The experience of verbal bullying at school may cause a female adolescent much distress. This distress can result in the adolescent experiencing life as traumatic and may influence her sense of well being negatively. Verbal bullying usually takes the form of name-calling, put-downs and insults. This can be very traumatic for adolescents and can lower their self-esteem, which may eventually lead to mental illness. The parents of adolescent learners often have the misconception that bullying is a normal part of a teenager’s life and are unaware of the distress it may cause the adolescent. The victimized adolescent should, therefore, be provided with support in order to avert the occurrence of mental illness. The goals of this study were to: • Explore and describe the experiences of adolescent girls regarding verbal bullying in secondary school settings. • Develop guidelines to assist mental health nursing specialists in helping adolescent girls to cope with bullying in secondary schools. The researcher used a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design with a phenomenological approach. The research population consisted of female learners in a secondary school setting. Purposive sampling was used in this study to identify participants. Data was collected by means of naïve sketches, one-to-one-interviews and field notes based on observations. Data was analyzed using Tesch’s method (in Creswell, 1994:190) of descriptive analysis. The identified themes were compared to available literature. The data collected from this study was used to develop guidelines to aid mental health nursing specialists to help adolescents to cope with verbal bullying.

M.Cur. (Psychiatric Nursing) / In view of statistics available there is a definite need for a primary mental health service for children in the Republic of South Africa. Very little literature is available on the functions of the child psychiatric nurse, in this regard. This study was done to determine the functions of the child psychiatric nurse in the deliverance of a primary mental health care service for children. It was done by using the opinions of practicing child psychiatrists and child psychiatric nurses in South Africa.

D.Cur. / Psychiatric nurses are constantly in interaction with psychiatric patients, families, psychiatrists, auxiliary nurses and other multidisciplinary team members. Psychiatric nurses, during their basic training, have to complete the course in interpersonal skills and methods. However, some psychiatric nurses during their interaction with psychiatric patients, families, psychiatrists and auxiliary nurses behaved aggressively and passively towards them. This has led to this research study aimed at describing a model for facilitation of continuous assertiveness for psychiatric nurses. A theory-generative design which is qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature was followed. The research method were dealt with in four steps in theory generation in the following manner: Step 1 - Concept analysis This step was dealt with in two phases namely concept identification and concept definition. During concept identification a qualitative research strategy which is explorative, descriptive and contextual was used. This was attained through field research conducted in a specified urban psychiatric hospital in Gauteng Province. The sample consisted of twelve psychiatric nurses and were purposively selected. Four different scenarios were role-played, each scenario was role-played twelve times. Each scenario lasted approximately forty-five minutes. One advanced psychiatric practitioner from a different hospital took the role of psychiatric patient, family psychiatrist and auxiliary nurse. Videotaped recordings, transcripts of videorecordings, non-participating observational field notes as well as written feedback were used as methods of data collection. Data were analysed according to the protocol of Tesch 1990 (in Creswell, 1994 : 155) and Bottorff (in Schurink & Poggenpoel, 1998 : 329) in analysing the videotape recordings. An independent coder helped in coding the results of videotapes. The researcher concluded from the results obtained from the fieldwork that psychiatric nurses are unable to facilitate interaction through assertive behaviour. This research was characterised by repetitive aggressive and passive behaviour of psychiatric nurses when in interaction with others. The result was validated through literature control. The major concept of the model was identified as "facilitation of continuous assertiveness" for psychiatric nurses. The concept was analysed thoroughly by looking at different dictionaries (see bibliography) and subject usage. The defining attributes were identified and synthesised through a definition. The other related concepts were identified and classified by using a survey list of Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968: 430). Step2 This step dealt with the creation of interrelationship statements between concepts identified in Step 1 so that concepts were able to stand in relation to one another. Step 3 This step dealt with the description of the model by using strategies proposed by Chinn and Kramer (1991 ). Step 4 This step dealt with the description of guidelines for model operationalisation in psychiatric nursing practice, psychiatric nursing education and psychiatric nursing research. The proposed model was evaluated by a panel of independent experts. To ensure valid results a model of trustworthiness proposed by Guba (Lincoln & Guba 1985) was used. The following criteria for trustworthiness were applied in all the steps of theory generation : truth-value, applicability, consistency and neutrality. Ethical measures were applied right through the research. An unique contribution in the model description is the facilitation of continuous assertiveness for psychiatric nurses by the advanced practitioner in psychiatric nursing.

