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Changes in the teacher's direction of a set of standardized class lessons were simulated by a single teacher who had been trained so that he was able to alter his frequency of use of specific teaching moves while holding constant his use of other kinds of moves. The effects of these predetermined changes in teaching behaviour during the course of the lessons were measured in terms of the level of retention and comprehension of 'target pupils' of the concepts and principles which the lessons were designed to teach. Target pupils were defined, and selected to act as experimental subjects, on the basis of their pre-experimental performance on three tests: a test of prerequisite skills, a test of prior knowledge of the topic, and the IPAT Culture Fair non-verbal intelligence test. Each experimental lesson treatment was reproduced and its effects on retention measured in at least three different classrooms. This thesis describes the results of a coordinated series of nine experiments, the last six of which were designed to measure the effects on student retention of predetermined changes in the frequency of use of specific classes of teaching moves during the oral lesson tactic. The results of these experiments indicated that student retention following the highly effective, standard lesson, treatments was dependent in part upon the number of primary questions asked (relative to the number of informing moves used), the number of reaction moves provided following pupil answers, the level of response control provided by primary questions, the level of response control provided by secondary questions, and the number of secondary response opportunities provided by the teacher (relative to the number of terminal informing moves employed). The experimental procedures employed during the investigations differed from those used during most previous studies of teaching behaviour in a number of ways. The studies made use of a single teacher specially trained to simulate the lesson behaviours typically employed by teachers and to manipulate these behaviours in predetermined ways. They made use of a lesson recording and lesson analysis procedure which enabled the characteristics of each lesson treatment to be described and reported. They made use of procedures which permitted the same lesson content to be reproduced in each experimental lesson treatment and they made use of two 'standard lesson' treatments from which all experimental treatments were derived and against which all lesson treatments could be evaluated. The studies specified in advance the population of target pupils for whom the standard lessons were designed and measured treatment effects in terms of the level of retention achieved by samples from this target population. They also provided for the replication, in several different classrooms, of each experimental lesson treatment and made use of the within replications variance, rather than the within subjects variance, as the error term in evaluating the reliability of obtained treatment effects.

Orientador: Maria Salete Fábio Aranha / Resumo: A literatura já vem ilustrando o quanto as relações interpessoais são imprescindíveis para a construção do conhecimento, logo, possibilitar a construção de novos conhecimentos a todos, de acordo com as suas necessidades educacionais especiais, exige relações interpessoais que favoreçam à participação, expressão e manifestação de todos os educandos. Assim, instigada a conhecer este universo de interações, a compreender como estas interações estão ocorrendo na sala de aula inclusiva, a identificar como os sujeitos estão participando deste contexto, o objetivo fundamental que impulsionou o presente estudo foi o de descrever e analisar as relações interpessoais entre professora e alunos em sala de aula inclusiva. Fizeram parte deste estudo duas professoras e seus respectivos alunos, sendo: professora A - 34 anos de idade, formada em nível médio no curso de Magistério, e professora B - 45 anos de idade, formada em nível superior, curso de Letras. A professora A, que lecionava na turma A, tinha, em sala de aula, 7 alunos do sexo masculino e 14 do sexo feminino. A faixa etária desses alunos era de 8 a 13 anos. A professora B, que lecionava na turma B, tinha, em sala de aula, 12 alunos do sexo masculino e 15 do sexo feminino. A faixa etária desses alunos era de 9 a 17 anos. Na turma A, 10% eram alunos com deficiência e, na turma B, 11% eram alunos com deficiência. Os dados foram coletados em 2 salas de aula, em uma escola estadual de ensino fundamental, localizada em bairro residencial na cidade de Bauru, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizada como instrumento para a coleta de dados, uma filmadora da marca Panasonic, modelo RJ 27. Os dados foram coletados no transcorrer do 1o semestre do ano letivo de 2001. O procedimento de análise dos dados seguiu seis diferentes passos: elaboração de um sistema de categorias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Literature has been illustrating how much the interpersonal relationships are essential for the construction of knowledge, then facilitating the construction of new knowledge to all people, according to their special educational necessities, demands interpersonal relationships, which benefit the participation, expression and manifestation of all of them who are being educated. Thus, encouraged to know this universe of interactions, to understand how these interactions are occurring inside the inclusive classroom, to identify how the subjects are participating in this context, the fundamental aim, which stimulated the current study was to describe and analyze the interpersonal relationships between teacher and pupils inside the inclusive