Le diabète est reconnu comme un problème majeur de santé publique causant des conséquences humaines et économiques redoutables. La phytothérapie s’offre comme une nouvelle avenue thérapeutique pour le contrôle de la glycémie. Le grenadier, Punica granatum, a servi de remède contre le diabète dans le système Unani de la médecine pratiquée en Inde et au Moyen Orient. Des études ont démontré un effet hypoglycémiant des extraits de grenadier via divers mécanismes notamment par une amélioration de la sensibilité à l’insuline et la régénération des cellules béta-pancréatiques. Cependant, aucune étude n’a démontré à ce jour, l’effet de grenadier sur le transport de glucose dans le muscle, étape cruciale dans la régulation de l’homéostasie glucidique postprandiale. De plus, l’effet de la maturation sur le potentiel antidiabétique du fruit de grenadier n’a pas été étudié. Ainsi, le but de ce projet est d’évaluer l’effet antidiabétique des extraits de grenadier sur le transport de glucose dans les cellules musculaires C2C12 en fonction de la variété et du stade de maturation du fruit et d’élucider les mécanismes d’action. Le choix des variétés du grenadier tunisien (Espagnoule [EP] et Gabsi [GB]) a été orienté pour leur pouvoir antioxydant et leur consommation locale. Deux parties de la plante ont été utilisées, les fleurs et les fruits à 3 stades de maturation soit 2, 4 et 6 mois. Les résultats ont montré que seule la variété du grenadier Gabsi stimule significativement le transport de glucose par rapport au contrôle (DMSO), et ceci sans être toxique. Cet effet est plus prononcé au stade de fruit mûr (à 6 mois) que celui de la fleur. De plus, l’extrait de fleurs stimule la voie insulino-indépendante de l’AMPK et augmente le niveau d’expression des transporteurs spécifiques de glucose (GLUT-4). Par contre, l’extrait de fruits mûrs, en plus de ces deux mécanismes, active fortement aussi la voie insulino-dépendante de l’AKT. En conclusion, cette étude présente un nouveau mécanisme d’action antidiabétique de grenadier (plus particulièrement du fruit mûr) qui est dépendant de la variété. / Diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide with astounding human and economic consequences. The seed and the flower of pomegranate (Punica granatum), a native plant of Central Asia and the Mediterranean regions, exhibited a hypoglycaemic effect in in vivo studies. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of the flower and the fruit (at 3 maturation stages) of pomegranate on glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells and to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. To accomplish this, we chose two varieties of pomegranate cultivated in Tunisia (Gabsi [GB] and Espagnoule [EP]), which have been shown to be highly consumed in that area and to possess high antioxidant activity. Differentiated C2C12 cells were treated for 18 hours with 80% ethanolic extract of the flowers and fruits (at 2, 4, and 6 months) of each variety. Our results showed that the Gabsi variety of pomegranate significantly enhances glucose uptake, without any toxicity. This effect is more pronounced in the ripe fruit (6 months) than in the flower. In parallel, the ripe fruit stimulated both the insulin-dependent pathway (Akt) and the insulin-independent pathway (AMPK), while the flower stimulated the latter only. In addition, both flower and ripe fruit treatment resulted in enhanced expression level of GLUT-4 glucose transporter in the muscle. Hence, these results suggest that regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle is one of the components involved in the anti-diabetic effect of Tunisian pomegranate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T14:41:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeruziaMTQ_DISSERT.pdf: 1649490 bytes, checksum: ad9e3fac3a63c7899a5596551eb9d334 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / Medicinal plants are a therapeutic resource and are being increasingly used at societies worldwide. It constitutes a preservation tool of the cultural environment, of the economic and social development, promoting improvements in the population's quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of phytotherapy as a therapeutic alternative in the framework of the public health of Mossoró/RN, considering the popular and scientific knowledge. The data collection instrument regarding the informations about the phytotherapy was the structured questionnaire, administered to a population of 453 subjects, among which, users (269) and SUS s health professionals (184), enrolled in the Basic Health Units. For evaluation of the use of vegetable species, on specific illness, was made the determination of the antibacterial activity of the plants s extracts cited in ITU (Phyllanthus niruri L, Punica granatum L and Zea mays L), against clinical isolates of people from the community and ATCC s standard strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, utilizing the disk diffusion in solid medium method. The crude extracts were tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg/mL having DMSO as solvent. To the analysis of the data obtained with the questionnaire was used Fisher's exact test for contingency tables, as for the comparison of the diameter of the extracts inhibition halos, was used the variance analysis in the design in randomized blocks, and for the comparison of the halos means the Student-Newman-Keuls test, with the R software with a 5% significance level. The results showed that 86.41% of health professionals and 89.96% of public health services users know, accept and utilize the phytotherapy as a therapeutic option, and the Punica granatum extract as the most effective and with the greater spectrum of action regarding the tested bacterias, confirming the popular knowledge about the antibacterial property of these plants, enabling the implantation of a municipal health public policy, focused on phytotherapy as a way to ensure the right to health of the population, without necessarily depend on allopathy, having the common sense as a search instrument of potentially therapeutic plants in the region / As plantas medicinais são um recurso terapêutico e vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizadas nas sociedades em todo o mundo. Constitui uma ferramenta de preservação do ambiente cultural, de desenvolvimento econômico e social, promovendo melhorias na qualidade de vida da população. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o uso da fitoterapia como alternativa terapêutica no âmbito da saúde pública de Mossoró/RN, considerando o conhecimento popular e científico. O instrumento de coleta de dados quanto a informações sobre a fitoterapia foi um questionário estruturado, aplicado a uma população de 453 sujeitos, dentre os quais, usuários (269) e profissionais de saúde (184) do SUS, arrolados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Para avaliação do uso de espécies vegetais, em enfermidades específicas, fez-se a determinação da atividade antibacteriana dos extratos de plantas citadas em ITU (Phyllanthus niruri L, Punica granatum L e Zea mays L), sobre isolados clínicos de pessoas da comunidade e cepas padrão ATCC de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Staphylococcus aureus, utilizando-se o método de Disco Difusão em meio sólido. Os extratos brutos foram testados nas concentrações de 100, 200 e 300 mg/mL tendo como solvente o DMSO. Para a análise dos dados obtidos com os questionários foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher para tabelas de contingência, já para a comparação do diâmetro dos halos de inibição dos extratos, utilizou-se a análise de variância no delineamento em blocos aleatorizados, e para a comparação das médias dos halos o teste de Student-Newman-Keuls, por meio do software R, com um nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que 86,41% dos profissionais da saúde e 89,96% dos usuários dos serviços públicos de saúde conhecem, aceitam e utilizam a fitoterapia como opção terapêutica, e o extrato de Punica granatum como o mais eficaz e com maior espectro de ação quanto às bactérias testadas, confirmando o conhecimento popular quanto à propriedade antibacteriana destas plantas, possibilitando a implantação de uma política pública de saúde municipal, voltada para a fitoterapia como forma de assegurar o direito à saúde da população, sem necessariamente depender da alopatia, tendo o senso comum como instrumento de busca de plantas potencialmente terapêuticas na região

O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar a extração dos compostos fenólicos presentes na casca do fruto de Punica granatum L. (romã) com diferentes locais de coletas e adquiridas comercialmente, bem como desenvolver e validar método analítico para separação e quantificação de punicalaginas totais por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência (CLUE), ensaios de pureza como determinação de água e cinzas totais e testar a atividade anti-inflamatória pela avaliação antiquimiotáxica in vitro do extrato e fração enriquecida de punicalagina. Para a otimização da extração com amostra coletada em Alegrete/15, diferentes técnicas extrativas foram testadas, entre elas: maceração, ultrassom, ultraturrax e refluxo, sendo esta última à escolhida. Análises de fatores críticos que influenciam na resposta, sendo eles temperatura, granulometria, porcentagem do solvente extrator, relação massa vegetal/solvente e tempo, foram realizadas, utilizando software estatístico MiniTab®. O método por CLAE foi desenvolvido, permitindo a separação e quantificação dos anômeros punicalagina α e β, com o emprego de coluna cromatográfica Kromasil® C18 – 5μm x 4.6mm x 150mm e fase móvel constituída por água acidificada com ácido trifluoroacético : acetonitrila acidificada com TFA.. O método pôde ser considerado eficiente e confiável, sendo