D.Cur. / The goal of this research was to generate and describe a support approach for the advanced practitioner in psychiatric nursing to utilize for the neonatal intensive care nurse, working in a neonatal intensive care unit, in order to promote, to maintain and to restore mental health as integral part of health. Many changes occurred in the health care industry during the twentieth century. In South Africa, health care and social services that have developed, are grossly inefficient and inadequate. The Reconstruction and Development Program (R.D.P.), (1994:42-47), of the government of National Unity, designed therefore a number of programs to restructure the health care services , in order to contribute to the increasing prosperity and quality of life for all South Africans. Free health care has thus to be provided in the public sector for children under six, pregnant and nursing mothers. Free health care makes it more accessible for thousands of people who have avoided seeking help in the past, because of lack of funds. This large influx of patients to health facilities has placed a strain on staff, due to the increased workload. The neonatal intensive care nurses' workload and responsibilities have thus increased.

Bakgrund HBTQ+ personer får inte ett respektfullt och bra bemötande av vårdpersonal beroende på bristfällig kunskap. Studier visar att HBTQ+ personer är utsatta för hälsorelaterad diskriminering i större utsträckning än heterosexuella. Om bemötandet är felaktigt kan personerna senare välja att inte söka psykiatrisk vård. Om sjuksköterskan saknar relevant kompetens eller har felaktiga normer i bemötandet av denna grupp kan detta leda till lidande för personen och även leda till personens död. Syfte Syftet med studien är att beskriva HBTQ+ personers upplevelser av bemötandet från sjuksköterskan inom psykiatrisk vård. Metod En kvalitativ induktiv studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det var tio personer som identifierar sig som HBTQ+ personer som var med i studien. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes i analysen av data. Resultat Det fanns både bra och mindre bra bemötande. Faktorer för upplevelse av ett bra bemötande var bredare kunskap hos sjuksköterskan om HBTQ+ personer. Deltagarna i studien ansåg att de blev bättre bemötta av yngre sjuksköterskor jämfört med äldre. Pride-symboler hade en bra effekt på bemötandet genom att skapa en mer inkluderande känsla, då vårdinrättningen hade en tolerans för ökad öppenhet, något som gjorde att deltagarna vågade öppna sig för sjuksköterskan. Det var skillnader mellan mötet med sjuksköterskan i mindre och större städer. I mindre städer upplevde deltagarna en mindre förståelse som HBTQ+ person och möttes med mer fördomar och diskriminering. I större städer kände personerna sig mer nöjda i bemötandet av sjuksköterskan, som upplevdes ha större erfarenhet, mer öppenhet och en icke-heteronormativ inställning. Slutsats Personerna i studien blev överraskande bra bemötta av sjuksköterskan i den psykiatriska vården. / Background LGBT persons do not receive a good treatment by healthcare professionals due to insufficient knowledge. Studies indicate LGBT persons are exposed to health-related discrimination to a greater extent. If the treatment is incorrect, the persons may choose not to seek psychiatric care. If the nurse lacks relevant competence, this can lead to suffering for the person and also lead to the person's death. Aim LGBT persons' experience of personal interaction with a psychiatric nurse. Method A qualitative inductive study with semi-structured interviews. There were ten people who identified themselves as HBTQ + persons who participated in the study. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis of the data. Results There were both good and less good meetings. Important factors for creating a good meeting were broader knowledge about LGBT persons. Participants in the study felt they were better treated by younger nurses compared to older ones. Pride symbols had a good effect by creating a more inclusive feeling, in that the care focus had a tolerance for greater openness, something that made the participants dare to open up more easily to the nurse. There were differences between meeting with the nurse in smaller and larger cities. In smaller towns and cities, participants experienced a lesser understanding and was met with more prejudice and discrimination. In larger cities, patients felt more satisfied meeting with the nurse who showed a greater experience, more openness and had a non-heteronormative approach. Conclusion The participants described how they want to be treated individually, while at the same time being treated like everyone else.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relation är ett omfattande problem och drabbar 30 % av världens kvinnor. Våldsutsatta kvinnor drabbas ofta av psykisk ohälsa till följd av våldet och önskar ett gott empatiskt bemötande av hälso- och sjukvården. Sjuksköterskor upplever dock att de har för lite kunskap i ämnet och känner ofta en maktlöshet kring hur de ska kunna hjälpa på bästa sätt. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att vårda kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relation och som vårdas för psykisk ohälsa i en psykiatrisk kontext. Metod: Empirisk intervjustudie av sjuksköterskor som arbetar i psykiatrisk verksamhet har genomförts. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Berg (2009) användes för analys av data. Resultat: Resultatet beskriver hur sjuksköterskor upplever ett välbefinnande när de bidrar till kvinnans uppbrytande från den våldsamma relationen. Samtidigt finns upplevelser av att inte alltid kunna hjälpa vilket medför en känsla av maktlöshet, både personlig emotionell påverkan men även professionellt. Slutsats: I mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor uppstår många känslor hos sjuksköterskor och erfarenheten räcker inte alltid till. Utbildning och stöd bör finnas för att trygga sjuksköterskor i omhändertagandet av kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relation. / Background: Intimate partner violence is a major problem facing 30% of women worldwide. Women who are subjected to intimate partner violence are at risk of mental illness and experience empathic treatment as a valuable attribute for health professionals. Nurses feel that they do not have enough knowledge about the subject and often feel powerless over how they can best help.Aim: The purpose is to illustrate how nurses in psychiatric contexts experience the care of women with mental illness who are also subjected to intimate partner violence. Method: An empirical qualitative interview study was conducted with nurses working in psychiatric care. The data were analyzed using content analysis by Berg (2009). Result: The result describes how nurses experience well-being as they contribute to the woman leaving the violent relationship. At the same time there are experiences of not always being able to help, which results in feelings of powerlessness, both personal emotional but also professional. Conclusion: Nurses find that in encounters with women who are subjected to violence, many feelings arise and their experience is not always sufficient. Increased training and support should be provided for nurses in the care of women who are subjected to intimate partner violence.

