This dissertation explores the socio-cultural and institutional environment of the public sector organizations of Mongolia that have strong influence on current public administration reform results. This study applies the Cultural theory and Value theory. The strong hierarchy favoring rule-bounded behavior and collectivism, fatalism accepting an authority as inevitable and uncontrollable, and individualism wishing to have control over own actions are the types of culture common in Mongolian public sector organizations. Accordingly, Mongolian public sector employees transcending their selfish interests, emphasize the well-being of others, protection of order, harmony in relations, life safety and stability. Then self-direction values with emphases on independent thought and action, and creativity are important for them. This socio-cultural context has great implication for work behavior of public employees, for their action to implement the reform policies in government organizations. Thus, the institutional leadership, which produces and protects values, becomes essential for introducing changes in the existing intuitional environment. / Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das sozio-kulturelle und institutionelle Umfeld der Organisationen des öffentlichen Sektors in der Mongolei, das signifikante Einflüsse auf die aktuellen Reformbemühungen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung hat. Die Studie stützt sich auf die Kultur- und Werttheorie. Die regelkonforme Verhaltensweise, Gemeinschaftsfavorisierende strenge Hierarchie, die fatalistische Annahme einer Autorität als unvermeidlich und unkontrollierbar sowie ein auf möglichst eigenständige Entscheidung und Meinungsbildung angestrebter Individualismus sind die weitverbreiteten kulturellen Verhaltensformen bei den Organisationen des öffentlichen Sektors der Mongolei. Dementsprechend streben die Beschäftigten des öffentlichen Dienstes uneigennützig das Wohlergehen der Bevölkerung, die Einhaltung der öffentlichen Regeln, die einvernehmlichen Beziehungen der Menschen zueinander sowie die Sicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit des Lebens an. Bestimmte Wertvorstellungen zur Selbstbestimmung, wie persönliche Geisteshaltung, eigenständiges Handeln sowie Kreativität sind für sie sehr wichtig. Dieser sozio- kulturelle Kontext hat große Auswirkungen auf das Arbeitsverhalten und auf die Aktivitäten der Beschäftigten des öffentlichen Dienstes zur Umsetzung von Reformen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Daher ist eine institutionelle Führung als Förderer und Beschützer von Wertesystemen bei der Umsetzung von Reformen in den hiesigen Institutionen unerlässlich.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo resgatar e analisar a trajetória de implementação e os principais desdobramentos do Programa de Avaliação de Desempenho vigente no Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A relevância do estudo se apoia na atualidade do tema e no papel social desta Instituição no cenário do estado em relação à gestão pública. A questão orientadora do estudo propôs a identificação de aspectos referentes à experiência deste órgão na construção das atuais políticas e práticas de gestão do desempenho, sistematizando o legado deste Programa para a Instituição. A metodologia se apoiou na realização de um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo, abarcando o período de existência do Programa, desde sua criação, em 2006, até o ano de 2016, em uma análise longitudinal. De maneira a abarcar os aspectos teóricos, fáticos e críticos desta realidade, foram pesquisados elementos contextuais, humanos, teóricos e legais que contribuíram para a proposição de tal Programa. Como procedimentos para coleta de dados, realizou-se análise documental, a observação participante, além de entrevistas com pessoas-fonte, vinculadas à trajetória do Programa desde sua concepção. A revisão da literatura contemplou as transformações da administração pública brasileira, a gestão do desempenho, a meritocracia e a gestão por competências, com levantamento tanto de trabalhos clássicos nestas áreas como de estudos mais recentes sobre o tema nas bases de dados de trabalhos científicos e acadêmicos. Como principais conclusões, o estudo destaca a iniciativa dos gestores da Instituição à época, propondo um Programa inovador do ponto de vista das instituições públicas, evidenciando que, quando de sua implementação, o Programa causou reações semelhantes às comumente descritas na literatura no que se refere ao receio dos servidores em relação às consequências do processo de avaliação. O levantamento de dados apontou que o Programa já passou por algumas transformações ao longo de sua trajetória e está atualmente inserido na rotina e cultura institucionais. Os entrevistados foram unânimes em reconhecer o legado positivo do Programa analisado, o que afirma a importância de sua existência; contudo foram identificados alguns indicativos de que o Programa ainda necessitaria passar por revisões e ajustes para uma melhor efetivação de seus objetivos e adequação da cultura institucional. E tratando de instituição pública, a revisão da evolução da legislação vigente ao longo dos anos, juntamente com os respectivos registros documentais