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Genetic transformation is a useful tool to incorporate novel genes, potentially allowing sexual incompatibility and interspecific barriers to be circumvented. The purpose of this study was to improve beta-carotene levels in melon fruits by transferring a phytoene synthase (PSY) gene. At present, there are not sufficient regeneration and transformation studies reported on two commercially important melon types - western shipper cantaloupe and honeydew. To establish a high efficiency shoot regeneration system, we evaluated three types of explants in our elite breeding lines. A shoot tip with a hypocotyl and cotyledon fragments, regenerated shoots whereas a shoot tip with a hypocotyl without cotyledon, did not produce regenerants. Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal medium with 1 mg 1⁻¹ benzyladenine (BA), 0.26 mg 1⁻¹ abscisic acid (ABA) and 0.8 mg 1⁻¹ indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was the best for regeneration from cotyledon explants in cantaloupe 'F39'. MS basal medium with 1 mg 1⁻¹ BA and 0.26 mg 1⁻¹ ABA was chosen for honeydew '150' to solve a curving-up problem of explants. Fifty to sixty percent of regenerants were found to be polyploids. To establish a reliable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol, kanamycin sensitivity as well as Timentin[trademark] and Clavamox® were evaluated. Kanamycin 200 and 150 mg 1⁻¹ were chosen as the threshold levels for 'F39' and '150' respectively. No significant differences were found between Timentin[trademark] and Clavamox® in 'F39'; however, Clavamox® reduced the incidence of vitrification and increased the frequency of shoot elongation in '150'. A. tumefaciens strain EHA105, harboring pCNL56 carrying nptII and gusA genes, was used to establish a transformation protocol. The transformation efficiency was 0.3% from 'F39' and 0.5% from '150'. We introduced a watermelon PSY-C gene under the control of a fruit-specific promoter of a polygalacturonase gene into '150'. All the transgenic plants were tetraploids based on flow cytometry assays. Up to 32-fold of beta-carotene was elevated in the rind tissue of transgenic honeydew including phytoene increase. This is a very promising result for a further investigation to increase beta-carotene level in flesh tissue using the PSY-C gene with an appropriate promoter.

The infestation of foodstuffs by mites is connected to health risks and economic losses. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) is a cosmopolitan generalist feeder that prefers foodstuffs of high-fat and high-protein content. The stored product mite T. putrescentiae is an emerging and predominant pest of dry dog food. It is an emerging source of allergens in stored products and homes. The results of this study have important implications for predictive models of stored-product mite populations in dry dog food. High-fat and -protein food accelerated T. putrescentiae population growth compared with the high-carbohydrate diet. The results increase the medical importance of the mite allergens detected in the feces. The cocktail of allergens, i.e. feces covering chitin, mite allergens and bacterial toxins, represent high risks for the mammalian immune system. The association of the mite with Bacillus cereus is to the medical importance.

Att arbeta som sjuksköterska på en psykiatrisk akutmottagning innebär ansvar att ta beslut i komplexa situationer samt ställer stora krav. För att underlätta bedömning av patientens vårdbehov och minska risken för subjektiva bedömningar genomfördes ett utvecklingsarbete genom införande av triageringsverktyget och beslutsunderlaget RETTS-Psy vid en psykiatrisk akutmottagning i Västsverige. Syftet med pilotstudien var att ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv belysa sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av införandet och arbetet med RETTS-Psy. Studien genomfördes utifrån en kvalitativ ansats via semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra strategiskt utvalda sjuksköterskor. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys och fyra teman kunde urskiljas. Resultatet visade sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att arbetssättet och akutjournalen tydliggjort patientens vårdbehov och då underlättat i prioriteringsarbetet samt bidragit till ökad patientsäkerhet. Att patienten blir bedömd efter snar ankomst erfors ha bidragit till bättre överblick, men även att sjuksköterskan upplevde en begränsning i omvårdnadssamtal och dokumentation. Valet av kvalitativ ansats som analysmetod ansågs passande då den insamlade datan svarade på pilotstudiens syfte som var att undersöka sjuksköterskans erfarenhet. Vidare forskning inom akutpsykiatrisk omvårdnad vore önskvärt likaså forskning om patientens upplevelse av omvårdnad och triagering på en psykiatrisk akutmottagning.

