A new centrifugal pump has been devised to handle two-phase flow. However, it requires full scale testing to allow further development. Testing is required to verify performance and to gain information needed to apply this design in the field. Further, testing will allow mathematical models to be validated which will allow increased understanding of the pump's behavior. To perform this testing, a new facility was designed and constructed. This facility consists of a closed flow loop. The pump is supplied by separate air and water inlet flows that mix just before entering the pump. These flows can be controlled to give a desired gas volume fraction and overall flow rate. The pump outlet flows into a tank which separates the fluids allowing them to re-circulate. Operating inlet pressures of up to three hundred PSIG will be used with a flow rate of twelve hundred gallons per minute. A two-hundred fifty horsepower electric motor is used to power the pump. The loop is equipped with instrumentation to measure temperature, pressure, flow rate, pump speed, pump shaft horsepower, shaft torque, and shaft axial load. The pump itself has a clear inlet section and a clear section allowing visualization of the second stage volute interior as well as numerous pressure taps along the second stage volute. This instrumentation is sufficient to completely characterize the pump. Design and construction details are provided as well as a history of the initial operating experiences and data collected. A discussion of lessons learned is given in the conclusions. Future projects intended to use this facility are also given. Finally, detailed design drawings are supplied as well as operating instructions and checklists.

Idag fokuserar företag mer och mer på att energieffektivisera sina verksamheter då det finns både ekonomiska och miljömässiga vinster i detta. För att minska energiförbrukningen i samhället är det bra att börja med dess infrastruktur. För att funktionen hos ett avloppsreningsverk ska vara god samtidigt som energikostnaderna hålls nere är bland annat valet av rätt pumpar och blåsmaskiner för den aktuella driftsituationen av största vikt. Att hitta balansen mellan funktion och energieffektivitet hos en kombination av maskiner är dock ett tidskrävande arbete. Genom två fallstudier och matematisk modellering var syftet med detta examensarbete att bestämma huruvida det är möjligt att grovt uppskatta livscykelkostnaden hos olika kombinationer av pumpar och blåsmaskiner i varierande driftsituationer. En sådan modell skulle hjälpa projektören att uteslutande undersöka de kombinationer av maskiner som är mest troliga att ha den lägsta livscykelkostnaden. Det har visats att det krävs en förmåga att mycket noggrant kunna förutsäga verkningsgraden hos de individuella maskinerna för att det ska vara möjligt att bestämma livscykelkostnaden så pass väl att resultatet är användbart. Sannolikt är det dock inte möjligt att finna en modell som är tillräckligt noggrann. Detta beror huvudsakligen på att mycket små förändringar av verkningsgraden ger en kraftig påverkan av livscykelkostnaden samt att verkningsgraden beror av många faktorer som är svåra att generalisera. Däribland att verkningsgraden inte förändras proportionellt till en varierande belastning på maskinen samtidigt som påverkan inte heller är densamma mellan olika maskinmodeller. Projektet har däremot mynnat ut i en ekvation för det flöde en blåsmaskin behöver generera i en given driftsituation samt ett beräkningsverktyg som underlättar undersökandet av de ingående parametrarnas inverkan på detta flödesbehov och därmed i förlängningen på livscykelkostnaden. Utöver detta slår rapporten fast att det i många fall är möjligt att sänka livscykelkostnaden med hjälp av icke frekvensstyrda maskiner. / Today companies tend to focus more and more on energy efficiency as there are both economical and environmental benefits to be gained. From a society’s point of view a good start to save energy is in its infrastructure. When designing wastewater treatment plants and their pumps and blowers choosing the right machines for the right operational circumstances is crucial to make it all work together and lower the energy cost at the same time. But to weigh the function against the energy efficiency of a combination of machines is a time consuming effort. Through two case studies and mathematical modeling this thesis project aimed to determine whether it is possible to roughly predetermine the life cycle cost of different combinations of pumps and blowers in variable operational circumstances. This would help the process engineers to focus their time and effort on the combinations of machines that are the most probable to have the lowest life cycle cost. The results show that the ability to accurately predetermine the efficiency of the individual machine is crucial to determine the life cycle cost to a usable degree. Unfortunately it doesn't seem feasible to find a model that will be accurate enough to be of practical use. This is due to the fact that slight changes to the efficiency cause great changes to the life cycle cost and that the efficiency depends on several factors that are hard to predict including the fact that it does not change proportionally to a variable load.