linear, preciso, robusto, exato e específico, podendo ser utilizado para análise do extrato de P. granatum. O extrato bruto, bem como a fração de punicalaginas foram testados e reduziram significativamente a migração leucocitária nas concentrações mais elevadas (10 e 1 μg/mL) em relação ao controle positivo, indicando potencial atividade inibitória da migração leucocitária. / The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction of the phenolic compounds present in the fruit bark of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) with different collection sites and commercially acquired, as well as to develop and validate an analytical method for the separation and quantification of total punicalagins by liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), purity tests such as water determination and total ashes, and to test the anti-inflammatory activity by the in vitro antichemistoxic evaluation of the extract and enriched fraction of punicalagin. For the optimization of the extraction with sample collected in Alegrete / 15, different extractive techniques were tested, among them: maceration, ultrasound, ultraturrax and reflux, the latter being chosen. Analysis of critical factors influencing the response, being temperature, particle size, solvent extractor percentage, vegetable mass / solvent ratio and time, were performed using MiniTab® statistical software. The HPLC method was developed allowing separation and quantification of the punicalagin α and β anomers using a Kromasil® C18 - 5μm x 4.6mm x 150mm chromatographic column and mobile phase consisting of water acidified with trifluoroacetic acid: acetonitrile acidified with TFA The method could be considered efficient and reliable, being linear, precise, robust, exact and specific, and it can be used for the analysis of the extract of P. granatum. The crude extract as well as the fraction of punicalaginas were tested and significantly reduced the leukocyte migration at the highest concentrations (10 and 1 μg / mL) in relation to the positive control, indicating potential inhibitory activity of leukocyte migration.

Pomegranate extract (PE) is a standardized whole fruit extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a fruit with known anti inflammatory and anti cancer properties. In the present study, the effects of PE on two different cell lines of human pancreatic cancer cells, AsPC-1 and PANC-1 were examined. Both cell lines are epithelial cancers but differ morphologically and in their response to treatment with PE. PE inhibited proliferation of both cancer cell lines in a dose dependent and time dependent manner. The reason for this was the potency of PE to cause significant cell cycle arrest in the pancreatic cancer cells, which was noted to be cell specific. AsPC-1 was arrested in G₂ phase while PANC-1 was arrested in G₀/G₁phase of the cell cycle. PE also checked the viability of confluent cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner. In case of AsPC-1 this was due to the action of PE to induce apoptosis, as demonstrated by the Annexin-V assay. In case of PANC-1, a highly invading cancer greatly affected by the presence of surface stem cell markers CD44⁺/CD24⁺, PE was capable of modifying the stem cell markers and induce an increase in the non tumorigenic sub population of cells. A study was also conducted to look at the action of PE in causing inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, in comparison to a clinically used chemotherapeutic agent, Paclitaxel. The results indicated that the effect of PE, at clinically feasible doses was superior to that of clinically used doses of Paclitaxel. This data suggests that PE, which is proven to be a safe dietary supplement, looks promising in the prevention and treatment of human pancreatic cancer cells without the side effects of standard drug therapy and could possibly have a role in controlling stem cancer cell population / text

Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Fruticultura / La prolongada floración del granado tiene como consecuencia una marcada heterogeneidad en el estado de desarrollo de los frutos al momento de la cosecha, lo cual implica que un alto porcentaje de ellos no llega a madurez. Este hecho evidencia la necesidad de raleo de frutos en los huertos de granado, práctica que, en la actualidad, se realiza de forma manual. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar diferentes reguladores de crecimiento como posibles raleadores químicos de flores y/o frutos de granado. Con este fin se realizaron cinco ensayos en un huerto comercial de granados de la variedad Wonderful ubicado en la Región Metropolitana, que consistió en la evaluación de cinco productos químicos, en cinco concentraciones diferentes cada uno: ácido naftalenacético (ANA), en un rango de concentraciones entre 0 y 40 mg L-1; ethephon (ET), en un rango de concentraciones entre 0 y 400 mg L-1; benciladenina (BA), en concentraciones entre 0 y 400 mg L-1; ácido giberélico (AG), en concentraciones entre 0 y 100 mg L-1; y aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), en un rango de concentraciones entre 0 y 200 mg L-1. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones del producto químico con un lapso de dos semanas entre ellas, comenzando la tercera semana de enero. Se evaluó la dinámica de caída de flores y frutos durante las seis semanas siguientes a la primera aplicación. En la cosecha se recolectó toda la fruta presente en el árbol, clasificando cada fruto según cobertura externa de color, cohorte de floración a partir de la cual se desarrolló y peso fresco. Los ensayos se analizaron mediante correlaciones y regresiones. El ET fue el único producto evaluado que presentó efecto raleador, disminuyendo la proporción de frutos de la segunda y tercera cohorte de floración. Adicionalmente, el ET incrementó el color de los frutos y redujo el peso fresco de los frutos de la primera cohorte de floración.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar a extração dos compostos fenólicos presentes na casca do fruto de Punica granatum L. (romã) com diferentes locais de coletas e adquiridas comercialmente, bem como desenvolver e validar método analítico para separação e quantificação de punicalaginas totais por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência (CLUE), ensaios de pureza como determinação de água e cinzas totais e testar a atividade anti-inflamatória pela avaliação antiquimiotáxica in vitro do extrato e fração enriquecida de punicalagina. Para a otimização da extração com amostra coletada em Alegrete/15, diferentes técnicas extrativas foram testadas, entre elas: maceração, ultrassom, ultraturrax e refluxo, sendo esta última à escolhida. Análises de fatores críticos que influenciam na resposta, sendo eles temperatura, granulometria, porcentagem do solvente extrator, relação massa vegetal/solvente e tempo, foram realizadas, utilizando software estatístico MiniTab®. O método por CLAE foi desenvolvido, permitindo a separação e quantificação dos anômeros punicalagina α e β, com o emprego de coluna cromatográfica Kromasil® C18 – 5μm x 4.6mm x 150mm e fase móvel constituída por água acidificada com ácido trifluoroacético : acetonitrila acidificada com TFA.. O método pôde ser considerado eficiente e confiável, sendo linear, preciso, robusto, exato e específico, podendo ser utilizado para análise do extrato de P. granatum. O extrato bruto, bem como a fração de punicalaginas foram testados e reduziram significativamente a migração leucocitária nas concentrações mais elevadas (10 e 1 μg/mL) em relação ao controle positivo, indicando potencial atividade inibitória da migração leucocitária. / The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction of the phenolic compounds present in the fruit bark of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) with different collection sites and commercially acquired, as well as to develop and validate an analytical method for the separation and quantification of total punicalagins by liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), purity tests such as water determination and total ashes, and to test the anti-inflammatory activity by the in vitro antichemistoxic evaluation of the extract and enriched fraction of punicalagin. For the optimization of the extraction with sample collected in Alegrete / 15, different extractive techniques were tested, among them: maceration, ultrasound, ultraturrax and reflux, the latter being chosen. Analysis of critical factors influencing the response, being temperature, particle size, solvent extractor percentage, vegetable mass / solvent ratio and time, were performed using MiniTab® statistical software. The HPLC method was developed allowing separation and quantification of the punicalagin α and β anomers using a Kromasil® C18 - 5μm x 4.6mm x 150mm chromatographic column and mobile phase consisting of water acidified with trifluoroacetic acid: acetonitrile acidified with TFA The method could be considered efficient and reliable, being linear, precise, robust, exact and specific, and it can be used for the analysis of the extract of P. granatum. The crude extract as well as the fraction of punicalaginas were tested and significantly reduced the leukocyte migration at the highest concentrations (10 and 1 μg / mL) in relation to the positive control, indicating potential inhibitory activity of leukocyte migration.