• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

ProteÃnas de sementes de Amburama Cearensis (Allemao) A. C. Smith: Valor Nutricional e bioatividade contra patÃgenos e vetores de doenÃas / Amburama seed proteins cearensis (AllemÃo) AC Smith: Nutritional Value and bioactivity against pathogens and disease vectors

Davi Felipe Farias 06 March 2009 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Amburana cearensis (Allemao) A. C. Smith, usually known in portuguese language as âImburana-de-Cheiroâ or âCumaruâ, is a leguminous tree, subfamily Papilionoideae with common occurrence in âCaatingaâ Dominium. Despite the numerous ethnobotanical uses, few studies report biological activities of medical interest and / or agribusiness for this species or yet its utilization as food for humans and / or animals. This study aimed to evaluate the proteins of A. cearensis on its nutritional value associated with its biochemical characterization and as to the presence of bioactivity against bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi, all pathogens of humans, animals or plants of economic importance, and also against the vectors of disease, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. For this, seeds were collected in areas of caatinga trees in the municipality of Quixadà - CE and, subsequently, dried and finely ground. The seeds of A. cearensis have high nutritional potential, evidenced by the high content of proteins (22.69 &#61617; 0.81 g 100 g-1), lipid (24.45 2.02 g 100 g-1) and dietary fiber (34.75 1.78 g 100 g-1), keeping smaller quantities of starch (11.43 0.18 g 100 g-1), of total sugars (5.60 0.09 g 100 g-1) and minerals (4.51 0.21 g 100 g-1). Its amino acid composition is comparable to that of soybeans and beans. Moreover, the seeds have moderate levels of antinutritional factors, being detected only trypsin inhibitory activity (27.41  0.03 gTI Kg-1), urease activity (434  34 U kg-1) and some secondary metabolites such as tannins, phenols, flavones, flavonols, and xantone steroids. Chemical components, probably of low molecular mass present in seeds flour incorporated into diets, seem to interfere with their acceptance and use by animals since when the protein fraction (F0/90), obtained from its soluble protein, was incorporated into the balanced diet, the rats accepted well the diets and their performance indicated that F0/90 a good source of protein, comparable to major sources of vegetable protein such as soy and beans. Proteins of A. cearensis seeds are mainly composed of globulins (74.43 g 100 g-1) and albumins (14.23 g 100 g-1), with smaller quantities of glutelin basic proteins (10.07 g 100g-1), prolamins (1.20 g 100 g-1) and glutelin acidic proteins (0.07 g 100 g-1). The seeds crude extract (GE) offers a wide variety of proteins as shown by electrophoretic profiles with a predominance of proteins with apparent molecular mass over 45.0 kDa. The seeds of A. cearensis show also high bioactive potential, especially the activities of their majority proteins (albumins and globulins) against the growth of human pathogenic bacteria and yeast and phytopathogenic filamentous fungi, and against larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The inhibitory activity of the growth of phytopathogenic fungi concentrated in the albumins F70/90 fraction, being rich in proteins of low molecular mass (<30 kDa). Thus we can conclude that F0/90 is a good source of protein food when compared to other plant sources already used by the population. In addition, the globulins and albumins of A. cearensis are promising sources of bioactive proteins to be studied further and in greater purity. / Amburana cearensis (Allemao) A. C. Smith, popularmente conhecida como Imburana-de-Cheiro ou Cumaru, à uma leguminosa arbÃrea da subfamÃlia Papilionoideae de ocorrÃncia freqÃente na regiÃo do domÃnio Caatinga. Apesar dos inÃmeros usos etnobotÃnicos, poucos trabalhos relatam atividades biolÃgicas de interesse mÃdico e/ou agroindustrial para esta espÃcie ou, mesmo, sua utilizaÃÃo como fonte de alimento para humanos e/ou animais. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as proteÃnas de A. cearensis quanto a seu valor nutricional aliado à sua caracterizaÃÃo bioquÃmica e quanto à presenÃa de bioatividade contra bactÃrias, leveduras e fungos filamentosos, todos patÃgenos do homem, de animais ou de plantas de importÃncia econÃmica, e, ainda, contra os vetores de doenÃas, Aedes aegypti e Ae. albopictus. Para tanto, sementes foram coletadas em Ãrea de caatinga arbÃrea, no municÃpio de Quixadà â CE, sendo, posteriormente, desidratadas e finamente moÃdas. As sementes de A. cearensis possuem alto potencial nutricional, revelado pelo alto teor de proteÃnas (22,69 &#61617; 0,81 g. 100 g-1), lipÃdios (24,45 2,02 g. 100 g-1) e fibra alimentrar (34,75 1,78 g.100 g-1), retendo quantidades menores de amido (11,43 0,18 g.100g-1), aÃÃcares totais (5,60 0,09 g.100 g-1), e de minerais (4,51 0,21 g.100 g-1). Sua composiÃÃo aminoacÃdica à comparÃvel Ãquela da soja e feijÃo. AlÃm disso, as sementes apresentam moderados nÃveis de fatores antinutricionais, sendo detectados apenas atividade inibitÃria de tripsina (27,41  0,03 gTI.Kg-1), atividade ureÃsica (434,0  34,0 U.Kg-1) e alguns metabÃlitos secundÃrios, como taninos, fenÃis, flavonas, flavonÃis, xantonas e esterÃides. Componentes quÃmicos, provavelmente de baixa massa molecular, presentes nas sementes incorporadas a dietas interferem na sua aceitaÃÃo e aproveitamento por parte dos animais, uma vez que quando a fraÃÃo proteica (F0/90) obtida de suas proteÃnas solÃveis à incorporada à dieta balanceada, apresenta boa aceitaÃÃo pelos animais, mostrando-se uma boa fonte de proteÃnas, comparÃvel a importantes fontes de proteÃnas vegetais como a soja e os feijÃes. As proteÃnas das sementes de A. cearensis sÃo compostas principalmente por globulinas (74,43 g. 100g-1) e albuminas (14,23 g.100 g-1), com quantidades menores de proteÃnas do tipo glutelinas bÃsicas (10,07 g.100 g-1), prolaminas (1,20 g.100 g-1) e proteÃnas do tipo glutelinas Ãcidas (0,07 g.100 g-1). O extrato bruto (EB) das sementes apresenta uma grande diversidade de bandas proteicas com predominÃncia de bandas com massa molecular aparente > 45,0 kDa. As sementes de A. cearensis possuem tambÃm alto potencial bioativo, destacando-se as atividades de suas proteÃnas majoritÃrias (globulinas e albuminas) contra o crescimento de bactÃrias e leveduras patÃgenas do homem e de fungos filamentosos fitopatogÃnicos, e atividade contra larvas de Aedes aegypti e Ae. albopictus. A atividade inibitÃria do crescimento de fungos fitopatogÃnicos concentra-se na fraÃÃo F70/90 das albuminas, sendo rica em proteÃnas de baixa massa molecular (< 30 kDa). Assim, pode-se concluir que a F0/90 à uma boa fonte de proteÃna alimentar quando comparada a outras fontes vegetais jà utilizadas pela populaÃÃo. AlÃm disso, as globulinas e albuminas de A. cearensis sÃo fontes promissoras de proteÃnas bioativas que devem ser estudadas mais detalhadamente e em maior grau de pureza.
2

ProspecÃÃo nutricional e bioativa de sementes de dez espÃcies vegetais da caatinga / Nutritional and bioactive exploration seeds of Ten Plant Species of Caatinga

GeÃrgia Sampaio Fernandes 12 April 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A Caatinga possui uma vegetaÃÃo heterogÃnea cuja biodiversidade taxonÃmica conta com mais de 2.000 espÃcies de plantas. Dentre essas, cerca de 220 pertencem à famÃlia das leguminosas com 80 espÃcies endÃmicas, Ãnicas desse bioma. Muitas sÃo usadas para diversas finalidades de forma indiscriminada, reduzindo consideravelmente a diversidade e o nÃmero de espÃcies antes mesmo do conhecimento de suas potencialidades. Estudos que possam agregar valor econÃmico e viabilizar o uso racional, sustentÃvel e a conservaÃÃo das mesmas, aliada à constante busca por novas fontes de proteÃnas vegetais para atender à demanda crescente da populaÃÃo, bem como a grande necessidade de descoberta de compostos naturais que auxiliem no combate aos patÃgenos humanos e de plantas, sÃo de extrema relevÃncia. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial nutricional e bioativo de sementes de dez espÃcies vegetais da Caatinga destacando a espÃcie mais promissora. Para tanto, dez espÃcies de leguminosas selvagens da Caatinga foram analisadas quanto a sua composiÃÃo nutricional, apresentando elevado percentual de proteÃna bruta (10,9  0,4 a 50,0  3,4 %), fibras (0,8  0,0 a 52,3 Â1,0 %) e energia (1.000 a 1.804 kJ/100g), com perfil de aminoÃcidos comparÃveis aos da soja, com maiores teores de lisina (1088 a 456 mg/gN) e histidina (199 a 918 mg/gN) e bom perfil de minerais por apreentar boas quantidades de (mg/100g de farinha) de todos eles, em especial, de ferro (3,8 a 20,2), cÃlcio (31 a 268), magnÃsio (102 a 244) e potÃssio (366 a 1.581). As sementes apresentaram baixas quantidades de lectinas (80 a 2.560 e 160 a 2.560 UH/gF, quando nÃo tratadas e tratadas com enzimas, respectivamente), inibidores de tripsina (4,1  0,4 a 27,4  0,2 &#61549;gTI/mgF ), ureases (465  13 a 47.178  3.351 U/KgF) e atividade tÃxica, em apenas trÃs espÃcies, com DL50 variando de 0,72  0,03 a 1,12  0,04 g/Kg peso. Foi determinado um Ãndice de qualidade nutricional para todas as espÃcies, o qual apontou a espÃcie Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. (Catanduva) como detentora de melhor qualidade nutricional, sendo assim destacada e avaliada in vivo a qualidade das proteÃnas de suas sementes. Os processamentos tÃrmicos (fervura, cozimento em micro-ondas e autoclavagen) e o processo de extraÃÃo de &#61537;-galactosÃdios nas sementes dessas espÃcies nÃo proporcionaram bom desempenho dos animais, tendo em vista a perda de peso apresentada. Melhoria nos parÃmetros nutricionais, como NPU e VB foi verificada apÃs a retirada de &#61537;-galactosÃdios dessas sementes, sugerindo que a anÃlise de outros processamentos para o aproveitamento das proteÃnas de suas sementes, pode tornÃ-las uma fonte promissora. AlÃm do alto potencial nutricional, as dez espÃcies apresentam tambÃm potencial bioativo devido à presenÃa de metabÃlitos secundÃrios como alcalÃides, catequinas, calchonas, auronas, flavonÃis, fenÃis flavonas, xantonas, flavononÃis, saponinas e triterpenÃides. Possuem proteÃnas bioativas como proteases, quitinases (0,23  0,02 a 2,0  0,33 nKat/mgP), &#946;-1,3-glucanases (0,01  0,0 a 0,8  0,01 nKat/mgP), alÃm de proteÃnas ativas contra microorganismos que tambÃm sÃo consideradas antinutricionais (lectinas, inibidores de tripsina, ureases e toxinas). A avaliaÃÃo dos extratos brutos (EB) das espÃcies mostrou que todas sÃo ativas contra larvas de Aedes aegipty com percentual de mortalidade variando de 13,33  0,54 a 100,00  0,00 %, exceto o EB de Caesalpinea bracteosa que foi ativo contra a cepa Bacillus subtilis e contra o fungo Fusarium oxysporum, juntamente como o EB de Dioclea megacarpa. A espÃcie Senna rugosa inibiu o crescimento das cepas Bacillus subtilis e Staphylococcus aureus. Os fungos fitopatogÃnicos Aspergilus niger e Colletotrichum truncatum foram inibidos pelos EBs de Piptadenia moniliformis e Enterolobium contortisiliquum, que alÃm destes, foi ativo frente a Neurospora sp. e Trichoderma viridae. A espÃcie P. moniliformis destacou-se por sua elevada atividade quitinÃsica (1,12  0,0 nKat/mgP) em adiÃÃo à atuaÃÃo contra modelos biolÃgicos susceptÃveis a essa enzima, tendo sido escolhida para sua purificaÃÃo. A fraÃÃo proteica purificada de P. moniliformis (PmFP) contÃm elevada atividade de quitinases e causou pequena reduÃÃo no crescimento das leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Candida tropicalis, bem como da bactÃria B. subtilis. Inibiu ainda, a eclosÃo de ovos de A. aegypti com CI50 de 204, 42  2,19 ÂgP/ml e alterou a estrutura dos ovos e morfologia das larvas de primeiro estÃdio. A investigaÃÃo do potencial nutricional e bioativo das espÃcies mostrou boa composiÃÃo de nutrientes, em especial de proteÃnas e confirmou a presenÃa de compostos bioativos de natureza proteica e de metabÃlitos secundÃrios, tornando-as promissoras fontes de nutrientes e compostos antimicrobianos e anti-inseticidas que podem ser utilizados biotecnologicamente para fins agrÃcolas e industriais / The Caatinga Biome shows an heterogeneous vegetation with a taxonomic biodiversity of over 2,000 species of plants. Among these, approximately 220 belong to the Leguminosae family with 80 endemic species, unique to that biome. Many are used for various purposes in an indiscriminate manner, greatly reducing the variety and number of species even before the knowledge of their potential uses. Studies that can add economic value and enable the rational, sustainable use of these species, coupled