The word infection is a term which causes uncertainty among people. After all, it is not too long ago when people were dying in pandemics of plague, cholera or influenza. A human can be infected by viruses, bacteria, fungal organisms or parasites, many of which can infect several animal species. Diseases transmissible from animals to humans are called zoonoses. For efficient surveillance of zoonoses the cooperation of both veterinary and hygienic services is required. Its aim is timely detection and elimination of infection sources. It is based primarily on pointed veterinary and hygienic-epidemiological surveillance. In this thesis, I focused on the importance of collaboration of veterinary and public health services in the prevention of infectious diseases. One of the objectives of this work is to compare the occurrence of selected human zoonosis diseases in South Bohemia in the years 2002-2010. The second objective is to compare the extent of anti-epidemic measures adopted by veterinary services and public health authorities. In this thesis, a qualitative-quantitative research was utilized. The research aimed to determine the importance of cooperation of public health authorities and veterinary services in the prevention of infectious diseases. The quantitative part of the survey was conducted through the method of secondary data analysis. In the qualitative part of the survey, a semi-structured interview was held with the head of the epidemiology department of the District Hygienic Station of České Budějovice and with the director of the Regional Veterinary Administration for the South Bohemian Region. On the basis of the results of the research and implemented interviews I came to this conclusion: 1) The co-operation during the transmission of infectious diseases is ensured sufficiently. 2) The range of anti-epidemic measures adopted in the veterinary field and in the field of public health is sufficient. This thesis can serve as an educational material for students studying Bachelor or Master Degree of public health protection, because as public health service employees they will deal with issues related to veterinary supervision in practice.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka var studenter inhämtar information om coronarestriktionerna samt deras förtroende gentemot olika medier och medieaktörer. Studien tillämpar en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en deduktiv ansats. Populationen avser studenter vid universitet och högskola mellan 18 - 40+ år. Data har samlats in via en webbaserad enkät. Enkäten resulterade i 135 godtagbara svar som har analyserats med hjälp av Google forms. Studiens resultat visar att studenterna huvudsakligen inhämtar information om coronarestriktionerna genom journalistiska nyhetsmedier. Folkhälsomyndigheten är det mest trovärdiga källan i frågan, medan studenterna hade lägst förtroende för influencers. För ett mer trovärdigt resultat hade det krävts fler respondenter i undersökningen. Studien bidrar till teoretisk kunskap angående studenternas val av medier och medieaktörer i rapporteringen om coronarestriktionerna. Studien bidrar även till en generell uppfattning om studenternas förtroende för olika medier och medieaktörer. Vidare forskning föreslås undersöka om dessa attityder gentemot medier och medieaktörer återspeglar deras beteenden. Det hade även varit intressant att studera andra grupper samt ta hänsyn till andra variabler som kan tänkas vara bakomliggande orsaker till val av medier och medieaktörer under en samhällskris. / The aim of this essay is to investigate where students obtain information about the coronarestrictions and how they rely on different media and media actors in the matter.  The study applies a quantitative research method with a deductive approach. Data were collected through a web-based survey and was answered by 135 students aged 18 - 41+. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 17 questions regarding the students' collection of information about the coronarestrictions. Collection of information regarding the coronarestrictions takes place mainly through journalistic news media. The public health authority information about the coronarestrictions proved to be the most credible source among the students. The results also showed that influencers were the least reliable. The conclusion of the study is not completely credible. The study required more extensive answers.  This contributes to a lack of factors which leads to the result of the study not being enough. The study contributes to theoretical knowledge about students' collection of information in the media about the coronarestrictions. The choice of media actors and attitudes towards them. Further research is suggested to investigate whether these attitudes towards the media and media actors reflect their behavior. It would also have been interesting to study other groups and take into account other variables that may be underlying reasons for the choice of media and media actors during a societal crisis.