Detta projekt är ett examensarbete på 15 poäng inom Innovations och Designingenjörsprogrammet på Karlstads Universitet, utfört under våren 2006. Målsättningen med projektet var att hitta en form på insulinpumpen som tilltalar unga användare och dessutom minskar känslan av medicinskt hjälpmedel. Vi bestämde oss för att ge den ett utseende som mer liknar annan teknisk utrustning som finns på markanden idag. Detta som en väg att försöka höja ungdomars motivering till att övervaka och behandla sin diabetes. Vid intervjuerna framkom det att många unga hade problem med bärandet av pumpen. Dagens pump upplevs för stor och klumpig eftersom de ofta vill gömma den i/under kläderna. Som ett resultat av denna information så valde vi att dela pumpen i två mindre enheter. Pumpenheten, som är kopplad till kroppen, kan liknas vid en MP3-spelare, och fjärrkontrollen, som innehåller den mesta intelligensen, både ser ut som och fungerar som en armbandsklocka. Klockan har också inbyggd kontinuerlig övervakning av blodsockervärdet utan stick. Vilket var ett av de vikigaste önskemålen från användarna. Med detta koncept kan ungdomarna välja om de vill dölja pumpen, eftersom den är så pass liten, eller om de vill ha den synlig, eftersom den ser ut som annan teknisk utrustning som bärs på kroppen. / This project is an examination project for 15 points at the Innovation and design engineering program, carried out at Karlstad University during spring 2006. The purpose of this project is to find a shape that addresses young people and to minimize the medical aid stamp of the pump. We decided to give the pump an appearance more similar to other electronic devices on the market today in order to increase the motivation of treating and monitoring your diabetes. During the interviews we found out that, youngsters hade problems related to the pump carrying. The pump of today is a bit too big and clumsy for young people who often want to hide it. As a result of this information we divided the pump into two smaller units. The pump unit that is connected to the body looks a bit like an MP3 player, and the remote control, where the intelligence lies, both looks and works like a watch. The remote also has integrated glucose monitoring that is non-invasive. This was one of the top priorities on the wish list of the users. With this concept the youngsters can choose whether they want to hide it, since it is small enough to hide in the pocket, or to show it off for their friends, as it could pass for a portable device.

In this thesis, a parametric methodology is investigated to design a Pump-Turbine system using Computational Fluid Dynamics ( CFD ). The parts of Pump-Turbine are created parametrically according to the experience curves and theoretical design methods. Then, these parts are modified to obtain 500 kW turbine working as a pump with 28.15 meters head. The final design of Pump-Turbine parts are obtained by adjusting parameters according to the results of the CFD simulations. The designed parts of the Pump-Turbine are spiral case, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner and draft tube. These parts are designed to obtain not only turbine mode properties but also pump mode properties.