with the constant search for new sources of plant protein to meet the ever increasing demand of the population are extremely important. Similarly important is the search for natural compounds which may help to combat human and plant pathogens. Thus, this study aimed to assess the nutritional and bioactive value of the seeds of ten plant species from Caatinga, highlighting the most promising ones. For this, the seeds were analyzed for nutritional composition, showing a high percentage of crude protein (10.9  0.4 to 50.0  3.4%), dietary fiber (0.8  0 , 0 to 52.3  1.0%) and energy (1,000 kJ/100g a1.804), with amino acid profile similar to that of soybeans, with higher amounts of lysine (1088-456 mg/gN) and histidine (199-918 mg/gN) and good mineral profile, with good content (mg/100 g flour) for all of them, especially, iron (3.8 to 20.2), calcium (31 to 268), magnesium (102-244) and potassium ( 366-1581). The seeds showed low amounts of lectins (80-2560 and 160-2560 UH / gF, when untreated and treated with enzymes, respectively), trypsin inhibitor &#61549;(4.1  0.4 to 27.4  0.2 GTI / mgF), urease (465  13 to 47,178  3,351 U / KGF) and toxic activity in only three species, with LD50 ranging from 0.72  0.03 to 1.12  0.04 g / kg body weight . Was given an index of nutritional quality for all species, which pointed to Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. species (Catanduva) as the most promising one and because of that the seeds of this species was had the quality of its proteins evaluated in vivo. The thermal processing (boiling, microwave cooking and autoclaving) as well as the removal of &#945;-galactosides did not improve animals performance. The nutritional parameters NPU and BV were improved when the animals were fed the seeds diet after removal of the &#945;-galactosides. This may indicate that the search for apropriate processing methods may turn these seeds a promising source of proteins. Besides the high nutritional potential, the seeds of the ten studied species also have bioactive potential due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, catechins, calchonas, Auron, flavonols, flavones phenols, xanthones, flavononols, saponins and triterpenoids. These seeds also have bioactive proteins such as proteases, chitinases (0.23  0.02 to 2.0  0.33 nkat / mg P), &#946;-1,3-glucanase (0.01  0.0 to 0.8  0, 01 nkat / mg P), and proteins active against microorganisms that are also considered antinutritional factors (lectins, trypsin inhibitors, urease and toxins). The evaluation of the crude extracts (CE) of the seeds showed that all species are active against the larvae of Aedes aegipti with mortality rates ranging from 13.33  0.54 to 100.00  0.00%, except that of Caesalpinea bracteosa which similarly to the CE of Dioclea megacarpa, was active against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Seeds extract of Senna rugosa species was able to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum truncatum were inhibited by the CE of Piptadenia moniliformis and Enterolobium contortisiliquum. The latter was also active against Neurospora sp. and Trichoderma viridae. The species P. moniliformis was distinguished for its high chitinase activity (1.12  0.0 nkat / mg P) in addition to its activity against biological models susceptible to this enzyme. For these reasons attempts were made for its purification. The purified protein fraction of P. moniliformis (PmFP) contains high activity of chitinases and caused a small reduction in the growth of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis, and of the the bacterium B. subtilis. This protein fraction also inhibits the hatching of A. aegypti eggs with IC50 of 204. 42  2.19 &#956;gP / ml. It causes changes in the eggs structure and in the morphology of first stage larvae. Thus, investigation of bioactive and nutritional potential of the species showed good composition of nutrients, especially of proteins, and confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds from protein nature and secondary metabolites, making them promising sources of nutrients, antimicrobial and insecticides that can biotechnologically be used for agricultural and industrial purposes.

Page generated in 0.0567 seconds