This thesis aims to explore the disconnect between calls for safe zones as a tool of humanitarian intervention, and the dark history of safe zone failure. This thesis begins with a brief discussion of current calls for safe zones in Syria, and how a proper theoretical framework and historical understanding are needed to discuss whether or not safe zones can be successfully implemented in Syria. The following literature review discusses not only prominent academic arguments and the history of humanitarian intervention, but it suggests a framework for deconstructing case studies. This framework looks first at the interests of an intervening actor. The level of interest of that actor directly informs its willingness to overcome the challenges of safe zone implementation. The challenges of safe zone implementation are both practical and existential. If an actor’s interest in a given crisis is not great enough to make it willing to overcome these practical and existential challenges, or the actor is willing to overcome them but lacks the ability to do so, the safe zone will fail. In most cases of failed safe zones, moral hazard plays a role. Moral hazard can be evident in either the intervening actor’s decisions or the decisions of the international community to support or not support the intervention. This thesis then deconstructs three historical cases of safe zones with this method: Srebrenica in Bosnia, Operation Provide Comfort in Iraqi Kurdistan, and Operation Turquoise in Rwanda. Following these three case studies, this paper discusses safe zones in Syria with the help of this method and the broad historical understanding of safe zones established through the case studies. This thesis concludes with a discussion of how the analysis and available historical cases show that safe zones are dangerous tools of humanitarian intervention and should not be undertaken without adequate levels of interest and willingness to address challenges.

This thesis deals with the institute of the temporary posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services between the member states of the European Union. It aims to describe in detail and to analyse the legal regulation of the issue and to highlight the uncertainties that occur during the realisation of the posting. The first part deals with the primary law of the European Union and with the related jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, while emphasising the link to the internal market and the freedom to provide services. The second part deals with the detailed analysis of the Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services which represents the basic regulation of the posting of workers at the European level. It is followed by the third part which deals with the later adopted Directive 2014/67/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the enforcement of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services which seeks to prevent fraudulent practices and provide better information on the labour law conditions to be applied to posted workers. Part four deals with the proposal for...

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-11T18:48:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida.pdf: 1434639 bytes, checksum: 0b9cbdc1186567b45abb32e3df930252 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:21:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida.pdf: 1434639 bytes, checksum: 0b9cbdc1186567b45abb32e3df930252 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida.pdf: 1434639 bytes, checksum: 0b9cbdc1186567b45abb32e3df930252 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar o direito a um serviço público judiciário adequado. Opta-se, neste trabalho, por enquadrar a atividade judicial, principalmente no seu aspecto administrativo, entre as modalidades de serviço público. Inúmeras são as vantagens decorrentes deste enquadramento. A principal delas é ampliar o número de critérios aferidores de qualidade para a realização do controle administrativo pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça. O serviço judiciário deve, conforme disposição do art. 175, inc. IV c/c art. 37, caput, da Constituição Federal, ser prestado de forma adequada. Os critérios de adequação relativos a esta atividade podem ser identificados em diversas legislações, quais sejam: Constituição Federal, Lei n.º 8.987/95, Lei n.º 8.078/90, Pacto de San Jose da Costa Rica e a Lei Orgânica da Magistratura Nacional. Além delas, há os critérios impostos pelas decisões do Conselho Nacional de Justiça e aqueles decorrentes dos posicionamentos doutrinários pátrios. Em face do conteúdo jurídico-administrativo destas legislações, das competências e objetivos do Conselho Nacional de Justiça e dos escritos dos mais diversos doutrinadores, pode-se afirmar que existe um direito, de todo e qualquer cidadão, de obter do Estado uma prestação adequada dos seus serviços judiciários. / Salvador

The subject of this thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the specifics of the crime of failure to provide aid in the healthcare, committed especially by doctors. The thesis itself is systematically divided into six chapters. The first chapter deals generally with crime of failure to provide aid. This part deals with legislation in the past and today, in detail there are also analyzed two of Acta Reus of this crime with particular emphasis on the theory of action, causality acts and omissions and some theoretical difficulties associated with this concept. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the developmental stages, the possible concurrence with other crimes, the circumstances excluding illegality, extinction of criminal liability, criminal sanctions and their demise and the interpretation of certain terms. In the second chapter, I analyze in detail the problems of general and special duties to act, their sources and issues. I do not focus only on Czech regulation, I concentrate on theory as well. The third chapter discusses the specifics of criminal responsibility in healthcare with an emphasis on interpretation of the term lex artis medicinae, and also depicts the requirement that criminal liability should stand as a means of last instance, particularly in the area of healthcare, together with a...