In order to understand flow characteristics inside a positive displacement pump, every point in the flow field must be carefully observed. Such observations are difficult, expensive and usually time consuming to achieve with physical testing. During tests one can observe flow characteristics only at the locations where the instrument device is attached, not the whole flow domain. This thesis mainly focuses on the evaluation of design and performance characteristics of a positive displacement triplex diaphragm pump. For this purpose not only numerical investigations but also experimental studies were conducted using a positive displacement pump which is supplied by the pump manufacturer and is available in the fluid mechanics laboratory of Middle East Technical University. The effect of valve characteristics on the pump efficiency such as valve spring stiffness, valve displacement, mass of the check valves, and diaphragm shape are investigated in this thesis by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technique. The pump performance is analyzed in terms of its volumetric and hydraulic efficiencies. The effect of the valve closure delay is also discussed. After the CFD and experimental results of the current pump model are compared and it is seen that they are in close agreement with each other, parametric studies are performed in computer environment. From analysis results it is observed that using stiffer springs reduces valve closing time and tend to decrease flow reversal effects. Secondly, using heavier check valves increases valve closing and opening times and also increases the stresses on the components of the pump with the increased pressure drop through discharge valve. As a result of this condition, hydraulic and volumetric efficiency reduce. Thirdly, with the longer valve displacement arrangement, more time is required for opening and closing of the check valves therefore efficiency of the pump reduces.

Due to rising energy costs and increasing environmental awareness, various methods of energy conservation are being investigated. In the residential sector, both solar and heat pump systems have been extensively tested. Recently, combinations of solar and heat pump systems have been developed for both space heating and water heating. These systems have the capability to provide better performances than either of the systems operating on their own. The solar collector benefits from a lower fluid (glycol) inlet temperature which increases efficiencies, and the heat pump benefits from higher evaporator temperatures due to the additional solar energy collected. For this study, a prototype of an Indirect-Solar Assisted Heat Pump for use in the Canadian environment was constructed, instrumented and tested. Controlled, constant temperature tests, as well as solar profile tests were conducted and the heat transfer rates, natural convection flow rate, and heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) were calculated. These values were then compared to simulation results based on a model developed in a previous feasibility study. The experimental COPs calculated ranged from 2.3 to 3.3 throughout the full range of tests which were conducted with supply temperatures ranging from 0°C – 40°C. The simulated results consistently overestimated the experimental results by between 12% - 15%. New empirical heat exchanger relationships were developed for the model bringing the simulated results within 5% of the experimental results for tests run at glycol flow rates of 77 and 154 kg/hr. These relationships were used to refine the model, and produce updated annual performance values in the TRNSYS simulation software. Updated results showed a 5% drop in the annual free energy ratio in Toronto from 57% to 52%, but further optimization of the system using the TRNSYS software package improved annual results up to 56%. For the purposes of the study, a solar assisted heat pump prototype was constructed and tested successfully within the laboratory environment. Results showed that the system has a strong market potential, especially in regions without a strong solar resource. Based on these results further research is recommended, continuing with a full year outdoor test using unglazed solar collectors. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-10-12 18:53:01.189