The aim of this study was to explore the influence of volatile compounds in dry dog food on its attractiveness for dogs. The assumption was that the attractiveness is mainly affected by volatile compounds presented in the feed. This study brings overall information about dog´s digestive system and its nutritional requirements with the summary of available feeds including the production process and list of the customary ingredients. A survey of the most common volatile compounds including appropriate analytical methods is also part of this study. A feed preference test was performed in experimental part of this study. The preference ratio of two dry dog diets was set to 21:79 % that shows clear preference for one of the feeds. Chemical analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed distinctions in the volatile compounds profile of the tested feeds. 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole that is part of synthetic antioxidant BHA was identified to be the main volatile compound that could possibly be responsible for feed preferences observed in this study.

Diplomová práce se zabývá zpracováním a zhodnocením vhodnosti a reálnosti strategie malého podniku. V praktické části je vyhodnocena externí a interní analýza včetně analýzy SWOT. Hlavní bod práce spočívá v zhodnocení reálnosti strategie zavedení centrálního skladu a zřízení vlastní sítě obchodních zástupců, které si kladou za cíl rozvoj obchodních aktivit na současném trhu. V rámci strategie na podnikové úrovni je vybrána a představena strategie globální expanze na Slovensko.

Mental illness affects one in five Canadians and this number is higher among post-secondary students (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2012). Over the last three decades, studies have sought to determine how many students have mental health concerns in hope of substantiating the need for more support and funding for mental health services on campus. Knowledge gained from these studies is often seeped in a bio-medical perspective of mental health and illness, where the students’ mental health concerns are problematized and the target of psy interventions. What is lacking is an understanding of the university students’ lived experience, a person-centered understanding that sheds light on what supports or threatens students’ mental well-being while illuminating the socio, political and economic realities that may be at play in the lived experience of students with mental health concerns. This research project has addressed this gap by using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experience of baccalaureate nursing students in the university and critically appraise their understanding of their lived experience. This research concludes that the rising rates of mental health concerns are the distillate of the psy complex and the by-product of student stress within the university and not merely a problem inherent to a student as the psy complex purports. This new knowledge may serve as a foundation for, meaningful mental health services on campus and, the development of nursing curricula that is sensitive to the lived experience of nursing students with mental health concerns, one that fosters mental well-being and recovery.

