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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Examining Meditation Practices Among Research Administrators

January 2020 (has links)
abstract: Research administrators (RAs) are integral to universities and corporations as the first point of contact for faculty in research proposal submissions. RAs are also the intermediary between the university or the institution and the office sponsoring the project. The multiple demands placed upon RAs could potentially lead to burnout. The objective of this mixed-methods action research study was to understand better how incorporating mindfulness practices (e.g., breathing exercises, meditation) may allow RAs to manage or potentially eliminate burnout. Participants learned about mindfulness through a smartphone meditation application, which also shared various coaching techniques for reducing stress in their work-life. Results obtained from the quantitative and qualitative pre- and post-intervention data showed RAs might benefit from managing daily work life by incorporating mindfulness practices. While many were aware of the concept of mindfulness and university trainings, they expressed their demanding work environment is continually changing, and a solution in reducing burnout may need to be continuously redefined. The understanding gained from this action research study is RAs can benefit from mindfulness tools and techniques. Furthermore, other colleges or institutions with pre-award research administrators may benefit from how to aid in lowering burnout in their daily work environments. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2020
12

African countries and the World Trade Organisation dispute settlement mechanism : underlying constraints, concerns and proposals for reform

Muheki, Stella 04 October 2010 (has links)
At the inception of the World trade organization (WTO) in 1995, the organization's provisions for a formal dispute settlement mechanism under the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) stood out as state of the “art”, “crown” and “jewels” of the WTO. Fifteen years later on, an assessment of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)’s judicial records shows that the system has indeed reduced the role of international diplomacy, while strengthening the rule of law in dispute settlement. The WTO-DSU’s independent Appellate Body, strict deadlines within which to settle disputes and binding panel recommendations certainly supersede the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) dispute settlement system. To date, 400 disputes have been lodged before the Dispute Settlement Body leading to establishment of over 140 panels and adoption of 218 panel/Appellate Body reports. However, what these statistics fail to show is the fact that the DSM is dominated by leading industrialized countries, notably the European Communities and the United States, at the expense of developing countries. The European communities and the United States in particular are said to be employing the DSU to achieve their aspirations in international trade. This arises from their retaliatory capacity to threaten weaker respondents from pursuing disputes against them among other reasons. It follows that despite of the uniqueness and widely recognized efficacy, the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism has largely failed to address the needs of developing/ least developed countries, especially in Africa. The system’s lack of meaningful remedies, lack of transparency and general insensitivity to the development concerns of African countries have worked to alienate African states from the dispute settlement process. The said shortcomings in the pattern and structure of the DSU have also been noted from all corners of WTO membership including the original architects of the System like India, Brazil and Australia. In light of the above, this research paper analyzes the process of dispute settlement at the WTO, with special emphasis on the nature of remedies available to parties under the DSU. The research identifies pertinent areas for reform in the DSU and the DSB as a whole. The research arrives at practical measures/alternatives that African countries could adopt in order to enhance participation in dispute settlement at the WTO. The research points out that WTO law is tailored through interpretation of covered agreements and precedents and that participation in the WTO dispute settlement system is therefore crucial to the shaping of WTO law in the long run. In the end, African countries (forming a large percentage of WTO Membership) have not made use of the dispute settlement mechanism despite their trade being affected by the protectionist trade policies of their developed counterparts. If the majority of WTO membership cannot access the DSM, then the WTO objective of enhancing security and predictability of the multilateral trading system remains fictitious. This research therefore adds to the voice of many that the amendment of the DSU is long overdue. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted
13

A Didática do professor de geografia: caso da cidade de São Paulo / The didactic of teacher of geography: São Paulo city case