classroom. Two teachers and their respective pupils took part in this study, as: teacher A - 34 years old, graduated in the medium level of Professorship, and teacher B - 45 years old, graduated in superior level, Letters course. Teacher A, who taught group A, had in the classroom 7 male pupils and 14 female pupils. The age rate of these pupils was from 8 to 13 years old. Teacher B who taught group B had in the classroom 12 male pupils and 15 female pupils. The age rate of these pupils was from 9 to 17 years old. In group A, 10% were pupils with deficiency and in group B, 11% were pupils with deficiency as well.The data were collected in 2 classrooms in a fundamental education school pertaining to the state, located in a residence area in the city of Bauru, interior of the Estate of São Paulo. A camcorder - Panasonic, model RJ 27 - was used as an instrument for collecting the data. The data were collected during the first semester of the school year of 2001. The analysis procedure of the data followed six different steps: elaboration of a category system, elaboration of the register spreadsheet, temporal... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 polonio_dm_me_bauru.pdf: 752692 bytes, checksum: 095a7c51d8a349cb377a5116237c7dee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Apesar das universidades no Brasil serem responsáveis pela formação de profissionais de nível superior, pelo desenvolvimento de pesquisas e pela realização de atividades de extensão, os docentes universitários muitas vezes não recebem preparação para ensinar. E uma das dificuldades encontradas por este professor está em identificar procedimentos de ensino que favoreçam a aprendizagem de seus alunos. Na visão da análise do comportamento o sucesso ou fracasso do ensino está nas relações entre as respostas dos indivíduos envolvidos no processo e as condições nas quais ele ocorre. Neste sentido, o professor tem um papel de destaque por ser quem escolhe o método a ser utilizado. Neste trabalho foram analisados dois procedimentos de ensino comumente utilizados por professores, a apresentação de perguntas e de instruções. Instruções e perguntas são comportamentos verbais, e ambos podem funciona como regra especificando o reforço que modelou a topografia da resposta e colocou-a sob o controle do estímulo e são úteis para resolver a questão da primeira ocorrência da resposta. O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo de investigação de variáveis possivelmente relacionadas ao comportamento de Instruir e Perguntar de uma professora universitária do curso de matemática. Para isto, foram feitas filmagens e análises de seis aulas, procurando observar o que a professora fazia, em que momento, e como os alunos se comportavam diante do fazer da professora, e também qual a ação dela após as respostas dos alunos. As instruções e perguntas foram identificadas. Em seguida, as instruções foram classificadas como: instruções mínimas, instruções que descreviam o antecedente e a resposta e a consequencia e instruções completas. Foram identificados as situações em que as instruções e as perguntas ocorreram e analisadas possíveis relações entre a situação... / Although Brazilian universities are responsible for top-level professionals' education, research development and for carrying out extension activities, professors are rarely prepared to teach. And one of the difficulties faced by professors is to identify teaching procedures that promote learning of their students. At the behavior analysis poitnof view the success or failure of education is on relations between the responses of people involved in the process and the on conditions under which it occurs. So, teachers have a important role because they choose the teaching method that will be used. In this paper two procedures commonly used by teachers in the classroom were examined, the presentation of questions and instructions. Both are verbal behaviors, and can function as a rule by specify the reinforcement that modeled the response topography and placed it under stimulus control. Both are efficient in promoting the first occurrence of the response. This paper presents an investigation model of variables possibly related to Instruct and Ask Question behaviors of a college professor of a mathematics course. To this aim, six classes were filmed and analyzed; trying to see what the professor did, when she did, and how students behave as a consequence, and also how she acts after the students' responses. After Instructions and questions were identified, the instruction were classified as minimal instructions, instructions that described the antecedent and the response, instructions that described the response and consequence or complete instructions. The situation in which the instructions and questions were presented and possibly relations between the antecedent situations and the events subsequent to these instructions or questions were analyzed. It was identified the frequency of students' behaviors subsequent to the asking question ant instructing behaviors of the professor. These ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Regina Cavalcante / Banca: Maria Amália Pie Abib Andery / Banca: Jair Lopes Júnior / Resumo: A educação infantil inclusiva deve considerar a diversidade inerente à espécie humana e garantir a todos os alunos o acesso aos conhecimentos produzidos pela humanidade, bem como o seu desenvolvimento pessoal. Para a promoção das aprendizagens, a prática pedagógica dos professores deve ser constituída por uma variedade de procedimentos de ensino a serem executados em função do repertório dos alunos. Na literatura da Análise Experimental do Comportamento as instruções têm se mostrado procedimentos eficazes no ensino de novos comportamentos