Bakgrund Psykisk ohälsa är vanligt förekommande och kan uppvisas genom symtom som exempelvis ångest, oro, sömnproblem, stress och självmordstankar. Psykisk ohälsa kan tillsammans med ärftliga faktorer och livshändelser leda till att psykisk sjukdom utvecklas. Det finns fortfarande mycket fördomar och negativa attityder gentemot personer med psykisk sjukdom i samhället vilket bidrar till att många inte vågar tala om sin sjukdom. En förklaring till varför det finns negativa attityder gentemot personer med psykisk sjukdom är att människor ofta har en dålig kunskap om fenomenet och därför blir rädda för det som är främmande. Sjuksköterskestudenter delar ofta denna allmänna uppfattning gentemot personer med psykisk sjukdom. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva attityder till psykisk sjukdom samt psykiatrisk vård före, under och efter den kliniska utbildningen inom psykiatrin hos sjuksköterskestudenter i Sverige. Metod För att kunna besvara syftet valdes metoden kvalitativ forskningsintervju med deskriptiv design. Sex intervjuer genomfördes med sjuksköterskestudenter som studerade på ett sjuksköterskeprogram vid en högskola i Stockholm. Resultat Flertalet av de intervjuade sjuksköterskestudenterna beskrev att de upplevde att det fanns fördomar mot de psykiskt sjuka både i samhället i stort och inom vården. Studenterna beskrev att de fått erfarenheter av att det var viktigt i samvaron med patienten att fokusera på det friska, inte enbart det sjuka. Alla de intervjuade sjuksköterskestudenterna beskrev att de efter kursen i klinisk psykiatri har fått en ökad kunskap om psykisk sjukdom vilket lett till en positivare attityd, bättre förståelse samt bättre bemötande. Det framkom även att sjuksköterskestudenterna kunde tänka sig att arbeta inom psykiatrisk vård i framtiden, vilket inte fanns några planer kring innan kursen. Slutsats Klinisk utbildning inom psykiatri har en betydande roll vad det gäller förändringen av sjuksköterskestudenters uppfattning och attityd till personer med psykisk sjukdom samt psykiatrisk vård.