Le détachement dans le cadre d’une prestation de services est au cœur d’enjeux socio-économiques. La liberté de prestation de services permet aux entreprises établies dans un État membre de l’Union européenne de fournir des services dans d’autres États membres. L’opération de détachement permet à l’entreprise d’affecter ses travailleurs à la réalisation de la prestation de services. Cette opération économique présente des intérêts et des enjeux incontestables pour les travailleurs détachés, pour l’État d’envoi et l’État d’accueil. La libre prestation de services est essentielle au bon fonctionnement du marché intérieur, elle contribue indéniablement à la croissance économique. Le détachement de travailleurs pose la problématique de la protection offerte à ces travailleurs. En effet, l’opération de détachement présente des risques de concurrence entre les travailleurs, de fraude et de dumping social. La protection des travailleurs détachés prévue par la directive « détachement » présente des limites. Des dysfonctionnements majeurs ont été recensés, notamment les sources de protection, les contours de la protection, l’effectivité de la directive et les mesures de contrôle. La directive 96/71 a pour objectif principal de garantir la libre prestation de services. Elle organise le cadre légal des règles applicables au détachement de travailleur avec une dualité de règles. Ce cadre prévoit l’application des règles de l’État d’accueil avec le « noyau dur » de protection et les règles de l’État d’envoi pour les éléments hors du noyau dur. Cette dualité de règles s’est avérée insuffisante et problématique dans certaines situations. La directive « détachement » a été consolidée par la directive d’exécution qui est entrée en vigueur le 28 mai 2014 et dont la transposition a été prévue au plus tard le 18 juin 2016. Celle-ci a pour objectif de renforcer la protection du travailleur détaché, c’est une avancée majeure en matière de détachement, notamment en matière de contrôle de l’application de la directive détachement, de responsabilité du sous-traitant dans le cadre d’une prestation de services, de coopération entre les États membres. La Commission européenne a présenté, le 8 mars 2016, une proposition de directive destinée à mieux définir les conditions de mise en œuvre du détachement des travailleurs. Le détachement nous interroge sur la construction européenne. Précisément, quel avenir pour l’Europe ? / Secondment as part of the delivery of services is key to socioeconomic challenges. The freedom to provide services enables companies which are established in a Member State of the European Union to provide services to other Member States. Secondment allows companies to assign their workers to tasks involving the provision of services. This economic operation offers undisputed benefits and challenges for the seconded workers, the State sending them, and the State receiving them. Freedom to provide services is essential to the proper functioning of the internal market, and it also makes an undeniable contribution to economic growth. The secondment of workers raises the issue of how to protect these workers. Indeed it throws up the risk of competition between workers, fraud and social dumping. The protection received by seconded workers under the “secondment” directive is limited. Major dysfunctions have been identified, particularly with regards to sources of protection, the outlines of this protection, the effectiveness of the directive and the measures used to verify it. The main objective of Directive 96/71 is to guarantee the freedom to provide services. It sets out the legal framework for the rules that apply to the posting of workers with two sets of regulations. This framework enables the application of the regulations of the host State for “core” protection and the regulations of the State which receives the workers for any elements that fall outside the core. This duality of regulations has proved insufficient and problematic in some situations. The “secondment” directive was consolidated by the executive directive which came into effect on 28 May 2014 but is to be transposed by 18 June 2016 at the latest. The aim is to increase the protection of seconded workers, which is a major step forward for secondment, in particular with regard to applying the secondment directive, the responsibility of the subcontractor when providing services and cooperation between the Member States. On March 8th, 2016, the European commission presented a directive proposition aimed at defining the conditions of implementation of workers secondment in a better way. Secondment raises questions about how Europe is constructed. More specifically, what does the future look like for Europe?