e nas situações em que as consequências para o responder são remotas. Este estudo investigou as instruções, como procedimento de ensino, apresentadas por uma professora de Educação Infantil para os alunos com desenvolvimento típico e para os alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais durante as atividades de rotina e no ensino dos conteúdos de Linguagem Oral e Escrita (LOE), realizadas em sala de aula. Os dados foram coletados através de filmagem das interações da professora com dois alunos com desenvolvimento típico e com dois alunos com necessidades especiais - um com diagnóstico formal de Mielomeningoceli associada à hidrocefalia e outro com diagnóstico informal de deficiência mental. Constatou-se que a professora utilizou-se das instruções, como procedimento de ensino, para todos os alunos tanto durante as atividades de rotina como no ensino dos conteúdos de LOE. Essas instuções, na maioria das situações, descreviam apenas as classes de respostas a serem emitidas pelos alunos e esses as seguiam exatamente da forma como haviam sido descritas pela professora. Verificou-se, em algumas situações, que a professora identificava algumas das dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos com necessidades educacionais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The inclusive infantile education must consider the inherent diversity to the human specie being and guarantee to all pupils the access to the knowledge produced by the humanity, as well as its personal development. To promote the learnings, professor's pedagogical practice must be constituted by a variety of educational procedures to be executed in function of the repertoire of the pupils. In the experimental analysis of the behavior literature the instructions have shown efficient procedures in the education of new behaviors and in the situations where the consequences of answer it are remote. This study investigated the instructions, as educational procedure, presented by a teacher of infantile education to the pupils with typical development and for the pupils with special educational necessities during the routine activities and in the education of the contents of verbal and written language (VWL) occurred in the classroom. Data had been collected by filming the interactions of the teacher with two pupils with typical development and two pupils with special educational necessities - one with foram diagnosis of mielomeningoceli associated to hidrocefalia and another on with informal diagnosis to mental deficiency. It was verified that the teacher used the instructions, as educational procedure, to all the pupils in such a way during the routine activities in VWL contents teachings. These instructions, in the majority of the situations, described only anwers classes to be emitted by the pupils and they followed accurately in the way... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Maria Regina Cavalcante / Banca: Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcantara Gil / Banca: Alessandra de Andrade Lopes / Resumo: Apesar das universidades no Brasil serem responsáveis pela formação de profissionais de nível superior, pelo desenvolvimento de pesquisas e pela realização de atividades de extensão, os docentes universitários muitas vezes não recebem preparação para ensinar. E uma das dificuldades encontradas por este professor está em identificar procedimentos de ensino que favoreçam a aprendizagem de seus alunos. Na visão da análise do comportamento o sucesso ou fracasso do ensino está nas relações entre as respostas dos indivíduos envolvidos no processo e as condições nas quais ele ocorre. Neste sentido, o professor tem um papel de destaque por ser quem escolhe o método a ser utilizado. Neste trabalho foram analisados dois procedimentos de ensino comumente utilizados por professores, a apresentação de perguntas e de instruções. Instruções e perguntas são comportamentos verbais, e ambos podem funciona como regra especificando o reforço que modelou a topografia da resposta e colocou-a sob o controle do estímulo e são úteis para resolver a questão da primeira ocorrência da resposta. O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo de investigação de variáveis possivelmente relacionadas ao comportamento de Instruir e Perguntar de uma professora universitária do curso de matemática. Para isto, foram feitas filmagens e análises de seis aulas, procurando observar o que a professora fazia, em que momento, e como os alunos se comportavam diante do fazer da professora, e também qual a ação dela após as respostas dos alunos. As instruções e perguntas foram identificadas. Em seguida, as instruções foram classificadas como: instruções mínimas, instruções que descreviam o antecedente e a resposta e a consequencia e instruções completas. Foram identificados as situações em que as instruções e as perguntas ocorreram e analisadas possíveis relações entre a situação ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Although Brazilian universities are responsible for top-level professionals' education, research development and for carrying out extension activities, professors are rarely prepared to teach. And one of the difficulties faced by professors is to identify teaching procedures that promote learning of their students. At the behavior analysis poitnof view the success or failure of education is on relations between the responses of people involved in the process and the on conditions under which it occurs. So, teachers have a important role because they choose the teaching method that will be used. In this paper two procedures commonly used by teachers in the classroom were examined, the presentation of questions and instructions. Both are verbal behaviors, and can function as a rule by specify