Lima, Maria das Graças de 10 October 2001 (has links)
O estudo aqui sistematizado apresenta uma explicação para os problemas presentes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do ensino escolar de geografia na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa bibliográfica abrangeu a produção educacional acerca das Reformas sugeridas pelo sistema nacional; a produção referente às propostas pedagógicas e curriculares sugeridas pelo sistema estadual de ensino de São Paulo; e a produção, considerada clássica para a geografia brasileira, concernente ao período de Institucionalização do ensino no estado de São Paulo fins do século XIX e decorrer do século XX. Esta análise, somada à pesquisa realizada junto aos professores (questionário e entrevistas abertas 1999 2000), possibilitou uma interação para os problemas encontrados com o ensino dessa disciplina escolar. A análise por nós realizada sobre os documentos base das reformas indicou uma séria limitação quanto às questões didáticas, levando à necessidade do aprofundamento quanto a institucionalização do ensino no estado de São Pulo, referência adquirida com a leitura de clássicos da geografia. A organização precursora experimentada pelo sistema paulista de ensino, advinda das necessidades impostas pelo desenvolvimento econômico, concentraram-se principalmente nas condições necessárias para este processo (experiências didáticas, adoção de métodos de ensinos modernos, implementação de propostas curriculares). Este deslocamento para o sistema estadual evidenciou que as medidas tomadas para sua organização haviam contribuído e, influenciado, sobremaneira, a proposta sugeridas pelo sistema nacional. Evidenciavam também os reflexos dos embates políticos travados entre educadores, cujas posições políticas eram antagônicas. A pesquisa realizada sobre a formação e atuação dos professores de geografia da cidade de São Paulo (ensino fundamental e médio), permitiu reconhecer e compreender sua prática como reflexo da história de organização do sistema de ensino, tanto estadual quanto federal. A realização da análise bibliográfica e a pesquisa realizada junto aos professores evidenciaram que, partindo do conhecimento pedagógico, os problemas resultaram da não vinculação direta entre o sistema de ensino e a realidade brasileira. E no que diz respeito ao conhecimento da geografia, os problemas encontrados resultam, entre outras coisas, da ausência de pesquisas sobre as relações possíveis entre o conhecimento didático e a utilização dos instrumentais técnicos acumulados pela área. As informações levantadas junto aos professores, comprovam a ausência da preocupação com o conhecimento didáticos nas propostas sugeridas pelos órgãos oficiais, porém, evidenciaram também uma peculiaridade, a de que parte destes professores demonstram preocupação com o conhecimento didático. Esta peculiaridade sinaliza um caminho possível para os problemas encontrados com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, indicando também a urgência de reflexões pautadas pelas questões didáticas e não apenas pedagógicas do ensino escolar / This paper presents an explanation to the problems found in the teaching-learning process of Geography in São Paulo city`s schools. The bibliographical research included the educational production on the Reforms suggested by country system, the production on the pedagogical and course propasals suggested by the São Paulo states teaching system; and the production, so-called classical to the Brazilian Geography, regarding the institution period of its teaching in São Paulo state ending of the XIX Century and alapsing of the XX Century. This analyses plus the surveys carried out with the teachers (questionnaires and open interviews 1999/2000), made possible an interpretation to the problems found on this school subject teaching. Theanalyses made about the Reforms base documents, indicated a worrying limitation on the didactic questions, leading to the need of depth regarding the teaching institution in São Paulo state, reference acquired by reading the classics on Geography. The precursory organization experienced by the paulista system of teaching resulting from the needs imposed by the economical development, concentrated mainly on the necessary conditions for this process (didactics experiments, adoption of modern methods of teaching, course proposals accomplishment). This displacement to the state system demonstrated that the measures taken for its organization would have excessively contributed and influenced the proposals suggested by the country system. Demonstrated also the reflexes of the political collisions engaged by professors which positions were opposing. The research carried out about the Geography teacher`s formation and performance in São Paulo city (primary and high school systems) has permitted to recognize and understand their practice as the organization history reflex of both state and national teaching system. The bibliographical analyses doing and the survey carried out with the teachers, demonstrated that, airsing from the pedagogical knowledge, the problems result from the nondirect entailment between the teaching system and the Brazilian reality. And concerning the Geography knowledge, the foud problems result from the lack of researches about the possible relation between the didactic knowledge and the utilization of technical tools gathered by the area. The information arisen from the teachers, proved the lack of concerning on the didactic knowledge with the suggested proposals by the official offices, but, demonstrated also a peculiarity, that part of these teacher chow they are concerned about didactic knowledge. This peculiarity signals a possible answer to the problems found on Geography teaching-learning process, indicating also the urgency of reflection based on didactic questions and not only on the school system pedagogical ones
14

A Didática do professor de geografia: caso da cidade de São Paulo / The didactic of teacher of geography: São Paulo city case