Abstrakt: År 2019 rapporterar media att ett nytt virus har tagit fart i Kina. Därefter kommer även utlåtanden från myndigheter, det har konstaterats att ett nytt virus som liknar lunginflammation börjat spridas i en matmarknad i Wuhan. När allvaret med virussjukdomen kontaterats hade viruset fått en snabb spridning till stora delar av världen. Myndigheter gick ut med rekommendationer för att minska smittspridning bland riskgrupper. De som tillhörde riskgrupperna var främst äldre och och multisjuka individer. Folkhälsomyndigheten i Sverige gick ut med rekommendationer till personer över 70 år. rekommendationerna uppmanade till social distansering. Bakgrund: Att bearbeta information och olika rekommendationer från myndigheter kan vara svårt och ibland skrämmande. Människor kan ha utvecklat en misstro för olika myndigheter. Det kan även finnas svårigheter att nå ut med en tydlig och innehållsrik information som alla förstår. Erfarenheterna av att leva efter rekommendationerna kan vara olika. Motiv: Motiv för denna studie är att ta reda på mer om erfarenheter hos äldre personer av att leva efter rekommendationer som kan innebära förändringar i vardagen. hur påverkas de äldre? Metod:Studien är kvalitativ. Semistrukturerade intervjuer analyseras med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Förhållningssättet är manifest med latent innehåll. Resultat: Resulterade i 3 kategorier: Att försöka ta till sig och förstå information, att anpassa sitt liv efter rekommendationerna samt att hälsan påverkas. Konklusion: Deltagarna upplevde diskriminering samt en påtaglig ensamhet när de förhöll sig till rekommendationerna. Specialistsjuksköterskan inom vård av äldre bör fånga upp dessa känslor på ett adekvat sätt för att kontruera passande omvårdnadsåtgärder för den äldre personen. / Abstact: Year 2019 media reports that a new virus began spreading in China. Thereafter authorities report of a new virus resembling  pneumonia began spreading from a food market in Wuhan. When the seriousness of the virus-based disease was established, the virus already spread to large portion of the world. Authorities published recommendations to stop the spread among risk groups. Those belonging to a risk group segment were predominantly elderly and multimorbid individuals. The Swedish public health authority published recommendations to individuals 70 years or older. Recommendations called for social distancing. Background: Processing information and recommendations from authorities can be difficult and sometimes daunting. People can develop a distrust toward authorities. There are also challenges reaching out with clear and rich content that everyone can understand. Experience abinding recommendations can vary. Motive: The motive of this study is to know more of the experience of elderly individuals abinding recommendations that can mean changes in these individuals´daily life. How are the elderly affected? Purpose: Eldrely individuals´experience abinding the public health authority recommendations during the pandemic Covid-19 and its effect on health. Method: The study is qualitative. By analysing semi-structured interviews with qualitative content analysis. The approach is manifest with latent content. Result: Results in 3 categories: To try gather and understand information, to adapt one´s life abinding recommendations and how health is affected. This resulted in 10 subcategories. Conclusion: Participans experienced discrimination due to age and a palpable sense of loneliness while abinding recommendations. Nurses working within geriatric care should pic up such sediments in an adequate fashion to construct appropiate care messures for the elderly individual.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate control activities of selected supervisory authorities in a sphere of consumer protection and to find the opinions and attitudes of selected business entities on supervisory authorities' activities. The thesis includes a questionnaire survey among consumers and controlled in-depth interviews both with business entities and with supervisory authorities. The questionnaire survey confirms or rejects hypotheses of the thesis. Controlled in-depth interviews with selected supervisory authorities focused on their controlling activities. Managed in-depth interviews with business entities aimed to find out their views and attitudes towards supervisory authorities, as well as to identify a scope and a process of controls carried out by supervisory authorities. The thesis further outline how the selected supervisory authorities could evaluate their work with consumers. Changes are mainly concerned with informing consumers of suitable and unsuitable business premises.