Bakgrund: Psykisk lidande kan leda till situationer där patienter vårdas mot sin vilja.  Autonomin blir begränsad vilket kan medföra hotfulla situationer som i sin tur präglar vårdrelationen. När detta inträffar är det av stor betydelse att ha en bra kommunikation och respektfullt bemötande i kontakten med patienten. Vid tvångsvård kan patienter känna sig övergivna och osäker då vissa av deras rättigheterna blir borttagen. Med hänsyn till detta borde det läggas vikt på hur patienter blir bemött under denna speciella tiden, där tvångsvård pågår.  Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelse av vårdpersonalens bemötande under tvångsvård  Metod: Litteraturöversikt utifrån sju kvalitativa artiklar och en med en mixad metod. En integrerad analys genomfördes för att kunna besvara arbetens syfte.  Resultat: Analysen av patienters upplevelse av vårdpersonalens bemötande under tvångsvård resulterade i två teman: Olämplig bemötande och holistisk bemötande. Tema Olämpligt bemötande består av kategorierna Maktutövande attityder och Bristande kommunikation. Tema Holistiskt bemötande består av kategorierna Empatiskt professionellt förhållningssätt och Människan bakom patientrollen. Slutsats: Bemötande av patienter under tvångsvård påverkas av vårdpersonalens attityd. Maktutövande attityder och bristfällig kommunikation leder till att patienter känner sig förolämpade och inte delaktiga i sin vårdprocess. Patienter uppskattar omtänksamhet. Underlåtelsen av små handlingar som tillgodoser basala grundbehov påverkar dock patienters välmående negativ. Ett empatiskt professionellt förhållningssätt vägleder vårdpersonalen till att se människan bakom patientrollen. Kunskap i området anses i dagsläget som otillfredsställande och borde behöva uppmärksammas i det dagliga arbetet för att öka vårdkvaliteten inom psykiatrisk omvårdnad. / Background: Mental illness can lead to situations where  patients are cared for against their will. Autonomy becomes limited, and this can lead to threatening situations which in turn characterize the care relationship. When this occurs, it is of great importance to maintain  good communication and provide respectful contact to the patient. In case of involuntary treatment, the patients may feel abandoned and insecure when some of their rights are removed. With this in mind, emphasis should be placed on how patients are treated under this abnormal condition, when  involuntary treatment is ongoing.  Aim: To describe patient`s experiences of healthcare staff's attitudes during involuntary treatment.  Method Literature review based on seven qualitative articles and a mixed method. An integrated analysis was conducted to answer the question related to the issue.  Results: An analysis of  patients` experience of  healthcare staff`s attitudes during involuntary treatment resulted in two themes: Inappropriate treatment and Holistic treatment. The theme of Inappropriate treatment consists of the categories Powerful Attitudes and Lack of Communication. The theme of Holistic treatment consists of the categories Empathic professional approach and the human being behind the patient role. Conclusion The treatment of patient`s during involuntary treatment is influenced by the attitude of the healthcare staff. Attitudes of exercise of power and inadequate communication have led patient`s to feel insulted and not involved in their care process. Patient`s appreciated  consideration. However, the neglect of small actions which addressed their basic needs, affected the patients´ wellbeing negatively. An empathetic professional approach led healthcare staff to see the human being behind the patient role. The knowledge in this domain is currently unsatisfactory and in order to improve the quality of psychiatric nursing, attention needs to be paid to this in the daily work.

At the conclusion of this session, the participant will be able to: Articulate ways that we all – across a myriad of guildmemberships, license-types, and field/practice orientations – can do better work when we work together

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