Maria das Graças de Lima 10 October 2001 (has links)
O estudo aqui sistematizado apresenta uma explicação para os problemas presentes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do ensino escolar de geografia na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa bibliográfica abrangeu a produção educacional acerca das Reformas sugeridas pelo sistema nacional; a produção referente às propostas pedagógicas e curriculares sugeridas pelo sistema estadual de ensino de São Paulo; e a produção, considerada clássica para a geografia brasileira, concernente ao período de Institucionalização do ensino no estado de São Paulo fins do século XIX e decorrer do século XX. Esta análise, somada à pesquisa realizada junto aos professores (questionário e entrevistas abertas 1999 2000), possibilitou uma interação para os problemas encontrados com o ensino dessa disciplina escolar. A análise por nós realizada sobre os documentos base das reformas indicou uma séria limitação quanto às questões didáticas, levando à necessidade do aprofundamento quanto a institucionalização do ensino no estado de São Pulo, referência adquirida com a leitura de clássicos da geografia. A organização precursora experimentada pelo sistema paulista de ensino, advinda das necessidades impostas pelo desenvolvimento econômico, concentraram-se principalmente nas condições necessárias para este processo (experiências didáticas, adoção de métodos de ensinos modernos, implementação de propostas curriculares). Este deslocamento para o sistema estadual evidenciou que as medidas tomadas para sua organização haviam contribuído e, influenciado, sobremaneira, a proposta sugeridas pelo sistema nacional. Evidenciavam também os reflexos dos embates políticos travados entre educadores, cujas posições políticas eram antagônicas. A pesquisa realizada sobre a formação e atuação dos professores de geografia da cidade de São Paulo (ensino fundamental e médio), permitiu reconhecer e compreender sua prática como reflexo da história de organização do sistema de ensino, tanto estadual quanto federal. A realização da análise bibliográfica e a pesquisa realizada junto aos professores evidenciaram que, partindo do conhecimento pedagógico, os problemas resultaram da não vinculação direta entre o sistema de ensino e a realidade brasileira. E no que diz respeito ao conhecimento da geografia, os problemas encontrados resultam, entre outras coisas, da ausência de pesquisas sobre as relações possíveis entre o conhecimento didático e a utilização dos instrumentais técnicos acumulados pela área. As informações levantadas junto aos professores, comprovam a ausência da preocupação com o conhecimento didáticos nas propostas sugeridas pelos órgãos oficiais, porém, evidenciaram também uma peculiaridade, a de que parte destes professores demonstram preocupação com o conhecimento didático. Esta peculiaridade sinaliza um caminho possível para os problemas encontrados com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, indicando também a urgência de reflexões pautadas pelas questões didáticas e não apenas pedagógicas do ensino escolar / This paper presents an explanation to the problems found in the teaching-learning process of Geography in São Paulo city`s schools. The bibliographical research included the educational production on the Reforms suggested by country system, the production on the pedagogical and course propasals suggested by the São Paulo states teaching system; and the production, so-called classical to the Brazilian Geography, regarding the institution period of its teaching in São Paulo state ending of the XIX Century and alapsing of the XX Century. This analyses plus the surveys carried out with the teachers (questionnaires and open interviews 1999/2000), made possible an interpretation to the problems found on this school subject teaching. Theanalyses made about the Reforms base documents, indicated a worrying limitation on the didactic questions, leading to the need of depth regarding the teaching institution in São Paulo state, reference acquired by reading the classics on Geography. The precursory organization experienced by the paulista system of teaching resulting from the needs imposed by the economical development, concentrated mainly on the necessary conditions for this process (didactics experiments, adoption of modern methods of teaching, course proposals accomplishment). This displacement to the state system demonstrated that the measures taken for its organization would have excessively contributed and influenced the proposals suggested by the country system. Demonstrated also the reflexes of the political collisions engaged by professors which positions were opposing. The research carried out about the Geography teacher`s formation and performance in São Paulo city (primary and high school systems) has permitted to recognize and understand their practice as the organization history reflex of both state and national teaching system. The bibliographical analyses doing and the survey carried out with the teachers, demonstrated that, airsing from the pedagogical knowledge, the problems result from the nondirect entailment between the teaching system and the Brazilian reality. And concerning the Geography knowledge, the foud problems result from the lack of researches about the possible relation between the didactic knowledge and the utilization of technical tools gathered by the area. The information arisen from the teachers, proved the lack of concerning on the didactic knowledge with the suggested proposals by the official offices, but, demonstrated also a peculiarity, that part of these teacher chow they are concerned about didactic knowledge. This peculiarity signals a possible answer to the problems found on Geography teaching-learning process, indicating also the urgency of reflection based on didactic questions and not only on the school system pedagogical ones
15

Regeringens krav på hållbarhetsrapportering : En studie av hur företag inom kläd- och bankbranschen kan påverkas. / Government's requirements for sustainability reporting - A study of how companies within the clothing and the banking industry may be affected.