internos, foram de grande valia ao traçar paralelos com a produção teórica e acadêmica acerca da temática. / The purpose of this research was to retrieve and analyze the implementation path and main outcomes of the Performance Management Program of the Audit State Court of Rio Grande do Sul. The relevance of the study is based on the current theme and on the social role of this Institution in the state scenario in relation to public management. The guiding question of the study proposed the identification of aspects related to the experience of this government office in the construction of the current policies and practices of performance management, systematizing the legacy of this Program to the Institution. The methodology was based on a qualitative case study, covering the period of existence of the Program, from its inception in 2006, through 2016, in a longitudinal analysis. To encompass the theoretical, factual and critical aspects of this reality, contextual, human, theoretical and legal elements that contributed to the proposal of such a Program were researched. As procedures for data collection, documentary analysis, participant observation, and interviews with relevant people were carried out, linked to the trajectory of the Program since its conception. The literature review included changes in Brazilian public administration, performance management, meritocracy, and competency management, with a review of both classical works in these areas and more recent studies on the subject in the databases of scientific and academic works. As main conclusions, the study highlights the initiative of the Institution's managers at the time, proposing an innovative Program from the point of view of public institutions, showing that, when implemented, the Program caused similar reactions to those commonly described in the literature regarding to the fear of the employees regarding the consequences of the evaluation process. The data collection pointed out that the Program has undergone some transformations throughout its trajectory and is currently inserted in institutional routine and culture. The interviewees were unanimous in recognizing the positive legacy of the Program under review, which affirms the importance of their existence; however, some indicators were identified that the Program would still need to undergo revisions and adjustments to the better achievement of its objectives and adequacy of the institutional culture. As a public institution, the review of the evolution of the legislation over the years, together with the respective internal documentary records, was of great value in drawing parallels with the theoretical and academic production on the subject.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo resgatar e analisar a trajetória de implementação e os principais desdobramentos do Programa de Avaliação de Desempenho vigente no Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A relevância do estudo se apoia na atualidade do tema e no papel social desta Instituição no cenário do estado em relação à gestão pública. A questão orientadora do estudo propôs a identificação de aspectos referentes à experiência deste órgão na construção das atuais políticas e práticas de gestão do desempenho, sistematizando o legado deste Programa para a Instituição. A metodologia se apoiou na realização de um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo, abarcando o período de existência do Programa, desde sua criação, em 2006, até o ano de 2016, em uma análise longitudinal. De maneira a abarcar os aspectos teóricos, fáticos e críticos desta realidade, foram pesquisados elementos contextuais, humanos, teóricos e legais que contribuíram para a proposição de tal Programa. Como procedimentos para coleta de dados, realizou-se análise documental, a observação participante, além de entrevistas com pessoas-fonte, vinculadas à trajetória do Programa desde sua concepção. A revisão da literatura contemplou as transformações da administração pública brasileira, a gestão do desempenho, a meritocracia e a gestão por competências, com levantamento tanto de trabalhos clássicos nestas áreas como de estudos mais recentes sobre o tema nas bases de dados de trabalhos científicos e acadêmicos. Como principais conclusões, o estudo destaca a iniciativa dos gestores da Instituição à época, propondo um Programa inovador do ponto de vista das instituições públicas, evidenciando que, quando de sua implementação, o Programa causou reações semelhantes às comumente descritas na literatura no que se refere ao receio dos servidores em relação às consequências do processo de avaliação. O levantamento de dados apontou que o Programa já passou por algumas transformações ao longo de sua trajetória e está atualmente inserido na rotina e cultura institucionais. Os entrevistados foram unânimes em reconhecer o legado positivo do Programa analisado, o que afirma a importância de sua existência; contudo foram identificados alguns indicativos de que o Programa ainda necessitaria passar por revisões e ajustes para uma melhor efetivação de seus objetivos e adequação da cultura institucional. E tratando de instituição pública, a revisão da evolução da legislação vigente ao longo dos anos, juntamente com os respectivos