This doctoral thesis discusses temporary movements of service providers in the EU Internal Market. Movements such as posting of workers of cross-border movements of self-employed persons constitute one of the pillars of freedom to provide services. As granted by the Treaty on functioning of the European Union, businesses may temporarily conduct entrepreneurial activities in another EU Member State without being established there. Typical cases include installation of equipment purchased by a resident of another EU country, short-term construction works, trainings of personnel in foreign companies etc. Posted workers remain employed by a company in their country of origin and do not seek access to labour markets in the host state. Self-employed persons run their business activities based on a trade license issued in the country of origin and do not set up a business in the country of destination. Nevertheless, in contrast to freedom of establishment, such activities need to be of a temporary -- not repeating, irregular, not continuous - character. In practice, this definition is rather vague and there is no clear frontier between temporary movements and freedom of establishment. Temporary character of postings raises the question how to obtain statistics on numbers of persons providing services through temporary movements or volume of corresponding services. Given the level of integration, there are no statistics based on traditional movements' observing such as visa or work permits. Lack of information about providers' flows may lead to difficulties in estimating the impact of related barriers as well as benefits from further liberalization. The Services Directive 2006/123/EC is the most recent norm regulating provision of services in the Internal Market. Since the final version does not contain the most progressive provisions such as country of origin principle, we may examine whether it is targeted at barriers faced by the businesses during temporary movements. Taking in account all above mentioned topics, this thesis provides complex multi-disciplinary analysis of conditions for provision of services with temporary movements of natural persons in the Internal Market. In particular, it tests following hypotheses: 1. Due to depth of integration and subsequent abolition of visa and work permit requirements; there is a lack of statistical resources on provision of services with temporary movements of natural persons. With existing tools, reliable statistics cannot be obtained. 2. Lack of statistical data on temporary movements prevents us from quantifying impacts of remaining barriers to temporary postings. 3. Nevertheless, there is evidence on persisting discriminatory barriers to postings by most vulnerable businesses - Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). 4. The implementation of Services Directive in its final version has only a limited impact on elimination of barriers which hinder temporary postings by SMEs. The first and second hypotheses were rejected, hypothesis three and four confirmed. Movement of providers, as well as its impact on labour markets of host countries may be estimated via E 101 or A 1 forms issued by national social security authorities. Subsequently, indices of restrictiveness may be constructed following to data collection at national levels or databases. Data mining from SME feedback database proved that Member States still maintain barriers such as license requirements, work permit requirements or lengthy procedures on recognition of qualifications. During the reference period 2006-9 the SMEs mostly complained about problems related to value-added tax, qualification issues or labour law provisions applicable on postings of workers. Such areas are, however, exempt form the scope of the Services Directive. Given the complexity of analysis, findings of this thesis may be used both in practice and academic field.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-08-24T17:48:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Vania Coutinho Gomes Andrade.pdf: 1719613 bytes, checksum: 5498e8687b81f7ae44beb7c96979f3a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-08-25T16:08:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Vania Coutinho Gomes Andrade.pdf: 1719613 bytes, checksum: 5498e8687b81f7ae44beb7c96979f3a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T16:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Vania Coutinho Gomes Andrade.pdf: 1719613 bytes, checksum: 5498e8687b81f7ae44beb7c96979f3a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-04 / Atualmente, o setor de serviços constitui-se em uma das áreas essenciais da vida contemporânea. Por isso, cresce cada vez mais a busca por artifícios que possibilitem às organizações maneiras de inovar, com o intuito de alcançar um maior número de consumidores. A partir daí surgem as metodologias ou ferramentas para incrementar as estratégias de inovação. Portanto, algumas de tais propostas incluem o cliente como o ator principal das pesquisas no processo de criação de serviços. Diante desta perspectiva, a biblioteca entendida como um organismo que trabalha com a entrega de produtos e serviços informacionais também se encontra sujeita ao reprojeto dos seus serviços, fato proposto por intermédio da pesquisa sobre os valores, percepções, necessidades e expectativas dos seus usuários. Através desta concepção, o objetivo deste trabalho se constituiu na utilização da abordagem do Design Thinking como princípio de inovação dos serviços ofertados pela biblioteca do campus Nova Iguaçu, pertencente ao Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Cefet/RJ), caracterizando a pesquisa em um estudo de caso. Como método e instrumento de coleta de dados foram utilizados: a) um questionário fechado, oriundo da ferramenta LibQUAL (um extrato da metodologia SERVQUAL voltado para bibliotecas), aplicado aos alunos, professores e técnico-administrativos do campus Nova Iguaçu, com o intuito de realizar um levantamento dos atributos/critérios de serviços a serem explorados; b) um questionário aberto, aplicado aos bibliotecários-chefe do Sistema de Bibliotecas; c) um grupo focal com o objetivo de realizar um debate sobre os dados observados e através de um brainstorming se alcançar possíveis ideias inovadoras. / Currently, the service sector is one of the essential areas of contemporary life. Therefore, the search for artifacts that enable organizations to innovate in order to reach a larger number of consumers is growing. From this stand the methodologies or tools to increase innovation strategies. Therefore, some of these proposals includes the client as the main actor of the research on the process of creating services. In this perspective, the library understood as an organization that works with the delivery of products and information services, is also subject to redesign its services, through research about the values, perceptions, needs and expectations of its users. Through this conception, the objective of this work was to use the Design Thinking approach as a principle of innovation of the services offered by the Nova Iguaçu Library, belonging to the Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Cefet/RJ), characterizing the research as a case study. Thus, as method and instrument of data collection were used: a) A closed questionnaire from the LibQUAL tool (an extract from the SERVQUAL methodology for libraries), applied to the students, teachers and administrative technicians of the Nova Iguaçu campus with the purpose of performing a survey of the attributes / criteria of services to be explored; b) An open questionnaire, applied to the system's chief librarians; c) a focus group with the objective of holding a debate on the observed data and reach innovative ideas through a brainstorming.