Salevik, Karin, Savuran, Demet January 2016 (has links)
I december 2016 kommer en ny lag förmodligen att träda i kraft i Sverige som innehåller krav på att företag ska upprätta en hållbarhetsredovisning. Enligt lagförslaget kommer stora företag och företag av allmänt intresse att bli tvungna att rapportera om deras arbete kring miljö- och sociala frågor samt antikorruption. Rapporteringen måste ge information om vissa förutbestämda kriterier av lagen, såsom affärsmodell, policy, resultat av policy, väsentliga risker och hur dessa hanteras och andra relevanta icke-finansiella faktorer.Tidigare forskning visar att obligatorisk hållbarhetsredovisning inte hade den effekt som var förväntad då den abstrakta formuleringen gav företagen möjlighet att göra egna tolkningar av lagen. Tidigare forskning visar också att företag inom klädbranschen lämnar mer omfattande upplysningar än banker, speciellt vad gäller deras arbete kopplat till miljö och de sociala förhållandena i deras produktionsenheter. Banker rapporterar istället mer omfattande om sociala frågor kopplade till samhället. Vissa forskare hävdar att det fortfarande finns brister i sättet att redovisa hållbarhet inom alla branscher.Syftet med vår studie har varit att diskutera vilka konsekvenser den nya lagen kan komma att få för stora företag och dess hållbarhetsrapporter. Vi har jämfört innehållet av sex företags hållbarhetsredovisningar, tre i klädbranschen och tre i bankbranschen, gentemot lagförslagets krav på vad som ska ingå. Vidare har vi även analyserat huruvida det fanns en skillnad i sättet att rapportera mellan dessa branscher. Vi har genomfört en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av hållbarhetsredovisningar i företag som uppfyller lagförslagets kriterier på stora företag eller företag av allmänt intresse. Vår studie visade att även om företag rapporterade om alla områden som lagförslaget kräver, så gav inte rapporterna fulländad information om de speciella kriterier som krävs enligt lagförslaget. Företagens rapporter gav mycket information om hantering av risker och deras affärsmodell, men inte tillräckligt med upplysningar om deras väsentliga risker eller resultat av deras hållbarhetspolicyer. En anledning till detta kan vara att företagen inte vill rapportera om sådant som kan skada deras image. Vår studie visar också att omfattningen av företagens rapportering om de olika områdena skiljer sig beroende på bransch. Företagen i klädbranschen rapporterade utförligt om miljö- och sociala frågor men väldigt lite om antikorruption och personal. Banker rapporterade om alla områden som lagförslaget nämner, speciellt om personal, antikorruption och delar av sociala förhållanden och miljö. Överlag rapporterade bankerna mer generellt medan klädföretagen hade en mer detaljerad rapportering, speciellt vad gäller deras miljöarbete.Att implementera kraven från lagförslaget kommer att innebära ökade kostnader i form av både tid och pengar för företagen i vår studie. Båda branscherna kommer att behöva förbättra deras rapportering om risker och resultat av policy. Klädföretagen kommer att behöva komplettera deras rapportering om personalfrågor och antikorruption medan bankerna kommer att behöva konkretisera deras rapportering överlag. En stor risk med formuleringen av det aktuella lagförslaget är att företagen kan hitta kryphål för att göra sina egna tolkningar av den, vilket försvagar de förväntade effekterna av lagen. / In June 2016, a new law requiring companies to report on sustainability is likely to come into force in Sweden. According to the bill, large and public-interest companies are required to report their efforts on environmental issues, social issues and anti-corruption. The reporting need to include criteria predetermined by the law, such as business model, policies, results of such policies, main risks and how they are managed and other relevant non-financial factors.Previous research shows that mandatory sustainability reporting didn´t have the expected effect. Abstract law formulations gave the companies the opportunity to make their own interpretations of the law. Previous studies also show that companies working in the clothing industry provide more comprehensive information than banks, especially on their efforts connected to the environment and to the social conditions in their manufacturing units. Banks, on the other hand, report more extensively on social issues connected to society. Some scientists argue that there are still weaknesses in the way of reporting corporate sustainability across all industries.The aim of our study was to discuss the impact that such law might have for large companies and their sustainability reports. We compared the content of the corporate sustainability reports of six companies, three in the clothing industry and three in the banking sector, to what the current bill requires. In addition, we analyzed whether there was a difference in the way of reporting used by these two industries. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of the sustainability reports of companies that fulfill the bill´s criteria for large companies or public-interest entities. Our study showed that even though the selected companies reported on all the areas required by the bill, their reports didn´t give all the information specifically required by the bill. The reports described the companies' business model and risk management but they did not give enough information about the main risks or the result of their sustainability policies. One reason for this may be that companies don’t want to report information that may damage their image. Our study also showed that the degree, to which the companies reported in each area, differed depending on the industry. Companies in the clothing industry provided extensive information about environmental and social efforts but very little information about anti-corruption and employee policies. Banks reported in all areas mentioned by the law, particularly within employee related issues, anti-corruption and parts of their social and environmental efforts. As a whole, banks reported in a more general manner while clothing companies had more detailed reporting, especially on their environmental efforts. To implement the requirements of the law will mean costs in terms of time and money for the companies in our study. Both industries will need to improve their reporting of main risks and result of their sustainability policies. The clothing companies will need to complete their reporting within employee relations and anti-corruption, while the banks will need to be more detailed in the overall reporting. A major risk with the current law formulation is that companies can find loopholes to make their own interpretations of it, weakening the expected effects of the law.This paper is written in Swedish.
16

Att öka attraktiviteten genomförnyelse av offentliga rum : -En fallstudie om Råslätt centrum, Jönköping / To increase attractiveness through renewal ofpublic spaces : -A case study of the centre of Råslätt, Jönköping