O presente trabalho, situado na linha de Psicologia e Educação, trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, cuja finalidade inicial foi a sistematização dos conhecimentos produzidos acerca do que se convencionou chamar, primeiramente sob o viés psicanalítico, de neurose obsessiva e, posteriormente, a partir do ponto de vista científico, de transtorno obsessivo compulsivo (TOC). Num segundo momento, teve como objetivo analisar os discursos produzidos sobre o tema, tendo em vista as diferentes áreas de conhecimento que dele se ocuparam, bem como as divergentes concepções teóricas. Porém, mais do que os saberes que têm sido produzidos, interessou-nos analisar as práticas que estão implicadas na produção e no funcionamento desses saberes, isto é, quais os efeitos dos discursos das áreas de radical psi - compreendidas aqui pela psiquiatria, psicologia e psicanálise na produção de um tipo bem determinado de sujeito e qual o papel da educação nesse contexto. Para tanto, lançamos mão de alguns estudos de intelectuais de lastro foucaultiano, que nos permitiram compreender a verdade como invenção - e não como descoberta, tal como sugerem muitos cientistas daí a necessidade de desnaturalizá-las; e o discurso como um conjunto de enunciados, vinculado a jogos de poder, que fazem circulam determinados regimes de verdade, através dos quais, realidade e sujeitos são produzidos. Nesse sentido, se a invenção se dá na/pela linguagem, podemos afirmar que, a invenção da neurose obsessiva - ou TOC - e de sua clínica, ganha status de verdade e de realidade na medida em que começa a ser produzida nas narrativas, quando começa a circular em diferentes discursos, quando começa a ganhar força em estudos que visam compreendê-la, explicá-la, enfim, quando começa a produzir saberes geradores de novas práticas e, de modo circular, práticas que convocam novos saberes. Do estudo, também foi possível depreender que os discursos psi são importantes dispositivos de poder, que funcionam no sentido de apagar toda e qualquer diferença, com vistas à adequação dos sujeitos aos padrões normativos. Nesse sentido, a escola, entendida como instituição disciplinar por excelência, onde discursos psi e pedagógicos se fundem e, por vezes, se confundem, é o lugar privilegiado para o exercício do poder e, portanto, das práticas de governo de todos e de si ao mesmo tempo. / This work, situated in the line of search of Psychology and Education, is a literature review, whose initial purpose was the systematization of knowledge produced about what is termed, primarily under the psychoanalytical view, obsessional neurosis, subsequently, from the scientific point of view, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). In a second moment, aimed to analyze the speeches produced about the subject, in view of, the different areas of knowledge that gets occupied by it, as well as the divergent theoretical conceptions. However, more than the knowledge that have been produced, interested to us, examining the practices that are involved in the production and operation of such knowledge, that is, what effects the speeches of the radical psy areas - understood here by psychiatry, psychology and psychoanalysis in the production of a determined type of subject and the role of education in that context. For both, in support in some studies of foucaultian approach, which allowed us understand the truth as invention - and not as discovery, as suggest many scientists hence the need for denaturalize them; and the discourse as a set of statements, entailed with power games, which are moving certain truth regimes, through which, reality and subject are produced. Then, if the invention is in/on the language, we can affirm that, the invention of obsessional neurosis - or OCD - and its clinical, get status of truth and reality in so far as it begins to be produced in narratives, when it begins to circulate in various speeches, when it begins to gain strength in studies that aim to understand and explain it, finally, when it begins to produce new knowledge-generating practices and, in a circular way, practices that summon new knowledge. From the study, it was also possible to conclude that the psy speeches are important power devices, which work in order to erase any distinction, to the suitability of the subject to normative standards. Therefore, the school, understood as disciplinary institution par excellence, where psy and educational speeches merge, and sometimes, are confused, is the privileged place for the exercise of power, and consequently, of the rules practices of every and of itself at the same time.