Title of Thesis : A study on relationship between project manager behavior and employee job performance in Kaohsiung Rapid Transit building project Name of student: Hui-Wen Cheng Advisor: Dr. Jin-Feng Uen Abstract: The project style organization is normal state in many businesses. The purpose of mission of project is finish job quality by limit budget. Nowadays, Engineering or building project by cooperation to under take a large scale public engineering to resolve problems of plan, design and work. The combinations of project members are provisional, maybe they are work for the different departments for the same company or they work for different companies, maybe they are short-tern workers for project, so the employee source of project is complicated. And there are many important works for building projects, including control budget, plan, and resources distribution properly, so project management is difficult, and project manager¡¦s role is very important. Manager has to share information, trend participated leadership with team and discuss openly to solve problem to complete project. Manager also needs to encourage team members to work together in the project management. This case refers to several references, project manger behaviors defines the following: concern for people, information provide, job goals, external relations and performance rewords.Therefore, project manager behaviors for project organization of members have certain inflation and also has indirectly effect ion. This is a case of KMRT and studies between project manager behavior and employees of job performance including employees of job satisfied, employees of individual personality and job enrichment, etc. It also studies in some circumstances between project manager behavior and employees of job performance. These evidences show as followings¡G 1. Project manager emphasizes information provide and it obviously affect with employees of job performance. 2. Project manager emphasizes concern for people and it obviously affect with employees of job satisfaction. 3. Project manager emphasizes information provide and it obviously affect with employees of job satisfaction. 4. Job enrichment for project manager to emphasize performance and employee of job satisfaction is effective interruptedly. 5. Project employees of different departments for project manager to emphasize concern for people and employee of job satisfaction is effective interruptedly. 6. Age of project employees for project manager to emphasize external relations and employee of job satisfaction is effective interruptedly. 7. Project employees of different departments for project manager to emphasize external relations and employee of job satisfaction is effective interruptedly. 8. Project employees of different positions for project manager to emphasize external relations and employee of job satisfaction is effective interruptedly.

Die Tätigkeiten im Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst sind häufig mit persönlichen Gefährdungen verbunden. Im Raum steht aber auch immer die Problematik von Gefährdungssituationen, die durch den Notarzt "nur" als solche wahrgenommen, sozusagen "empfunden" werden. In dieser Arbeit wird v. a. vor dem Hintergrund der Erforderlichkeit und Zumutbarkeit die Frage prinzipiell diskutiert, ob und inwieweit ein Notarzt zum Handeln verpflichtet ist. Im Ergebnis ist objektiv-typisierend auf den Facharztstandard bzw. den Indikationskatalog für den Notarzteinsatz in Kombination mit arzt-/berufsrechtlichen Gesichtspunkten im engeren Sinne (z. B. Freiberuflichkeit) abzustellen. Es wird sich jedenfalls immer um eine Einzelfallbetrachtung und um eine individuelle, fallbezogene Entscheidung handeln. Bei seltenen, sehr unwahrscheinlichen Situationen mit relativer Ermangelung von objektiv-typisierbaren Gesichtspunkten werden die Anforderungen, aber auch die Chancen, an die "höchstpersönliche" Berufsausübung, an die Persönlichkeit des Arztes (v. a. in der Entscheidungsfindung) umso größer werden.

The aim of this thesis is to present the phenomenon of posting workers within the EU in the context of the freedom to provide services. The author introduces the de lege lata legal framework in a complex and chronological manner, taking into consideration the motives and political pressure behind key modifications. Accordingly, the thesis examines relevant Treaty provisions, case law and its evolution, key secondary acts, as well as the relation of such sources to legal acts which address posting workers in an indirect manner. The author focuses on the analysis of existing key provisions, their practical impact and insufficiencies. However, she also approaches the topic from the de lege ferenda perspective by presenting the ongoing revision of the current legal framework and by considering other potential changes which could improve the regulation of posted workers in the future. Furthermore, the thesis demonstrates the complexity of posting workers by drawing attention to the colliding interests of involved member states and parties, showing the sensitivity of the subject. This underlines the fact that the phenomenon cannot be separated from its political context and is condemned to a constant balancing of two colliding interests - the freedom to provide services and social protection of posted...