Sarii, Nora, Karlsson, Anna January 2016 (has links)
Purpose: Råslätt is a residential neighborhood that is part of the Swedish “million homeprogram” (1965-1975). The area consists almost entirely of rental apartments inprefabricated concrete buildings of 6-8 floors. Unemployment rates are high and thearea is also highly segregated. Because of this, Råslätt has a bad reputation.The goal of this study is to examine the parameters of the physical, public space thatcan contribute to a more attractive residential area and based on the findings design aproposal that will be presented by sketches and a picture. Method: The methods used are primarily document analysis and observations. Inaddition, an interview with a professional area manager has been implemented. Thefinal sketch has been made with 3D-modeling software. Findings: The area's center buildings have been analyzed using various theories andfrom these concluded a number of parameters that are important for this residential areato be attractive. Using these parameters, a proposal has been designed with 3Dmodelingsoftware and presented as overview maps and a picture of how the area couldlook like. Implications: Through a proposal of changes in the physical planning, theattractiveness of the area and the social mix could be improved. Improvements thatcould enhance the attractiveness have been developed and are as follows: more sittingpossibilities, better accessibility, more interesting architecture, larger focus onaesthetics, more planned green space in the center, attractive new housing in the citycenter, to better link the different ground levels and an increased number of focus pointsfor visual experiences.For further research in the area, it could be interesting to investigate what is alreadybeing done in new construction projects to avoid problems that “the million homeprogram” resulted in, and to come up with further proposals on how to improve thework at the new projects. It could also be interesting to examine the redevelopmentproposals based upon economic and ecological sustainability. Limitations: The focus has been at the center of the buildings due to our basic theorythat it is possible to improve the attractiveness of the area by only focusing on publicspace. This is also to avoid the negative effects of a rising social status in a residentialarea (gentrification) whenever possible. Economic aspects have also been disregardedin this report. / Syfte: Råslätt är ett bostadsområde som ingår i det svenska miljonprogrammet.Området består nästan uteslutande av hyresrätter i prefabricerade betonghus med 6-8våningar. Arbetslösheten är utbredd och det är mycket segregerat i området. Områdethar även dåligt rykte på grund av detta.Målet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka vilka parametrar i den fysiska,offentliga miljön som kan bidra till ett mer attraktivt bostadsområde och utefter dessautforma ett förslag som redovisas med skisser och en bild. Metod: De metoder som använts är i första hand dokumentanalys och observationer.Dessutom har en intervju med en yrkesverksam förvaltare och områdeschefgenomförts. Den avslutande skissen har sedan gjorts i ett 3D-modelleringsprogram. Resultat: Områdets centrumbebyggelse har analyserats med hjälp av olika teorier ochpå det sättet har man kommit fram till ett antal parametrar som är viktiga för attbostadsområdet ska vara attraktivt. Med hjälp av dessa parametrar har ett förslagutformats i ett 3D-modelleringsprogram och redovisats som översiktskartor och en bildpå hur området skulle kunna se ut. Konsekvenser: Genom ett förslag på förändringar i den fysiska planeringen kanområdets attraktivitet och den sociala blandningen förbättras. De konkreta förslagensom skulle kunna förbättra attraktiviteten har tagits fram är: Fler sittplatser, bättretillgänglighet, intressantare arkitektur, mer fokus på estetik, fler planerade grönytor icentrum, nya attraktiva bostäder i centrum, större koppling mellan olika marknivåer ochfler fokuspunkter för visuella upplevelser.För att forska vidare i ämnesområdet skulle det kunna vara intressant att utreda vad somredan görs vid nyproduktion för att undvika de problem som miljonprogrammetmedförde samt att komma med ytterligare förslag på hur man kan förbättra arbetet vidnybyggnation. Det skulle även kunna vara intressant att undersöka ettombyggnadsförslag utifrån ekonomiska och ekologiska hållbarhetsaspekter. Begränsningar: Fokus har legat på centrumbebyggelsen på grund av att vårgrundläggande tes är att det går att förbättra attraktiviteten i ett område genom att barafokusera på det offentliga rummet. Detta också för att undvika de negativa effekternaav den sociala statushöjningen av ett bostadsområde (gentrifiering) i största möjligamån. Ekonomiska aspekter har även bortsetts ifrån i den här rapporten.
17

A diversidade do conhecimento sobre o céu e o ensino de astronomia: propostas didáticas e potencialidades da astronomia cultural / The diversity of knowledge about the sky and astronomy education: didactic proposals and potential of cultural astronomy