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar a extração dos compostos fenólicos presentes na casca do fruto de Punica granatum L. (romã) com diferentes locais de coletas e adquiridas comercialmente, bem como desenvolver e validar método analítico para separação e quantificação de punicalaginas totais por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência (CLUE), ensaios de pureza como determinação de água e cinzas totais e testar a atividade anti-inflamatória pela avaliação antiquimiotáxica in vitro do extrato e fração enriquecida de punicalagina. Para a otimização da extração com amostra coletada em Alegrete/15, diferentes técnicas extrativas foram testadas, entre elas: maceração, ultrassom, ultraturrax e refluxo, sendo esta última à escolhida. Análises de fatores críticos que influenciam na resposta, sendo eles temperatura, granulometria, porcentagem do solvente extrator, relação massa vegetal/solvente e tempo, foram realizadas, utilizando software estatístico MiniTab®. O método por CLAE foi desenvolvido, permitindo a separação e quantificação dos anômeros punicalagina α e β, com o emprego de coluna cromatográfica Kromasil® C18 – 5μm x 4.6mm x 150mm e fase móvel constituída por água acidificada com ácido trifluoroacético : acetonitrila acidificada com TFA.. O método pôde ser considerado eficiente e confiável, sendo linear, preciso, robusto, exato e específico, podendo ser utilizado para análise do extrato de P. granatum. O extrato bruto, bem como a fração de punicalaginas foram testados e reduziram significativamente a migração leucocitária nas concentrações mais elevadas (10 e 1 μg/mL) em relação ao controle positivo, indicando potencial atividade inibitória da migração leucocitária. / The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction of the phenolic compounds present in the fruit bark of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) with different collection sites and commercially acquired, as well as to develop and validate an analytical method for the separation and quantification of total punicalagins by liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), purity tests such as water determination and total ashes, and to test the anti-inflammatory activity by the in vitro antichemistoxic evaluation of the extract and enriched fraction of punicalagin. For the optimization of the extraction with sample collected in Alegrete / 15, different extractive techniques were tested, among them: maceration, ultrasound, ultraturrax and reflux, the latter being chosen. Analysis of critical factors influencing the response, being temperature, particle size, solvent extractor percentage, vegetable mass / solvent ratio and time, were performed using MiniTab® statistical software. The HPLC method was developed allowing separation and quantification of the punicalagin α and β anomers using a Kromasil® C18 - 5μm x 4.6mm x 150mm chromatographic column and mobile phase consisting of water acidified with trifluoroacetic acid: acetonitrile acidified with TFA The method could be considered efficient and reliable, being linear, precise, robust, exact and specific, and it can be used for the analysis of the extract of P. granatum. The crude extract as well as the fraction of punicalaginas were tested and significantly reduced the leukocyte migration at the highest concentrations (10 and 1 μg / mL) in relation to the positive control, indicating potential inhibitory activity of leukocyte migration.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo / Debido a la estacionalidad y escasez del recurso hídrico en la región de Coquimbo, se llevó a cabo un estudio en micro-lisímetros con plantas de 1 año de granado, higuera y tuna, cuyos objetivos fueron: determinar la eficiencia en el uso del agua estacional (EUA), la eficiencia en el uso del agua normalizada o “kDPV” y la eficiencia en el uso de la radiación (EUR), con el fin de demostrar que aquellas especies poseen bajo consumo hídrico y serían una buena alternativa para la producción frutícola en zonas áridas. La EUA y EUR son parámetros muy útiles para ser utilizados en zonificación agrícola, sin embargo, diversas investigaciones demuestran que son parámetros clima-dependientes resultando compleja una comparación directa entre distintos estudios, debido a esto, se han buscado formas de normalizarlas principalmente con el déficit de presión de vapor de la atmosfera (DPV). Los resultados obtenidos de EUA y kDPV para granado, higuera y tuna en esta investigación fueron respectivamente: 4,70; 3,97 y 18,57 (g [MS] kg-1 [H2O]); 3,3; 2,86 y 6,48 (g [MS] kPa kg-1 [H2O]) y la EUR para granado e higuera (no se evaluó en tuna) fue 2,59 y 2,39 (g [MS] MJ-1 ) respectivamente. También se evaluó la variabilidad de la EUA en función de parámetros climáticos, a través de la eficiencia en el uso del agua instantánea (EUAi), por medio de un analizador de gases infrarojo (IRGA) en granado e higuera (no se evaluó en tuna), la cual, disminuye para ambas especies en condiciones de alto DPV, temperatura de la hoja (Thj) y radiación solar. Se concluye que granado, higuera y tuna son una alternativa para zonas áridas y que la EUAi presenta una relación exponencial negativa con parámetros climáticos como DPV, Thj y PAR. / Because of seasonal and water scarcity in the Region of Coquimbo, a study was conducted on one year old plants of pomegranate, prickly pear and fig grown