Bakgrund/syfte: Smärtlindring via PCA-pump är en effektiv och säker metod vid postoperativ vård. Den syftar till att ge patienten större möjlighet att påverka sin smärtlindring. Tidigare studier påvisar att många patienter upplever sin kunskap om PCA- pumpen som otillräcklig. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilken grad av självskattad kunskap patienter upplever sig ha om PCA-pumpen vid smärtlindring med hjälp av PCA vid postoperativ vård. Dessutom undersöks om utförlig information, både muntlig och skriftlig, leder till ökad kunskap beträffande PCA-pumpen samt om patientinformation om PCA- pumpen minskar patientens självskattade smärta vid smärtlindring med hjälp av PCA-pump postoperativt. Metod: En deskriptiv konsekutiv enkätinsamling genomfördes på fem kirurgavdelningar vid ett sjukhus i mellersta delen av Sverige. 26 patienter deltog i studien. Resultat: Denna studie påvisade ett positivt samband mellan patientinformation och smärtlindring (r = 0,74, p = 0,0005). Det framkom även ett positivt samband mellan att få utförlig information om PCA-pumpen, muntlig och skriftlig, och ökad kunskap om PCA- pumpen hos patienten (r = 0,61, p = 0,0009). Självskattad kunskap om PCA pumpen och dess funktioner var i genomsnitt 6,3/10. Studien påvisade även att kombinerad smärtlindring med PCA-pump och EDA postoperativt leder i genomsnitt till ett VAS-värde som var 1,57 lägre efter administrering, i jämförelse med de som endast hade smärtlindring via PCA-pump, resultatet var dock inte signifikant (p = 0,1). Slutsats: Patientinformation kan spela en stor roll kring smärtlindringen hos patienter med PCA-pump. Utveckling av kvalitetsdokument för hur patientinformationen skall utföras kliniskt kan leda till en ökad smärtlindring hos patienter som vårdas postoperativt med PCA- pump. Mera forskning och större undersökningsgrupper behövs för att styrka generaliserbarheten och validiteten. / Background: Pain relief through PCA pump is an effective and safe method for the treatment of postoperative pain. It aims to provide the patient with greater ability to influence their pain. Previous studies shows that many patients experience their knowledge of the PCA pump as inadequate. This study aims to examine the degree of self-assessed knowledge patients feel that they have on the PCA pump during pain treatment through PCA in postoperative care. The study also aims to examine if detailed information, both verbal and written, will lead to increased knowledge regarding the PCA pump and whether extended information about PCA pumps reduces the patients self-rated pain during pain relief through PCA pump postoperatively. Method: A descriptive consecutive survey data collection was conducted on five surgical wards in the middle part of Sweden. 26 patients participated in this survey. Results: This study showed a positive correlation between patients and pain relief (r = 0,74, p = 0,0005). It was also a positive correlation between getting detailed information, both verbal and written, and increased knowledge for the patient (r = 0,61, p = 0,0009). Self-perceived knowledge of the PCA pump and its functions were an average of 6.3/10. The study also showed that combined pain treatment using the PCA-pump and EDA postoperatively leads to an avarage VAS-value that was 1,57 lower after administration, in comparison with those who only had pain treatment through the PCA-pump, the result was not significant (p = 0,1). Conclusion: Patient information can play a big role on pain relief in patients with PCA pump. Development of quality document for how patient information is to be performed clinically may lead to increased pain relief in patients treated postoperatively with PCA pump. More research and larger study groups are needed to demonstrate the generalizability and validity.

There are some alternatives of artificial lift methods to increase the production of oil well or to keep it producing. Sucker rod pumping (SRP) and electrical submersible pumping (ESP) systems are selected for the design and economical evaluation of thirteen oil wells of R field. Although selected wells are already producing artificially, they are redesigned for SRP and ESP. LoadCalC software developed by Lufkin and SubPUMP developed by DSSC are used for SRP and ESP designs respectively. For economic evaluation, the rate of return (ROR) of each design is calculated for ten year period. In technical comparison, advantage of higher production ability with lower power consumption was observed in ESP applications. In wells which have lower production than 100 bpd, SRP takes the advantage as it has the ability of low volume lifting. In economical comparison it was observed that using both methods together was given better result. By increasing the number of wells that were applied ESP, 3.61% of increment in ROR was obtained relative to the present status.