Rodrigues, Marta de Souza 03 December 2015 (has links)
A presente pesquisa analisou materiais e propostas didáticas sobre o tema da astronomia cultural, tendo em vista sua inserção no ensino de tópicos de Física e Ciências na educação básica. A astronomia cultural pode ser tomada como o estudo das relações entre os saberes produzidos sobre o céu e as dinâmicas socioculturais de um dado grupo. A existência de uma grande multiplicidade de culturas indica a possibilidade de inúmeras formas de se relacionar com os elementos celestes. Tal diversidade pouco ou raramente é explorada, sendo um dos objetos desta pesquisa evidenciar que as discussões desta temática podem ser potencialmente interessantes para trabalhar em sala de aula a questão do respeito à diversidade cultural, apresentando aos estudantes outras lógicas de pensamento, distintas das referências da cultura ocidental. Foram realizadas revisões bibliográficas a fim de construir um panorama da produção dos pesquisadores da área de ensino de ciências junto aos temas do multiculturalismo e da astronomia cultural. Este procedimento favoreceu o contato com materiais e propostas didáticas que foram selecionadas para comporem o conjunto de dados a ser trabalhado. Com base na metodologia da análise de conteúdo, doze documentos que abordaram a astronomia cultural de maneira articulada ao contexto da sala de aula foram analisados, investigando-se três dimensões de análise. Os questionamentos realizados se relacionam aos seguintes aspectos: principais temas abordados pelos materiais; tipos de perspectivas voltadas ao multiculturalismo e à noção de cultura; o papel de medidas legislativas, a exemplo da Lei Federal nº 11.645/08, no aumento da produção de materiais abordando a astronomia cultural. Dentre os resultados da análise, verificou-se que os temas com maior frequência estão relacionados a narrativas sobre o funcionamento do universo e aos asterismos (ou constelações) de algumas etnias indígenas, sendo pouco recorrente o trabalho aprofundado com variadas estruturas de pensamento ou outras visões de mundo distintas da cultura ocidental. Sobre a abordagem ao multiculturalismo, houve uma polarização entre um viés diferencialista, que valoriza as diferenças particulares dos grupos, e uma postura intercultural, com ênfase no diálogo. Almeja-se que o trabalho possa contribuir para evidenciar algumas das potencialidades do ensino de astronomia cultural na educação básica, ao inserir discussões voltadas a diversidade cultural a fim de formar indivíduos que estejam menos centrados nas práticas de seu próprio grupo e mais abertos ao intercâmbio entre culturas e saberes distintos. / The present research examined materials and didactic proposals on the topic of cultural astronomy, with a view to their inclusion in the teaching of physics and science topics in basic education. Cultural astronomy can be taken as the study of the relationship between knowledge produced about sky and socio-cultural dynamics of a given group. The existence of a great variety of cultures indicates the possibility of numerous ways to relate to the elements of the sky. Such little diversity or is rarely explored, being one of the objects of this research show that discussions of this theme can be potentially interesting to work in the classroom the issue of respect for cultural diversity, showing other students thought logic, other than the reference of Western culture. Bibliographical reviews were carried out in order to build a panorama of the production of the researchers of science teaching with the themes of multiculturalism and cultural astronomy. This procedure favored contact with didactic materials and proposals that have been selected to compose the set of data to be worked. Based on content analysis methodology, twelve documents that addressed cultural Astronomy of articulated way to the context of the classroom were analyzed investigating three dimensions of analysis. The questions made relate to the following aspects: main themes addressed by the materials; types of prospects aimed at multiculturalism and the concept of culture; the role of legislative measures, such as the Federal Law no. 11,645, increasing production of materials addressing the cultural astronomy. One of the results of the analysis, it was found that the subjects most often are related to narratives about the workings of the universe and the asterisms (or constellations) of some indigenous ethnic groups, being little in-depth work with recurrent varied structures of thoughts or other worldviews. On the approach to multiculturalism, there\'s been a polarization between a differentialist bias, that values the differences of private groups, and an intercultural attitude. Aims that the work will help to highlight some of the potential of cultural astronomy education in basic education, to enter discussions to cultural diversity in order to train individuals who are less focused on the practices of their own group and more open to the exchange between cultures and knowledge.
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A diversidade do conhecimento sobre o céu e o ensino de astronomia: propostas didáticas e potencialidades da astronomia cultural / The diversity of knowledge about the sky and astronomy education: didactic proposals and potential of cultural astronomy