in micro-lysimeters with the goal of estimating their seasonal water use efficiency (WUE), normalized water use efficiency or “kDPV”, and their radiation use efficiency (RUE). The purpose was to demonstrate that such species have low water consumption and would be an alternative to fruit productions in semi-arid zone. Parameters as WUE and RUE, are very useful for agricultural zoning, however, several studies have shown that they are climate-dependent, which makes it difficult to perform direct comparisons between different studies. Therefore, ways to normalized theses parameters have been sought, mainly using the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of the atmosphere. In this research, WUE results for pomegranate, prickly pear, and fig were 4,70; 18,57 and 3,97 (g [MS] kg-1 [H2O]), respectively; for kDPV results were 3,3; 6,48 and 2,86 (g [MS] kPa kg-1 [H2O]), respectively; and for RUE they were 2,59 and 2,39 (g [MS] MJ-1), for pomegranate and fig, respectively (not evaluated in prickly pear). The variability of WUE as affected by climatic parameters was assessed via the instant water use efficiency (WUEi) obtained with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) in pomegranate and fig (not evaluated in prickly pear); the WUEi decreased in both species under high VPD, leaf temperature (Thj) and solar radiation conditions. It was concluded that pomegranate, prickly pear and fig are an alternative for the semi-arid zones and WUEi presents a negative exponential relationship with climatic parameters as VPD, Thj and solar radiation.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-03T18:22:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioCesarNobreDeAbrantes_DISSERT.pdf: 2550671 bytes, checksum: cb02cd1401011998407d1b88ed485674 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-04T20:35:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioCesarNobreDeAbrantes_DISSERT.pdf: 2550671 bytes, checksum: cb02cd1401011998407d1b88ed485674 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T20:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioCesarNobreDeAbrantes_DISSERT.pdf: 2550671 bytes, checksum: cb02cd1401011998407d1b88ed485674 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / As emuls?es s?o formula??es empregadas em diferentes segmentos da ind?stria, principalmente na ?rea aliment?cia, terap?uticas, cosm?ticas. Os ?leos de Linum usitatissimum e Sesamun indicum apresentam propriedades anti-inflamat?rias, em raz?o da presen?a de ?cidos graxos essenciais, podendo ter aplica??o na prepara??o de medicamentos pelo potencial farmacol?gico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi usar as propriedades farmacol?gicas do Punica granatum, como ativo, em sistema emulsionado, para aplica??o fitoter?pica. As emuls?es foram obtidas a partir de diagrama tern?rio utilizando a ?gua destilada como fase aquosa e a lecitina de Glycine max como tensoativo. Na prepara??o dos dois diagramas, na fase oleosa, utilizou-se os ?leos de Linum usitatissimum e Sesamun indicum. Nos diagramas obtidos, na regi?o de emuls?o do tipo O/A, foram escolhidos seis sistemas (tr?s em cada diagrama) por apresentar maior estabilidade. Os conservantes adicionados aos sistemas foram metilparabeno (Nipargin) e propilparabeno (Nipazol) e o estabilizador de emuls?es, hidrocol?ide Xanthan Gum (goma xantana). Da casca do vegetal Punica granatum foi obtido extrato aquoso, e em seguida liofilizado. Foram definidos tr?s percentuais (0,3%, 0,5% e 1,0%) de extrato liofilizado em cada sistema. Essas formula??es foram caracterizadas atrav?s das t?cnicas de medida pH, viscosidade, condutividade, estabilidade acelerada e estabilidade t?rmica. Antes de adicionar o bioativo foi empregada a espectrofotometria no Ultravioleta para quantificar o bioativo presente no p? da casca da rom?. A formula??es com a adi??o do extrato tiveram seus valores de pH diminu?dos e viscosidade aumentada quanto maior foi o percentual do extrato no meio. Isso se deve por que o extrato apresenta fen?is de car?ter ?cido e a quantidade maior de extrato no meio precisa de mais mol?culas para hidratar esse extrato, tornando o meio com menos ?gua livre. / Emulsions are formulations used in different industry segments, mainly in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industry. The Linum usitatissimum and Sesamun indicum oils have anti-inflammatory properties, due to the presence of essential fatty acids and they can be applied in the preparation of drugs for the pharmacological potential. The aim of this study was to use the dried extract of Punica granatum to incorporate in the macro emulsified system, as active one, for herbal application. The emulsions were obtained from ternary diagram using distilled water as aqueous phase and Glycine max lecithin as surfactant. In preparing the two diagrams in the oil phase, the Linum usitatissimum and Sesamun indicum oils were used. In the diagrams obtained