is just a support for code that is interpreted by the cell.The work presented in this document highlight the relevance of the DNA physical layer (from the double helices to higher level structures and chromatin) in all the cellular aspects.The results of this thesis prove the relationship between DNA structure and gene regulatory regions (the promoters). The feasibility of using non-canonic DNA conformations (as DNA triple helices) in anti-gene therapies is also shown. Finally the implementation of a bioinformatics platform to study for the first time the physicochemical factors of DNA at genomics scale is described.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The study aimed to assess the level of adherence and to identify the barriers to adherence and the motivations for good adherence to antiretroviral therapy, amongst women who commenced treatment while pregnant at research clinics in Molepolole, Mochudi, Lobatse and Gaborone. / South Africa

<p>The study aimed to assess the level of adherence and to identify the barriers to adherence and the motivations for good adherence to antiretroviral therapy, amongst women who commenced treatment while pregnant at research clinics in Molepolole, Mochudi, Lobatse and Gaborone.</p>

二○○三年百老匯音樂劇CATS來台演出，造成一股不小的風潮，包括媒體效應、周邊商品的大量熱賣以及觀眾的人次等等都造成不小的話題，且，民國九十三年外國人來台演出的活動個數為878個，相較於民國八十三年的461個，十一年來亦成長了90%，可見國內仲介外國團體來台演出的表演藝術經紀公司，在這十一年來也是蓬勃發展。但是由於藝術推廣公司手邊的節目長年不斷，而國內表演團體畢竟相當有限，加上藝術推廣公司都進口了不少國外節目，這不免影響了國內表演團體的演出機會，有專家擔心國內表演團體難以匹敵國外節目。 因此本研究從國內藝文環境著手，探討表演藝術經紀公司對於國內表演藝術環境的影響，根據觀眾的成長，演出內容對國內團隊的影響，行銷模式的改變，幾個角度切入，深度探討表演藝術經紀公司的過去與未來，希望從研究中找出對於國內藝文環境的影響因素，並對表演藝術進入文化創意產業找到方法，進而使國內藝文環境獲得良好的發展條件。 為了了解國外節目對國內藝文生態的影響，本研究分別以內容分析法與深度訪談法分別進行量化與質化的分析，量化的部份以國內直轄市經常演出的六個表演場地90-94年的演出紀錄進行資料蒐集整理分析。包括台北國家戲劇院、國家音樂廳、國父紀念館、城市舞台、新舞台，以及高雄的至德堂。質化的部份以國內知名的專家學者以及重要藝術經紀公司負責人進行深度訪談，藉由專家的經驗檢驗表演藝術經紀公司對國內藝文環境的影響。 近五年來，國外節目場次最多的是音樂類節目，其次是舞蹈類，現代戲劇類每檔節目演出的場次最多，其次是傳統戲劇類；演出場地部份國父紀念館演出國外節目的比例最高，其次是國家戲劇院；表演場地自辦國外演出比例最高的是國家音樂廳，其次是新舞台；演出場次最多的是93年在城市舞台演出的「貓」劇共演出30場，演出座位數最多的是93年在國父紀念館演出的「真善美」座位數共有55,308個座位。 未來希望表演藝術經紀公司除了引進國外節目外也可以將國內團體推廣出去，而希望政府在法令政策上對於國內團體與國外團體能有一些區隔，也期許表演場地在管理上能更有效率，在政府、表演場地、民間經紀公司與國內表演團體的共同努力下，為台灣的表演藝術開創美好的未來。 關鍵字：表演藝術、表演藝術經紀、表演藝術仲介、兩廳院 / In 2003 the famous Broadway musical “CATS” came to Taiwan, generating high ticket sales and product merchandizing, gaining major media coverage and creating considerable discussion. In fact, a total of 878 international performances were staged in Taiwan in 2004; a 90 percent increase of the 461 foreign performances of 1994. This helped create a major growth industry in local Entertainment/Performance Booking Agencies specializing in the importing of international entertainment act into Taiwan. In fact, experts are concerned that the large number of overseas performances Agencies/Promoters have available to import into Taiwan is considerably higher than what can be produced locally. This could result in the local market being overwhelmed by international performances, greatly hurting the long-term competitiveness of Taiwan’s Cultural and Arts industry. 　　This research looks at Taiwanese Performance Arts Industry and the impact of Agencies/Promoters on Taiwan’s Culture and Arts environment. Methodology used is an evaluation of the Taiwan market, the impact of the content of foreign performances on Taiwanese groups and the ensuring changes to local promotional techniques. This paper will also look in detail at the past and future of Agencies/Promoters specializing on introducimg foreign cultural and arts entities and performances. It is the objective of this report to identify the impact of these entities on Taiwan’s Culture and Arts industry and propose a roadmap for the successful development Taiwan’s local Culture and Arts industry and its eventual development into a Creative Cultural Industry. 　　Method used for this research project is content analysis coupled with interviews to obtain qualitative and quantitative analysis. 　　Quantitative analysis consists of records collection and analysis of Taipei and Kaohsiung’s six major performance venues for 2001-2005. These six venues are: National Theater、National Concert Hall、National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall、Taipei City Stage、Novel Hall and Kaohsiung’s Chih-Teh Hall. 　　Qualitative analysis consists of interviews with Taiwanese scholars and key executives of Entertainment/Performance Booking Agencies. Through this methodology the author hopes to clarify the impact of Promotors on Taiwan’s Artistic environment. 　　Over the past five years, the most common foreign programs have been musicals followed by modern dance . The greatest number of performance have been staged by contemporary theater followed by traditional theater. The National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall had the highest percentage of foreign vs. local performances followed by the National Theater. The National Concert Hall sponsored in the highest percentage of overseas performances followed by The Novel Hall. The overseas performance with the longest stage run in Taiwan was the 2004 performance at the Taipei City Stage of “CATS” with 30 performances. The highest potential seats sold for a foreign program was the 55,308 sold for the 2004 performance of “The Sound of Music” at the National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. 　　It is hoped that in the future, Agencies/Promotors will not only introduce foreign programs but will facilitate the export of Taiwanese performing art program and entities to overseas audience. It is also hoped that the Taiwanese government will amend laws to differentiate between local performance . It is also hoped that there will be an improvement in the management of local venues resulting in more efficiencies. And through the joint efforts of the government, the venues, Entertainment/Performance Booking Agencies and local performance groups, Taiwan’s Arts and Cultural environment will see positive future growth. Key Terms: Performing Arts, Performing Arts Agents, Artist Management Companies, Performing Arts Promotors, CKS Cultural Center.