Covid-19 pandemin har påverkat många länder runt om i världen. Folkhälsomyndigheten i Sverige införde restriktioner och rekommendationer för att skydda samhällets befolkning från att smittas av viruset. I samband med pandemin har det uppkommit ett överflöd av nyheter gällande covid-19 inom både traditionella och digitala medier. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om Folkhälsomyndigheten har påverkats utifrån de olika nyhetsmedier som informerat om covid-19 men även om det finns ett samband mellan studiens fynd och Folkhälsomyndighetens kommunikationsinsatser. Studien har använt sig av source credibility (Hovland et al. 1953) och media credibility (Westley & Severin, 1964; W.Roper, 1959; Bucy, 2003) teorierna som teoretiskt ramverk, relevanta forskningsstudier inom trovärdighet och medier och Folkhälsomyndighetens pandemiberedskapsrapport. Det empiriska underlaget i studien utgår från tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomförts med respondenter inom två åldersgrupper, 20–25 år och 65–70 år. Det har genomförts en tematisk analys för att hitta likheter och skillnader mellan respondenternas svar vilket utformat teman, public service och trovärdighet, nyhetskomsumption, källhänvisning och trovärdighet, språk och det visuella i samband med trovärdighet, respondenternas bild av Folkhälsomyndigheten, massinformation, Folkhälsomyndighetens påverkan av nyhetsmedier, digitala och traditionella medier och Folkhälsomyndighetens expertis. Studiens resultat visar att det uppkommer en svårighet med att mäta respondenternas trovärdighet till Folkhälsomyndigheten genom nyhetsmedier då det uppkommer andra faktorer som är mer påtagliga än faktorerna expertis och tillförlitlighet inom source- och media credibility teorierna. Dessa faktorer är respondenternas livsstil, vanor, journalistik, visuell påverkan, källhänvisning och public service. Det fanns samband med faktorerna och Folkhälsomyndigheternas sex kommunikationsstrategier och genom att myndigheten tar hänsyn till åldersgruppernas faktorer för trovärdighet kan det gynna deras risk- och konsekvensbedömningar inom kommunikationsarbetet inför kommande pandemier. Slutsatsen är att Folkhälsomyndighetens bild inte har påverkats av nyhetsmedierna. Digitala och traditionella medier har inte varit avgörande för respondenternas uppfattning av Folkhälsomyndighetens trovärdighet. Studien belyser även komplexiteten med trovärdighetsbedömningar då respondenterna hade svårigheter med att särskilja avsändaren, meddelandet och mediet. / The Covid-19 pandemic has affected many countries around the world. The Swedish Public Health Agency introduced restrictions and recommendations to protect society's population from being infected by the virus. In connection with the pandemic, there has been an abundance of news regarding covid-19 in both traditional and digital media. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the Swedish Public Health Agency has been affected based on the various news media that informed about covid-19, but also whether there is a connection between the study's findings and the Swedish Public Health Agency's communication efforts. The study has used the source credibility (Hovland et al. 1953) and media credibility (Westley & Severin, 1964; W. Roper, 1959; Bucy, 2003) theories as a theoretical framework, relevant research studies in credibility, media and the Public Health Agency's pandemic preparedness report. The empirical basis of the study is based on twelve semi-structured interviews conducted with respondents in two age groups, 20–25 years and 65–70 years. A thematic analysis has been carried out to find similarities and differences between the respondents 'answers, which designed themes, public service and credibility, news consumption, source reference and credibility, language and the visual in connection with credibility, respondents' image of the Public Health Agency, mass information, Public Health Agency's influence on news media, digital and traditional media, and the Swedish Public Health Agency's expertise. The results of the study show that there is a difficulty in measuring the respondents' credibility to the Public Health Agency through news media as other factors arise that are more obvious than the factors expertise and reliability within the source and media credibility theories. These factors are the respondents' lifestyle, habits, journalism, visual impact, source reference and public service. There were connections with the factors and the Public Health Authorities 'six communication strategies, and by the authority considering the age groups' factors for credibility, it can benefit their risk and impact assessments in the communication work before future pandemics. The conclusion is that the Public Health Agency's image has not been influenced by the news media. Digital and traditional media have not been decisive for the respondents' perception of the Public Health Agency's credibility. The study also highlights the complexity of credibility assessments as respondents had difficulty distinguishing between sender, message and medium.