registros documentais internos, foram de grande valia ao traçar paralelos com a produção teórica e acadêmica acerca da temática. / The purpose of this research was to retrieve and analyze the implementation path and main outcomes of the Performance Management Program of the Audit State Court of Rio Grande do Sul. The relevance of the study is based on the current theme and on the social role of this Institution in the state scenario in relation to public management. The guiding question of the study proposed the identification of aspects related to the experience of this government office in the construction of the current policies and practices of performance management, systematizing the legacy of this Program to the Institution. The methodology was based on a qualitative case study, covering the period of existence of the Program, from its inception in 2006, through 2016, in a longitudinal analysis. To encompass the theoretical, factual and critical aspects of this reality, contextual, human, theoretical and legal elements that contributed to the proposal of such a Program were researched. As procedures for data collection, documentary analysis, participant observation, and interviews with relevant people were carried out, linked to the trajectory of the Program since its conception. The literature review included changes in Brazilian public administration, performance management, meritocracy, and competency management, with a review of both classical works in these areas and more recent studies on the subject in the databases of scientific and academic works. As main conclusions, the study highlights the initiative of the Institution's managers at the time, proposing an innovative Program from the point of view of public institutions, showing that, when implemented, the Program caused similar reactions to those commonly described in the literature regarding to the fear of the employees regarding the consequences of the evaluation process. The data collection pointed out that the Program has undergone some transformations throughout its trajectory and is currently inserted in institutional routine and culture. The interviewees were unanimous in recognizing the positive legacy of the Program under review, which affirms the importance of their existence; however, some indicators were identified that the Program would still need to undergo revisions and adjustments to the better achievement of its objectives and adequacy of the institutional culture. As a public institution, the review of the evolution of the legislation over the years, together with the respective internal documentary records, was of great value in drawing parallels with the theoretical and academic production on the subject.

Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles Sandoval / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:43:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Granzotto_TaniaMaria_D.pdf: 3345125 bytes, checksum: 2f126a84b10f71f0ae27c1952e30dc63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa os movimentos sindicais nas Universidades Estaduais Paulistas ocorridos desde o final dos anos 1970 até 2008. O objetivo da pesquisa, além do resgate histórico das paralisações e greves ocorridas, foi também o de analisar o atual processo de desmobilização das categorias de docentes e de funcionários nestas universidades. Para tanto, buscamos conhecer e compreender o sindicalismo praticado pelas Entidades Sindicais ao longo dos anos. As transformações no mundo do trabalho oriundas do neoliberalismo, o qual levou à conseqüente Reforma do Estado nos anos 1990, promoveram a implementação de ações neoliberais nas universidades públicas e no ensino superior, bem como a mudança do perfil das categorias. Esses e outros fatores vêm dificultando profundamente a mobilização coletiva, tanto da categoria dos docentes, quanto da categoria dos funcionários. / Abstract: This research analyzes the strikes of the public universities of the state of São Paulo that occurred between the decade of 1970 until 2008. The objective of this study, besides the historical account of strikes and work stoppages, was also to understand how the actual process of demobilization of the categories of employees and professors started at these universities. To this, and we aimed at a deeper knowledge and understanding of the working-class union movements over the years. The transformations in the work place derived from economic neoliberalism, which took Brazil to the 1990's the Reform State , lead the implementation of neoliberal changes in the public colleges. These factors have been hampering at the collective mobilization, as much as for the professors' category, as for the employees' category. / Doutorado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Doutor em Educação