<p>The study aimed to assess the level of adherence and to identify the barriers to adherence and the motivations for good adherence to antiretroviral therapy, amongst women who commenced treatment while pregnant at research clinics in Molepolole, Mochudi, Lobatse and Gaborone.</p>

En el llevat Saccharomyces cerevisiae els canvis en les condicions osmòtiques del medi extracel.lular són sensades per la MAP cinasa Hog1, la qual permet dur a terme l'adaptació cel.lular mitjançant la modulació de l'expressió gènica, de la traducció i de la progressió del cicle cel.lular. A l'inici d'aquest projecte de tesi, els mecanismes pels quals Hog1 controla l'expressió gènica no eren del tot coneguts. El nostre objectiu va ser caracteritzar el mecanisme molecular pel qual Hog1 modula la transcripció en resposta a estrès osmòtic. Hem aconseguit demostrar que el reclutament de Hog1 als promotors sensibles a estrès osmòtic per part del factor de transcripció és essencial per al reclutament i activació de la RNA polimerasa II, mecanisme que podria estar conservat en les cèl.lules eucariotes. També hem identificat noves activitats remodeladores de cromatina implicades en la resposta gènica a osmoestrès mediada per Hog1. Vàrem realitzar un cribatge genètic per identificar mutacions que provoquessin osmosensibilitat i una reducció en l'expressió de gens de resposta a estrès osmòtic. Aquest cribatge ens va permetre identificar nous reguladors de la transcripció mediada per osmoestrès: la histona deacetilasa Rpd3 i els complexes SAGA i mediador. Els nostres resultats permeten, doncs, definir un important paper per a Rpd3, SAGA i mediador en la inducció gènica mediada per Hog1, i han estat importants per assolir una millor visió de com les cinases activades per estrès regulen la iniciació de la transcripció. / In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, changes in the extracellular osmotic conditions are sensed by the HOG MAPK pathway, which elicits the program for cell adaptation, including modulation of gene expression, translation and cell-cycle progression. At the beginning of this PhD Project, the mechanisms by which Hog1 was controlling gene transcription were not completely understood. Our main objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which the Hog1 MAPK modulates transcription upon osmostress. We have shown that anchoring of Hog1 to osmoresponsive promoters by the transcription factor is essential for recruitment and activation of RNA polymerase II, a mechanism that might be conserved among eukaryotic cells. In addition, we identified novel chromatin modifying and remodelling activities involved in the Hog1-mediated osmostress gene expression. We performed a genome-wide genetic screening searching for mutations that render cells osmosensitive and displayed reduced expression of osmoresponsive genes. Rpd3 histone deacetylase, SAGA and Mediator complexes were identified as novel regulators of osmostress-mediated transcription. Thus, our results define a major role for Rpd3, SAGA and Mediator in the Hog1-mediated osmostress gene induction, and have been important to achieve a better view of how a SAPK regulates transcription initiation.

Adhezní schopnosti gekona byly předmětem mnoha studií a inspirací pro vytvoření mnoha napodobenin. Tato práce navrhuje vlastní verzi umělých gekoních struktur ve tvaru mikroskopických pilířů, které by vykazovaly adhezní vlastnosti srovnatelné s tlapkou gekona. Vyrobeny byli struktury z polymeru Parylen C pomocí fotolitografie a technik na leptání křemíku. Dalším cílem bylo různými metodami pro modifikaci povrchu a charakterizaci vytvořených struktur, které určí adhezní síly těchto povrchů, před a po modifikacích.