Marta de Souza Rodrigues 03 December 2015 (has links)
A presente pesquisa analisou materiais e propostas didáticas sobre o tema da astronomia cultural, tendo em vista sua inserção no ensino de tópicos de Física e Ciências na educação básica. A astronomia cultural pode ser tomada como o estudo das relações entre os saberes produzidos sobre o céu e as dinâmicas socioculturais de um dado grupo. A existência de uma grande multiplicidade de culturas indica a possibilidade de inúmeras formas de se relacionar com os elementos celestes. Tal diversidade pouco ou raramente é explorada, sendo um dos objetos desta pesquisa evidenciar que as discussões desta temática podem ser potencialmente interessantes para trabalhar em sala de aula a questão do respeito à diversidade cultural, apresentando aos estudantes outras lógicas de pensamento, distintas das referências da cultura ocidental. Foram realizadas revisões bibliográficas a fim de construir um panorama da produção dos pesquisadores da área de ensino de ciências junto aos temas do multiculturalismo e da astronomia cultural. Este procedimento favoreceu o contato com materiais e propostas didáticas que foram selecionadas para comporem o conjunto de dados a ser trabalhado. Com base na metodologia da análise de conteúdo, doze documentos que abordaram a astronomia cultural de maneira articulada ao contexto da sala de aula foram analisados, investigando-se três dimensões de análise. Os questionamentos realizados se relacionam aos seguintes aspectos: principais temas abordados pelos materiais; tipos de perspectivas voltadas ao multiculturalismo e à noção de cultura; o papel de medidas legislativas, a exemplo da Lei Federal nº 11.645/08, no aumento da produção de materiais abordando a astronomia cultural. Dentre os resultados da análise, verificou-se que os temas com maior frequência estão relacionados a narrativas sobre o funcionamento do universo e aos asterismos (ou constelações) de algumas etnias indígenas, sendo pouco recorrente o trabalho aprofundado com variadas estruturas de pensamento ou outras visões de mundo distintas da cultura ocidental. Sobre a abordagem ao multiculturalismo, houve uma polarização entre um viés diferencialista, que valoriza as diferenças particulares dos grupos, e uma postura intercultural, com ênfase no diálogo. Almeja-se que o trabalho possa contribuir para evidenciar algumas das potencialidades do ensino de astronomia cultural na educação básica, ao inserir discussões voltadas a diversidade cultural a fim de formar indivíduos que estejam menos centrados nas práticas de seu próprio grupo e mais abertos ao intercâmbio entre culturas e saberes distintos. / The present research examined materials and didactic proposals on the topic of cultural astronomy, with a view to their inclusion in the teaching of physics and science topics in basic education. Cultural astronomy can be taken as the study of the relationship between knowledge produced about sky and socio-cultural dynamics of a given group. The existence of a great variety of cultures indicates the possibility of numerous ways to relate to the elements of the sky. Such little diversity or is rarely explored, being one of the objects of this research show that discussions of this theme can be potentially interesting to work in the classroom the issue of respect for cultural diversity, showing other students thought logic, other than the reference of Western culture. Bibliographical reviews were carried out in order to build a panorama of the production of the researchers of science teaching with the themes of multiculturalism and cultural astronomy. This procedure favored contact with didactic materials and proposals that have been selected to compose the set of data to be worked. Based on content analysis methodology, twelve documents that addressed cultural Astronomy of articulated way to the context of the classroom were analyzed investigating three dimensions of analysis. The questions made relate to the following aspects: main themes addressed by the materials; types of prospects aimed at multiculturalism and the concept of culture; the role of legislative measures, such as the Federal Law no. 11,645, increasing production of materials addressing the cultural astronomy. One of the results of the analysis, it was found that the subjects most often are related to narratives about the workings of the universe and the asterisms (or constellations) of some indigenous ethnic groups, being little in-depth work with recurrent varied structures of thoughts or other worldviews. On the approach to multiculturalism, there\'s been a polarization between a differentialist bias, that values the differences of private groups, and an intercultural attitude. Aims that the work will help to highlight some of the potential of cultural astronomy education in basic education, to enter discussions to cultural diversity in order to train individuals who are less focused on the practices of their own group and more open to the exchange between cultures and knowledge.
19

A física do ensino médio no Brasil no início do século XXI: legislações e propostas curriculares estaduais / Early 21st century high school physics in Brazil: legislation and state curriculum propositions.