in the region of emulsion type O / A, they were selected six systems (three in the diagram) due to presenting greater stability. Preservatives added to systems were methylparaben (Nipagin?) and propylparaben (Nipazol?) and stabilizer of emulsions, hydrocolloid xanthan gum (xanthan gum). From peel Punica granatum plant, was obtained the aqueous extract, and then lyophilized. They have been defined three percentage (0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0%) of lyophilized extract in each system. These formulations were characterized by measuring pH techniques, viscosity, conductivity, accelerated stability and thermal stability. Before adding the bioactive was used the spectrophotometry in the ultravioleta and infrared to quantify the bioactive present in the pomegranate peel powder, and was also applied to the optical microscopy technique to determine the droplet size. The formulations with the addition of the dry extract of Punica granatum had their pH values decreased and viscosity increased as higher was the percentage of the extract in the medium. This happens because the extract has phenols of acid character and the largest amount of extract in the middle needs more molecules to hydrate this formulation, making the middle less free water.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Agroindustria / La superficie de cultivo del granado (Punica granatum) se ha incrementado en el último tiempo, así como también el conocimiento de los compuestos bioactivos que los frutos y sus subproductos presentan. El elevado contenido de compuestos con acción antioxidante en el fruto ha llevado al estudio de nuevas variedades de granado cultivadas en diferentes condiciones climáticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar física, química y sensorialmente frutos de los clones UCH-CHA, UCH-COD y UCH-NG, provenientes de dos regiones de Chile: IV Región (Vicuña) y V Región (Curacaví). El peso de los frutos varió entre 257 y 341 g, siendo los frutos provenientes de Curacaví los que presentaron valores más altos para este parámetro, pero con menor proporción y tamaño de arilos. El rendimiento promedio de jugo osciló entre 58,8 y 61,8% para los clones UCH-CHA y UCH-NG, respectivamente. Vicuña, fue la localidad que presentó mayor rendimiento de jugo con 60,92%. El contenido de sólidos solubles presentó valores entre 14,2 y 16,9 ºBrix para los frutos de Curacaví y Vicuña, respectivamente, mientras que el pH y acidez titulable se mantuvo en rangos similares para ambas localidades. Los compuestos y parámetros que forman parte de la caracterización fenólica de la fruta de Vicuña fueron superiores a los de Curacaví. El contenido de fenoles totales osciló entre 1053 y 1202 mg EAG/L para Curacaví y Vicuña, respectivamente, mientras la cantidad de antocianos totales varió entre 280 y 667 mg/L. La capacidad antioxidante varió entre 2,38 y 5,03 mM/L y el contenido de taninos fluctuó entre 2,39 y 3,99 g procianidina/L. Sensorialmente los frutos provenientes de Vicuña presentaron mayor aceptabilidad y fueron mejor evaluados en los parámetros de calidad, color y dulzor. Los resultados muestran que existiría un efecto de la localidad en la composición fenólica de los frutos. / The pomegranate (Punica granatum) crop acreage has increased during last years, as well as the knowledge of the bio-active compounds that these fruits and their subproducts present. The high level content of antioxidant-acting compounds in the fruit has led to the study of new varieties of pomegranate cultivated in different climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to examine fruits of clones UCH-CHA, UCH-COD and UCHNG from in two different Chilean regions: IV Region (Vicuña) and V Region (Curacaví) and characterize them physically, chemically, and sensory-wise. The weight of the fruits ranged between 257g and 341g, being higher for the fruits from Curacaví, but smaller proportion and size of the arils. The average juice yield ranged between 58.8% and 61.8% for clones UCH-CHA and UCH-NG, respectively. Vicuna, was the town that had a higher juice yield with 60,9%. The soluble solid content presented values between 14,2 and 16,9 °Brix for Curacaví and Vicuna fruits respectively, while the pH and titratable acidity remained at similar ranges for both locations. The parameters and componds that take part in the phenolic characterization of the Vicuña fruit were higher to those of in fruits from Curacaví; the total phenolic content ranged from 1053 to 1202 mg EAG/L, and the total amount of anthocyanins between 280 and 667 mg/L. The antioxidant capacity varied between 2,38 and 5,03 mM/L, and the tannin content between 2,39 and 3,99 g procyanidin/L. Sensory-wise, the fruits originating from Vicuña presented higher acceptability and were ranked best in quality, color, and sweetness parameters. The results show that would exist a location effect on the phenolic composition of the fruits.