This thesis study investigates the connection between design patterns, OO metrics and software error-proneness. The literature on OO metrics, design patterns and software error-proneness is reviewed. Different software projects and synthetic source codes have been analyzed to verify this connection.

Background Shame is a powerful emotion involved in a wide variety of phenomena including psychopathology. The propensity to react with shame to situations of transgression is formed early in life, but the processes by which elevated shame-proneness causes higher levels of psychological distress and functional impairment in some people rather than in others is as yet poorly understood. Objectives The main objective of this thesis was to further elucidate these processes by investigating the implications for shame states, guilt, general coping strategies, attachment styles, and shame-related coping in this context, as well as to evaluate an assessment method for shame-proneness. Methods The self-report questionnaires Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA), Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS-5), Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), and an interview measure for event-related shame and guilt were used for assessment in adult normative, healthy-only, crime victim, and patient samples (n=25-361). A combination of uni- and bivariate approaches and multivariate soft and hard modeling approaches were used for statistical analysis. Results Paper I showed that the TOSCA could be used as a reliable measure for shame-proneness. Paper II showed that guilt was unrelated to post-victimization distress. Elevated shame-proneness was related to higher levels of post-victimization distress. This effect was partially mediated by event-related shame. Paper III showed that in CFS patients, higher levels of shame-proneness, escape-avoidance, and accepting responsibility coping contributed to elevated levels of psychological distress. Seeking support, positive reappraisal coping, and proneness to detachment contributed in the opposite direction. These relationships were weaker in the comparison groups. Paper IV showed that shame-proneness was associated with secure attachment style in a negative direction. Higher levels of secure attachment style contributed to lower levels of psychological distress, whereas shame-proneness, insecure attachment styles and withdrawal, attack self, and attack other shame coping strategies contributed in the opposite direction. There were mean differences between women and men regarding most of the variables, butiithe relationships between variables did not differ between men and women. Conclusions The association between shame-proneness and psycho-logical distress seem to involve a complex balancing act between motives toward preserving close relationships and protecting a relatively positive sense of self. If others are perceived as trustworthy and compassionate and are utilized for support in times of need, the effects of shame-proneness may be less debilitating, whereas if others are perceived as distancing or disapproving, and life stress and social transgressions are managed by escape strategies, social withdrawal, self-blame or by transferring blame onto others, the distress effects become more severe. The inner psychodynamics of these functional patterns seem to be rather similar in women and men.

<p>Fantasy prone individuals spend much of their time fantasizing, focusing on a rich internal world of imaginary people or stories, vivid memories, or dreams. Fantasy proneness has been linked to psychological distress and psychiatric disorders. However, few experimental studies have been conducted with fantasy prone individuals; therefore, little is known about the behavioral correlates of fantasy proneness. The current study investigated associations between self-reported fantasy proneness, as measured by a frequently used questionnaire, the CEQ, and behavior during a laboratory task of attention, the SART. A potential mood regulating function of fantasy also was explored. Results of the study support the assertion that fantasy proneness is associated with variations in behavior that can be observed in the context of the laboratory. Specifically, fantasy proneness correlated with fewer instances of on-task thought and more frequent instances of mind wandering without meta-awareness during the attention task. It also correlated with more task errors and higher levels of self-reported fantasy thought during the task (though not with higher levels of other types of off-task thought). Finally, fantasy thought was found to have a protective effect on positive affect during the mundane task. There was no relationship between fantasy thought and negative affect.</p> / Dissertation

Nostalgia in consumer behavior is shown to be effective. Every generation has their own views of nostalgia. Their ability, proneness and intensity to process nostalgia is different for each generation. The Chinese one-child generation in terms of their special growth environment and characteristics was chosen as the object of study. The thesis begins with the model of nostalgic consumption. The model includes the indirect factors towards nostalgia proneness, the direct factors towards nostalgia intensity and the consumption of nostalgic products. Two qualitative methods were used to collect data, which are the focus group and the individual interview. Two nostalgic brands, one Finnish brand Nokia and a Chinese brand Arctic Ocean Soda (AOS) were used to encourage the discussion of the focus group. There are some surprised results came from the focus group and the following individual interview. These results helped to refine the model. Finally, some suggestions were given to Nokia and AOS companies about how to attract Chinese one-child generation.

Who is the nostalgia-prone person? The 'sociality view' sees an individual who frequently recalls meaningful memories rich in social content. The 'maladaptation view' sees an emotionally unstable, neurotic individual. In four studies, we integrated these contrasting views. We hypothesized that the link between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness arises because (a) neuroticism is associated with the need to belong and (b) the need to belong triggers nostalgia, with its abundant social content. Consistent with this hypothesis, Studies 1-2 found that the correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness was eliminated when controlling for the need to belong. The need to belong predicted increased nostalgia proneness, above and beyond neuroticism. Specifically, Study 2 revealed that a deficit-reduction (rather than growth) belongingness orientation predicted increased nostalgia proneness. When the role of this deficit-reduction belongingness orientation was controlled, the positive correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia disappeared. Studies 3-4 showed that experimental inductions of a belongingness deficit augmented nostalgia, providing support for its compensatory role.