Tofoli, Marcos Rogério 16 August 2017 (has links)
Apresentou-se parte da história do ensino de Física no Brasil de 1996 a 2011, período do sistema educacional em que há uma nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases - a LDB/1996, seguida das diretrizes - a DCNEM/1998, dos parâmetros (PCN/1998 e PCN+/2002) entre outros documentos direcionadores da legislação educacional brasileira (OCN/2006, ProEMI/2009) e, para o escopo desta pesquisa, fecha com as novas diretrizes - a DCN/2011. Esta LDB, junto aos demais documentos, provocou significativas modificações no currículo escolar ao propor um trabalho voltado para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinar, concedendo aos Estados e suas escolas a flexibilidade para definirem seus currículos mais ajustados às suas peculiaridades, atendendo as novas demandas de formação. Com base na análise de materiais curriculares estaduais (propostas, orientações entre outros) que orientaram o currículo nas escolas, editados para o nível do Ensino Médio, buscou-se compreender como os princípios norteadores do ensino de Física, no caso os PCN (1998 e 2002), foram inseridos e considerados no contexto. No que tange às propostas curriculares específicas, utilizando Sacristán (2002), objetivou-se o sentido do aprendizado, compreendido com o desenvolvimento de três dimensões dos PCN (Competências gerais, Temas estruturadores e Estratégias da ação), tendo seus desdobramentos nos respectivos critérios de análise. Foram dezessete (17) estados da federação brasileira, totalizando vinte cinco (25) documentos existentes nesse período, analisados em seu histórico da reforma educacional, suas propostas e orientações curriculares, elaboradas e publicadas com o objetivo de atender às novas demandas do ensino de Física Os resultados revelam que esses estados assumem diferentes sentidos do aprendizado de Física: constatou-se a contradição entre o discurso dos documentos legais e as formas de organização curricular em cinco estados (AP, GO, MS, PA e PE), assumindo-se, como atividade a ser ensinada ao aluno, a ciência via transmissão de conteúdos (abordagem mais informativa); sete estados (AC, ES, RJ, RS, SC, SP e TO) e Distrito Federal admitiram o pressuposto pedagógico de conceder elementos de uma concepção de ensino mais ativa e com foco no seu processo de aprendizagem, fazendo uma abordagem que trouxesse as competências do ensino de Física, bem como uma descrição dos conteúdos organizados por eixos temáticos, alinhadas às legislações e diretrizes, em especial, ao tratar os elementos da contextualização e interdisciplinaridade; quatro estados (CE, MG, MT e PR) buscaram uma forma diferenciada de estruturar o currículo, priorizando diferentes dimensões (ora Temas ora Estratégias), porém assumindo uma forma particular de atender à lei nos princípios de contextualização e interdisciplinaridade. Dessa forma, por meio das diferentes dimensões em que esses materiais curriculares prescritivos foram considerados e analisados, visualiza-se o quanto um currículo é um objeto espaço-temporal dependente do contexto e de seus protagonistas, refletindo a expressão formal das funções que pretende desempenhar do ponto de vista da política educacional estadual vigente. / Aimed at presenting part of the Physics teaching history in Brazil, from 1996 to 2011, period in which the educational system has had a new Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) - the LDB/1996, followed by the directives - DCNEM/1998, the parameters (PCN/1998 and PCN+/2002), among other guiding documents of Brazilian educational legislation (OCN/2006, ProEMI/2009) and, for the scope of this research, finalizing with the new directives - the DCN/2011. That LDB, among the other documents, caused significant modifications to the school curriculums by proposing a work aimed at the development of competences and abilities in a contextualized and interdisciplinary form, granting the States and their schools the flexibility to define their own curriculums, adjusted to their peculiarities and attending the new formation demands. From the analysis of state curriculum materials (proposals, orientations among others) which have guided the curriculums at schools, edited for the high school level, an understanding of how the guiding principles of Physics teaching, the PCNs (1998 and 2002), were inserted and considered in the context was sought. In the scope of the specific curriculum proposals, by utilizing Sacristán (2002), the direction of learning was objectified, comprehending the development of three PCN dimensions (general competences, structural themes and action strategies), unfolding in their respective analysis criteria. Seventeen States of the Brazilian federation were included, totalizing twenty-five analyzed documents, which existed in that period, and in its history of educational reorganization, their curricular proposals and orientations were elaborated and published with the objective of attending to the new demands of Physics teaching. From these states, the results reveal that they assume different meanings of the learning of Physics: the contradiction between the discourse of legal documents and the forms of curricular organization in five states (AP, GO, MS, PA and PE) was verified, assuming as an activity to be taught to the student science through content transmission (more informative approach); eight states (AC, ES, DF, RJ, RS, SC, SP and TO) assumed the pedagogical presupposition of granting elements of a more active teaching concept focused on their learning process, teaching of physics, as well as a description of the contents that were organized by thematic axes, aligned to the legislations and guidelines, in particular, when dealing with the elements of contextualization and interdisciplinarity; four states (CE, MG, MT and PR) sought a differentiated way of structuring the curriculum prioritizing different dimensions (sometimes Themes or Strategies), but assuming a particular way of meeting the law in the principles of contextualization and interdisciplinarity. Thus, through the different dimensions that these prescriptive curricular materials were considered and analyzed, it is visualized how much a curriculum is an object temporal space dependent on the context and its protagonists, reflecting the formal expression of the functions that it intends to perform from the point of view of current state education policy.
20

Propostas técnicas para obras de edificações: estudos de caso. / Technical proposals for construction projects: case studies.

Pinto, Ana Carolina Bonaldi Cayres 02 December 2015 (has links)
A Proposta Técnica é uma documentação cuja elaboração é uma atividade frequente nas empresas prestadoras de serviço e fornecedoras de produtos, que envolve um time multidisciplinar de profissionais e consome quantidade significativa de recursos financeiros e tempo, tanto das empresas proponentes quanto das empresas contratantes, que analisarão seu conteúdo e por fim selecionarão a proposta a ser aceita. A proposta desempenha vários papeis, funcionando como um material de comunicação da empresa que representa, ao explicitar sua capacidade para realização do trabalho proposto, e também como anexo contratual da transação comercial, passando por servir de fonte de informações para a orçamentação do Projeto e sugerir novas soluções às problemáticas apresentadas pelo cliente. O presente trabalho explorará a importância da Proposta Técnica nas negociações comerciais, assim como seu processo de elaboração em empresas construtoras de edifícios comerciais para iniciativa privada no Brasil, utilizando-se a metodologia de estudo de caso. Por meio de análise da documentação e de entrevistas com os profissionais envolvidos tanto na elaboração quanto na classificação das propostas, são discutidos os pontos essenciais no processo de produção de uma Proposta Técnica. / The Technical Proposal is a document whose preparation is a frequent action in companies which offer services or products. Besides it involves a multidisciplinary team, it also spends a significant amount of resources and time of all companies involved (the bidders and the contractor who will analyze it and decide which one will be accept). The Technical Proposal has some roles to play: be a promotional material of the proponent company, compose the contract, supply the cost estimation with time and quantity information and, finally, suggest new or complementary solutions to client´s questions. The aim of this research is, by doing case studies, to discuss the Technical Proposal business importance and to describe its preparation process in Brazilian commercial buildings construction companies. Interviews and documental analyses are the chosen tools to identify the main points of proposal development and the trends of this area.

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