O presente trabalho, situado na linha de Psicologia e Educação, trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, cuja finalidade inicial foi a sistematização dos conhecimentos produzidos acerca do que se convencionou chamar, primeiramente sob o viés psicanalítico, de neurose obsessiva e, posteriormente, a partir do ponto de vista científico, de transtorno obsessivo compulsivo (TOC). Num segundo momento, teve como objetivo analisar os discursos produzidos sobre o tema, tendo em vista as diferentes áreas de conhecimento que dele se ocuparam, bem como as divergentes concepções teóricas. Porém, mais do que os saberes que têm sido produzidos, interessou-nos analisar as práticas que estão implicadas na produção e no funcionamento desses saberes, isto é, quais os efeitos dos discursos das áreas de radical psi - compreendidas aqui pela psiquiatria, psicologia e psicanálise na produção de um tipo bem determinado de sujeito e qual o papel da educação nesse contexto. Para tanto, lançamos mão de alguns estudos de intelectuais de lastro foucaultiano, que nos permitiram compreender a verdade como invenção - e não como descoberta, tal como sugerem muitos cientistas daí a necessidade de desnaturalizá-las; e o discurso como um conjunto de enunciados, vinculado a jogos de poder, que fazem circulam determinados regimes de verdade, através dos quais, realidade e sujeitos são produzidos. Nesse sentido, se a invenção se dá na/pela linguagem, podemos afirmar que, a invenção da neurose obsessiva - ou TOC - e de sua clínica, ganha status de verdade e de realidade na medida em que começa a ser produzida nas narrativas, quando começa a circular em diferentes discursos, quando começa a ganhar força em estudos que visam compreendê-la, explicá-la, enfim, quando começa a produzir saberes geradores de novas práticas e, de modo circular, práticas que convocam novos saberes. Do estudo, também foi possível depreender que os discursos psi são importantes dispositivos de poder, que funcionam no sentido de apagar toda e qualquer diferença, com vistas à adequação dos sujeitos aos padrões normativos. Nesse sentido, a escola, entendida como instituição disciplinar por excelência, onde discursos psi e pedagógicos se fundem e, por vezes, se confundem, é o lugar privilegiado para o exercício do poder e, portanto, das práticas de governo de todos e de si ao mesmo tempo. / This work, situated in the line of search of Psychology and Education, is a literature review, whose initial purpose was the systematization of knowledge produced about what is termed, primarily under the psychoanalytical view, obsessional neurosis, subsequently, from the scientific point of view, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). In a second moment, aimed to analyze the speeches produced about the subject, in view of, the different areas of knowledge that gets occupied by it, as well as the divergent theoretical conceptions. However, more than the knowledge that have been produced, interested to us, examining the practices that are involved in the production and operation of such knowledge, that is, what effects the speeches of the radical psy areas - understood here by psychiatry, psychology and psychoanalysis in the production of a determined type of subject and the role of education in that context. For both, in support in some studies of foucaultian approach, which allowed us understand the truth as invention - and not as discovery, as suggest many scientists hence the need for denaturalize them; and the discourse as a set of statements, entailed with power games, which are moving certain truth regimes, through which, reality and subject are produced. Then, if the invention is in/on the language, we can affirm that, the invention of obsessional neurosis - or OCD - and its clinical, get status of truth and reality in so far as it begins to be produced in narratives, when it begins to circulate in various speeches, when it begins to gain strength in studies that aim to understand and explain it, finally, when it begins to produce new knowledge-generating practices and, in a circular way, practices that summon new knowledge. From the study, it was also possible to conclude that the psy speeches are important power devices, which work in order to erase any distinction, to the suitability of the subject to normative standards. Therefore, the school, understood as disciplinary institution par excellence, where psy and educational speeches merge, and sometimes, are confused, is the privileged place for the exercise of power, and consequently, of the rules practices of every and of itself at the same time.

There were 1 643 dogs accepted to the dog shelter in Tábor in the years 20082015, wherein the amount of annualy accepted dogs slightly decreased. Dogs, that were returned to the original owner, spent shorter time (median 1 day) in the shelter than dogs, that were left alone and found a new home (median 18 days). The shelter accepted more male than female dogs. Simultaneously, male spent in the shelter longer time than female. Most of the dogs accepted to the shelter were younger than 1 year. The most common colour was black, the majority of dogs had a short and soft hair. Hybrids predominated among accepted dogs, following by German shepherds, Labrador retrievers and Dachshunds (or their hybrids). Dogs with a good character prevailed in the shelter. Data on abandoned dogs were statistically processed. There were found a significant effect of following variables on the length of stay in the shelter - age, height, purebred, temperament, colour, length and type of hair, and also the month of entry into the shelter. With increasing age and size (height) of dog there was demonstrably extended length of dogs stay in the shelter before they were adopted, as well as an aggressive character and dogs accepted in the shelter in October or November. Interestingly, the visually purebred dogs (corresponding to a certain breed standard) looked for a new home longer time than hybrids, provably. On the other hand, dogs with a light-coloured, soft or short hair and dogs accepted in February or April stayed in the shelter shorter time. When advertising the abandoned dogs for adoption, it is necessary to focus primarily on dogs that spend in the shelter longer time on average that means male dogs, large dogs, older dogs, dogs with long, black or rough hair and aggressive or temperamental dogs.