Este trabalho estuda a implantação da responsabilidade dos empregados públicos no Brasil entre 1826, início da primeira legislatura do parlamento brasileiro, e 1832, data da sanção do Código de Processo Criminal de Primeira Instância. O estabelecimento da responsabilidade foi escolhido para ser o primeiro debate do parlamento brasileiro. Isso se deu, conforme buscamos demonstrar, pela importância dada ao instituto como parte do estabelecimento de uma ordem constitucional, mas principalmente por ser um mecanismo que permitia realizar um ajuste na distribuição de poderes realizada pela Carta de 1824, já que responsabilizar os empregados públicos, especialmente os ministros, era um meio eficiente diminuir os poderes do coroa, ampliando os do parlamento. Buscamos mostrar que, dentro do processo de construção desse instituto, duas questões merecem destaque. A primeira é a responsabilidade dos ministros, que tinha um caráter especial por ser um pilar constitutivo fundamental das monarquias constitucionais. O segundo era a responsabilização dos magistrados, movimento que correspondia a um forte reclamo por diminuir as prerrogativas interpretativas dos juízes. A tese aborda de maneira detalhada, através dos debates parlamentares, os três momentos de construção da responsabilidade, a discussão e aprovação da Lei de Responsabilidade dos Ministros e Conselheiros de Estado, entre 1826 e 1827; do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça do Império, entre 1827 e 1828; e a construção dos códigos criminal e de processo criminal, entre 1826 e 1832. / This thesis studies the implementation of public employees accountability in Brazil between the beginning of the Brazilian parliament, in 1826, and the sanction of the Criminal Procedure Code of First Instance, in 1832. The establishment of the accountability has been chosen as the first debate of the Brazilian parliament. This happened, as we seek to demonstrate, due to the importance given to the institute as part of the establishment of a constitutional order, but mainly because it was a mechanism that allowed an adjustment in the distribution of powers already foreseen by the Charter of 1824 since the accountability of public servants, especially ministers, was an efficient way to diminish the powers of the crown, thus expanding the powers of parliament. We seek to show that, in the process of construction of this institute, two issues deserve attention. The first is the liability of ministers, a fundamental constitutive pillar of constitutional monarchies. The second was the accountability of judges, which diminished the interpretive prerogatives of judges. This thesis discusses in detail, through parliamentary debates, the three stages of construction of the accountability. The discussion and approval of the Law of Responsibility for Ministers and Counselors of State, between 1826 and 1827; for the Supreme Court of Justice of the Empire, between 1827 and 1828; and the making of the criminal code, between 1826 and 1832.

The well-known outcome of the 1988 federal election – a Conservative Party majority in Parliament and an effective “yes” to the question of whether or not the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States was desired – tends to obscure the importance of the process by which a large non-party based opposition movement sought to cultivate and organize the public’s understanding of the election’s central premise. While the opposition movement failed to have Prime Minister Brian Mulroney removed from power, the discursive process that the movement both created and was the driving force behind, is key to understanding the historical context of the debate over free trade itself. This thesis will illustrate that there existed a discursive process amongst the efforts of the anti-free trade movement from 1985-1988 to cultivate, organize, and mobilize public opposition to Mulroney’s neo-liberal economic policies, through re-framing those objections into a larger and more deeply-rooted Canadian historical narrative. A discourse analysis was conducted using the various public education materials produced by major anti-free trade civil society organizations in Canada. The examination of that discourse revealed three major stages in the overall process: First, organizations relied heavily on classic paradigms of an anti-continentalist narrative to reinforce what was different between the two countries creating an us and them paradigm and building a case for Canadian exceptionalism. Second, there was an intensification of the us and them language into a more defined us versus them, or them against us, dichotomy. Third, the anti-free trade movement sought to effectively translate the previously established civic opposition into pragmatic political action in preparation for a national election campaign. The results show that there was an evolution in the ways members of the civil society opposition framed and evolved their arguments in order to turn their “issues” into more of a “crisis.” By employing (and expanding on) discursive tools used within that public narrative to generate fear of the other to validate illusions of self, and to construct believable threats to the collective, the more “micro” discussion over the growing pervasiveness of neo-liberalism took on a hyper-nationalistic and symbolic routine, one that mirrored the iconic political and electoral debates in 1891 and 1911, both of which had also been based upon the potential for free trade with the United States. Most of all, the evidence points to a popular opposition movement against free trade, which not only significantly pre-dated the official political opposition, but in some respects created its message and focus.