Who is the nostalgia-prone person? The 'sociality view' sees an individual who frequently recalls meaningful memories rich in social content. The 'maladaptation view' sees an emotionally unstable, neurotic individual. In four studies, we integrated these contrasting views. We hypothesized that the link between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness arises because (a) neuroticism is associated with the need to belong and (b) the need to belong triggers nostalgia, with its abundant social content. Consistent with this hypothesis, Studies 1-2 found that the correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness was eliminated when controlling for the need to belong. The need to belong predicted increased nostalgia proneness, above and beyond neuroticism. Specifically, Study 2 revealed that a deficit-reduction (rather than growth) belongingness orientation predicted increased nostalgia proneness. When the role of this deficit-reduction belongingness orientation was controlled, the positive correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia disappeared. Studies 3-4 showed that experimental inductions of a belongingness deficit augmented nostalgia, providing support for its compensatory role.

It is the purpose of this study to determine the relationship between personality and accident-proneness in a group of pupils in the North Dallas High School.

[pt] A presente dissertação traz uma reflexão sobre a relação entre as representações sociais construídas a respeito do crime e da periculosidade na tentativa de apreender se tais representações implicam no conjunto de práticas dos profissionais do campo médico-legal. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, buscou conhecer como vem se desenvolvendo a prática dos profissionais que atuam no campo psiquiátrico-penal. Com o apoio do marco teórico das Representações Sociais, utilizando a abordagem formulada por Moscovici, procurou-se compreender a realidade dos Hospitais de Custódia e a condição da população feminina, chamando a atenção para o papel destes hospitais no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. A análise realizada evidenciou opiniões diferentes e divergentes entre os peritos e a equipe multidisciplinar, sobre a representação da periculosidade. Quanto à representação do crime foram identificados pontos em comum em ambos os grupos especialmente no que diz respeito ao homicídio que os levam a observar as circunstâncias em que o mesmo ocorreu, se envolveu planejamento e/ou se foi praticado com requinte de crueldade. / [en] This present dissertation brings forward a reflection about the connection between the social representations built regarding crime and the proneness to commit crime in the attempt to apprehend if those representations implicate in the compound of practices carried on by professionals in the medical- legal field . This research, of quantitative purpose, has sought to know how the practice of professionals in the psychiatric-penal field has developed. Having the theoretical mark of Social Representations as support, and utilizing Moscovici´s approach, it has sought to understand the reality of Hospitals who take patients who are in criminal custody and the condition of the female population, calling out the attention to the role of these hospitals in the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reformation. The analysis undertaken has shown different and divergent opinions among experts and the multidisciplinary team, about the presentation of proneness to commit crimes. As for crime representation, some common subjects have been identified in both groups, specially on what relates to homicide and leads them to observe the circumstances in which it occurred, if it involved planning and/if it was practiced with daintiness cruelty.

Background. The reported link between psychological trauma and onset of psychosis remains controversial. Aims. To examine associations between self-reported psychological trauma and psychotic symptoms as a function of prior evidence of vulnerability to psychosis (psychosis proneness). Method. At baseline, 2524 adolescents aged 14-24 years provided self-reports on psychological trauma and psychosis proneness, and at follow-up (on average 42 months later) participants were interviewed for presence of psychotic symptoms. Results. Self-reported trauma was associated with psychotic symptoms, in particular at more severe levels (adjusted OR1.89,95% CI1.16-3.08) and following trauma associated with intense fear, helplessness or horror. The risk difference between those with and without self-reported trauma at baseline was 7% in the group with baseline psychosis proneness, but only 1.8% in those without (adjusted test for difference between these two effect sizes: χ2=4.6, P=0.032). Conclusions. Exposure to psychological trauma may increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in people vulnerable to psychosis.

Software reuse is a powerful tool in order to reduce development and maintenance time and cost. Any software life cycle product can be reused, not only fragments of source code. A high degree of reuse correlates with a low defect density. In the literature, many theoretical and empirical researches have examined the relationship of software reuse and quality. In this thesis, the effects of reuse on software quality are investigated in an industrial setting. Throughout this study, we worked with Turkey&rsquo / s leading defense industry company: Aselsan&rsquo / s software engineering department. We aimed to explore their real-life software projects and interpret reuse and quality relations for their projects. With this intention, we defined four different hypotheses to determine reuse and quality relations / and in order to confirm these hypotheses / we designed three separate case studies. In these case studies, we collected and calculated reuse and quality metrics i.e. Object-oriented quality metrics, reuse rates and performance measures of individual modules, fault-proneness of software components, and productivity rates of different products. Finally, by analyzing these measurements, we developed suggestions to further benefit from reuse in Aselsan through systematic improvements to the reuse infrastructure and process. Similar case studies have been reported in the literature, however, in Turkey, there are not many case studies using real-life project data, particularly in the defense industry.