Ferrofluids are stable colloidal homogeneous mixtures of nano-size single-domain ferromag¬netic particles covered by surfactant layer, and suspended in a carrier fluid compatible with the surfactant. Physical properties of ferrofluid allows one to control it externally using magnetic field without being in direct contact with it. The thesis presents a novel mechanism to pump ferrofluid based on the principle of variable reluctance, in an external magnetic field. The static and dynamic pressure behavior of ferrofluid in a switched DC magnetic field gives an insight into the variable reluctance behavior of ferrofluid. A ferrofluid pump based on the prin¬ciple of variable reluctance of ferrofluid subjected to an external magnetic field, is developed and hence the pump is named as Variable Reluctance Ferrofluid Pump (VRFP). Three configurations of VRFP are developed: • Single stage one-phase VRFP • Single stage two phase VRFP • Multi-stage VRFP A one-phase VRFP consisting of a check valve along with an electromagnet is designed. The valve is modeled and its transfer function is estimated using System Identification method. This model is then used in the simulation model of the pump. The pump is modeled based on the hydraulic-electric analogies. An electric circuit which represents the gross level equivalent of the pump is simulated and the results are compared with that of the experimental measurements. A two phase VRFP is implemented with two electromagnets on either side of the valve around the tube. Two types of magnetic actuation methods are introduced based on the switching sequences of the two electromagnets, namely Full Step Sequencing and Half Step Sequencing. Simulations and experiments were conducted for different pumping conditions. The one phase and two phase VRFPs are single stage structures. A multi-stage VRFP concept, in which the ferrofluid flow channel (tube) is looped through the electromagnets multiple times, is introduced. For the implementation purpose, a two-stage VRFP is discussed in this thesis. Simulations and experiments resulted in significant improvement in case of two-stage VRFP in the pump performance compared to that of single-stage VRFPs. The work presents a simple and novel design of a ferrofluid pump, which is capable of higher flow rates and pumping against higher back pressure compared to the ferrofluid pumps reported in literature. Keywords: Ferrofluid Pump, VRFP, Variable Reluctance, Multi Stage, Magnetic Fluid,

Lågtempererade värmekällor som ytvatten och borrhålslager kan i samverkan med en värmepump ses som outnyttjade energikällor. En sjö- och borrhålsbaserad anläggning kan ha en hög total effektivitet om både värme och kylbehov finns och en stor fördel är att frikyla kan användas från sjö och borrhål under delar av året. Kungsbrohuset byggdes 2008 - 2010 med målsättningen att bli världens mest energieffektiva kontorsbyggnad. Mer specifikt var målsättningen att köpt energi skulle vara hälften av boverkets regler. Av den totala bruksarean på 27 000 m2 utgörs ca 19 500 m2 av kontorsyta. Anläggningen värms och kyls huvudsakligen av en värmepump med en värmeeffekt på 350 kW. Vintertid används värmepumpen för både värme och kyla då ett stort kylbehov även finns under uppvärmningssäsongen till serverrum mm. När värmepumpen inte räcker till så används fjärrvärme och fjärrkyla/sjökyla för att täcka behovet. Vid byggnationen installerades en ledning mellan kungsbrohuset och centralstationen för att på centralstationen utnyttja frikyla från sjön samtidigt som kungsbrohuset fick möjligheten att utnyttja värmen i köldbärarreturen. Målet med studien var att utvärdera anläggningen med fokus på tre huvudsakliga frågor. Att undersöka om värmepumpen har högsta möjliga temperatur på förångningssidan vintertid var den första. Den andra frågan var om frikyla från sjön utnyttjades optimalt. Den tredje frågan var att jämföra den projekterade energianvändningen med det verkliga utfallet. Studien utfördes genom besiktningar på plats, insamling av energistatistik samt att studera anläggningen genom driftdator, driftkort, flödesscheman etc. Vintertid så har den egna köldbärarreturen använts nästan uteslutande som värmekälla till värmepumpen då dess temperatur är högre än borrhålslagrets. Utnyttjandet av frikyla från sjön har inte fungerat optimalt då fjärrkyla har använts under vintermånaderna trots att sjöns temperatur är låg. Detta kan åtgärdas genom omprogrammering av villkor för aktivering av frikylan. Jämförelsen mellan projekterad köpt fastighetsenergi på 47 kWh/m2, år med det verkliga utfallet visade att användningen är något högre i verkligheten och hamnade på 55 kWh/m2, år efter att processkylan räknats bort då den inte räknas som fastighetsenergi. Anläggningen är totalt sett väldigt effektiv och har en mycket låg användning av köpt energi. Att kylbehov finns även vintertid gör att värmepumpens effektivitet blir maximal då nyttig energi utnyttjas på båda sidorna.