The well-known outcome of the 1988 federal election – a Conservative Party majority in Parliament and an effective “yes” to the question of whether or not the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States was desired – tends to obscure the importance of the process by which a large non-party based opposition movement sought to cultivate and organize the public’s understanding of the election’s central premise. While the opposition movement failed to have Prime Minister Brian Mulroney removed from power, the discursive process that the movement both created and was the driving force behind, is key to understanding the historical context of the debate over free trade itself. This thesis will illustrate that there existed a discursive process amongst the efforts of the anti-free trade movement from 1985-1988 to cultivate, organize, and mobilize public opposition to Mulroney’s neo-liberal economic policies, through re-framing those objections into a larger and more deeply-rooted Canadian historical narrative. A discourse analysis was conducted using the various public education materials produced by major anti-free trade civil society organizations in Canada. The examination of that discourse revealed three major stages in the overall process: First, organizations relied heavily on classic paradigms of an anti-continentalist narrative to reinforce what was different between the two countries creating an us and them paradigm and building a case for Canadian exceptionalism. Second, there was an intensification of the us and them language into a more defined us versus them, or them against us, dichotomy. Third, the anti-free trade movement sought to effectively translate the previously established civic opposition into pragmatic political action in preparation for a national election campaign. The results show that there was an evolution in the ways members of the civil society opposition framed and evolved their arguments in order to turn their “issues” into more of a “crisis.” By employing (and expanding on) discursive tools used within that public narrative to generate fear of the other to validate illusions of self, and to construct believable threats to the collective, the more “micro” discussion over the growing pervasiveness of neo-liberalism took on a hyper-nationalistic and symbolic routine, one that mirrored the iconic political and electoral debates in 1891 and 1911, both of which had also been based upon the potential for free trade with the United States. Most of all, the evidence points to a popular opposition movement against free trade, which not only significantly pre-dated the official political opposition, but in some respects created its message and focus.

The well-known outcome of the 1988 federal election – a Conservative Party majority in Parliament and an effective “yes” to the question of whether or not the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States was desired – tends to obscure the importance of the process by which a large non-party based opposition movement sought to cultivate and organize the public’s understanding of the election’s central premise. While the opposition movement failed to have Prime Minister Brian Mulroney removed from power, the discursive process that the movement both created and was the driving force behind, is key to understanding the historical context of the debate over free trade itself. This thesis will illustrate that there existed a discursive process amongst the efforts of the anti-free trade movement from 1985-1988 to cultivate, organize, and mobilize public opposition to Mulroney’s neo-liberal economic policies, through re-framing those objections into a larger and more deeply-rooted Canadian historical narrative. A discourse analysis was conducted using the various public education materials produced by major anti-free trade civil society organizations in Canada. The examination of that discourse revealed three major stages in the overall process: First, organizations relied heavily on classic paradigms of an anti-continentalist narrative to reinforce what was different between the two countries creating an us and them paradigm and building a case for Canadian exceptionalism. Second, there was an intensification of the us and them language into a more defined us versus them, or them against us, dichotomy. Third, the anti-free trade movement sought to effectively translate the previously established civic opposition into pragmatic political action in preparation for a national election campaign. The results show that there was an evolution in the ways members of the civil society opposition framed and evolved their arguments in order to turn their “issues” into more of a “crisis.” By employing (and expanding on) discursive tools used within that public narrative to generate fear of the other to validate illusions of self, and to construct believable threats to the collective, the more “micro” discussion over the growing pervasiveness of neo-liberalism took on a hyper-nationalistic and symbolic routine, one that mirrored the iconic political and electoral debates in 1891 and 1911, both of which had also been based upon the potential for free trade with the United States. Most of all, the evidence points to a popular opposition movement against free trade, which not only significantly pre-dated the official political opposition, but in some respects created its message and focus.