the reinforcement that modeled the response topography and placed it under stimulus control. Both are efficient in promoting the first occurrence of the response. This paper presents an investigation model of variables possibly related to Instruct and Ask Question behaviors of a college professor of a mathematics course. To this aim, six classes were filmed and analyzed; trying to see what the professor did, when she did, and how students behave as a consequence, and also how she acts after the students' responses. After Instructions and questions were identified, the instruction were classified as minimal instructions, instructions that described the antecedent and the response, instructions that described the response and consequence or complete instructions. The situation in which the instructions and questions were presented and possibly relations between the antecedent situations and the events subsequent to these instructions or questions were analyzed. It was identified the frequency of students' behaviors subsequent to the asking question ant instructing behaviors of the professor. These ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-02-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:23:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_sc_me_mar.pdf: 396716 bytes, checksum: 5818a4d26dee83944a0c6e8b28b3f30f (MD5) / A literatura já vem ilustrando o quanto as relações interpessoais são imprescindíveis para a construção do conhecimento, logo, possibilitar a construção de novos conhecimentos a todos, de acordo com as suas necessidades educacionais especiais, exige relações interpessoais que favoreçam à participação, expressão e manifestação de todos os educandos. Assim, instigada a conhecer este universo de interações, a compreender como estas interações estão ocorrendo na sala de aula inclusiva, a identificar como os sujeitos estão participando deste contexto, o objetivo fundamental que impulsionou o presente estudo foi o de descrever e analisar as relações interpessoais entre professora e alunos em sala de aula inclusiva. Fizeram parte deste estudo duas professoras e seus respectivos alunos, sendo: professora A - 34 anos de idade, formada em nível médio no curso de Magistério, e professora B - 45 anos de idade, formada em nível superior, curso de Letras. A professora A, que lecionava na turma A, tinha, em sala de aula, 7 alunos do sexo masculino e 14 do sexo feminino. A faixa etária desses alunos era de 8 a 13 anos. A professora B, que lecionava na turma B, tinha, em sala de aula, 12 alunos do sexo masculino e 15 do sexo feminino. A faixa etária desses alunos era de 9 a 17 anos. Na turma A, 10% eram alunos com deficiência e, na turma B, 11% eram alunos com deficiência. Os dados foram coletados em 2 salas de aula, em uma escola estadual de ensino fundamental, localizada em bairro residencial na cidade de Bauru, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizada como instrumento para a coleta de dados, uma filmadora da marca Panasonic, modelo RJ 27. Os dados foram coletados no transcorrer do 1o semestre do ano letivo de 2001. O procedimento de análise dos dados seguiu seis diferentes passos: elaboração de um sistema de categorias... / Literature has been illustrating how much the interpersonal relationships are essential for the construction of knowledge, then facilitating the construction of new knowledge to all people, according to their special educational necessities, demands interpersonal relationships, which benefit the participation, expression and manifestation of all of them who are being educated. Thus, encouraged to know this universe of interactions, to understand how these interactions are occurring inside the inclusive classroom, to identify how the subjects are participating in this context, the fundamental aim, which stimulated the current study was to describe and analyze the interpersonal relationships between teacher and pupils inside the inclusive classroom. Two teachers and their respective pupils took part in this study, as: teacher A - 34 years old, graduated in the medium level of Professorship, and teacher B - 45 years old, graduated in superior level, Letters course. Teacher A, who taught group A, had in the classroom 7 male pupils and 14 female pupils. The age rate of these pupils was from 8 to 13 years old. Teacher B who taught group B had in the classroom 12 male pupils and 15 female pupils. The age rate of these pupils was from 9 to 17 years old. In group A, 10% were pupils with deficiency and in group B, 11% were pupils with deficiency as well.The data were collected in 2 classrooms in a fundamental education school pertaining to the state, located in a residence area in the city of Bauru, interior of the Estate of São Paulo. A camcorder - Panasonic, model RJ 27 - was used as an instrument for collecting the data. The data were collected during the first semester of the school year of 2001. The analysis procedure of the data followed six different steps: elaboration of a category system, elaboration of the register spreadsheet, temporal... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Teachers' experiences with changes in educational believes in mathematics Abstract: Goal of this master thesis is monitoring of changes in the educational style of the teacher. The change is described at nearly annual, personal experiences of the teacher from the first year of primary school. On the experience, in which it attempts to move from transimising way of teaching mathematics to teach by using methods of teaching oriented to building of schemes. Processing of the topic, she is looking for the answer of the question, if the change of educational style of the teacher, can help to change the pupil's attitudes to taughted object, in this case to mathematics. Whether use of methods of teaching oriented to building of schemes, will lead to pupil's more interested in problem solving, not only in mathematics. She figuring out how long time period the teacher needs to change her access to teaching as well as pupils. Key words: teacher-pupil interaction, problem as tool for pupils'activation, overcoming inertia in education

Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Teacher-learner classroom interactions are beautiful yet intricate. This phenomenon forms part of the lifespan of most individuals and occurs every day in classrooms worldwide. As a beginner teacher I have personally experienced a vast array of classroom interactions which at times have left me speechless, upset or confused. However this particular study enabled me to view interaction from a different angle, as I had the privilege of observing interaction from an outside(r) perspective. In this study the aim is thus to provide its reader with greater insight and understanding of the nature of teacher-learner classroom interactions. It also sheds light on the core constituents of teacher-learner interactions and how these influence teaching and learning processes and eventually the teacher-learner relationship. Three main concepts that emerged from the onset of the study are pedagogy, power and affect which not only strongly emanated from the literature but eventually also from the research findings. A qualitative study was undertaken by means of a collective case study research design. Observation was conducted in two grade nine classrooms at two different schools. In both cases findings in eight categories emerged, namely power, teacher behaviour, pedagogy, teacher affect, communication, learner behaviour, human qualities and characteristics and relational aspects. The findings suggest that teachers develop Emotional Intelligence strategies not only to enhance relationship building or teacher-learner interactions but also to maintain a certain level of emotional well-being. Teachers should also aim to incorporate a critical pedagogy approach and learner empowerment in their teaching practice to prepare the contemporary adolescent for a rapidly changing modern society. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwyser-leerder interaksie is besonders maar kompleks. Die fenomeen vorm deel van die lewensduur van meeste individue en speel homself daagliks uit in klaskamers wêreldwyd. As ‘n beginner onderwyseres het ek eerstehandse ervaring van klaskamer interaksie. By tye, het interaksies met leerders my al sprakeloos, verward en ontsteld gelaat. Hierdie studie het my egter in staat gestel om interaksie vanuit ‘n ander oogpunt te beskou. Ek was bevoorreg genoeg om onderwyser-leerder klaskamer interaksie vanuit die perspektief van ‘n buitestaander te aanskou. Hierdie studie poog om die leser se kennis en begrip aangaande die aard van onderwyser-leerder klaskamer interaksie uit te brei. Dit werp ook lig op kern aspekte van dié interaksie en hoe dit onder meer onderrig- en leerprosesse, sowel as die onderwyser-leerder verhouding beïnvloed. Drie vername konsepte wat vanuit die literatuur spruit sluit in: pedagogie, mag en die affektiewe wat ook uiteindelik sterk na vore in die bevindinge kom. ‘n Kwalitatiewe studie is onderneem aan die hand van ‘n gesamentlike gevallestudie. Waarnemings is gemaak in twee graad nege klasse by twee verskillende skole. In albei gevalle het die data bevinindings in agt kategorieë gelewer, naamlik: mag, onderwyser gedrag, pedagogie, onderwyser affek, kommunikasie, leerder gedrag, menslike karaktereienskappe en verhoudings-aspekte. Vanuit die bevindinge word voorgestel dat onderwysers Emosionele Intelligensie strategieë ontwikkel. Hierdie strategieë kan onder meer bydra tot ‘n beter verhouding tussen onderwysers en leerders en onderwysers baat ten opsigte van hul persoonlike emosionele welstand. Daarbenewens, kan onderwysers hulself wend tot ‘n kritiese pedagogiese onderrigbenadering asook die bemagtiging van hul leerders om uiteindelik die kontemporêre adolessent vir die moderne samelewing voor te berei.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:35:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sasso_ec_me_bauru.pdf: 930768 bytes, checksum: 006f05213983afa930ea0264d49fe3cc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A educação infantil inclusiva deve considerar a diversidade inerente à espécie humana e garantir a todos os alunos o acesso aos conhecimentos produzidos pela humanidade, bem como o seu desenvolvimento pessoal. Para a promoção das aprendizagens, a prática pedagógica dos professores deve ser constituída por uma variedade de procedimentos de ensino a serem executados em função do repertório dos alunos. Na literatura da Análise Experimental do Comportamento as instruções têm se mostrado procedimentos eficazes no ensino de novos comportamentos e nas situações em que as consequências para o responder são remotas. Este estudo investigou as instruções, como procedimento de ensino, apresentadas por uma professora de Educação Infantil para os alunos com desenvolvimento típico e para os alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais durante as atividades de rotina e no ensino dos conteúdos de Linguagem Oral e Escrita (LOE), realizadas em sala de aula. Os dados foram coletados através de filmagem das interações da professora com dois alunos com desenvolvimento típico e com dois alunos com necessidades especiais - um com diagnóstico formal de Mielomeningoceli associada à hidrocefalia e outro com diagnóstico informal de deficiência mental. Constatou-se que a professora utilizou-se das instruções, como procedimento de ensino, para todos os alunos tanto durante as atividades de rotina como no ensino dos conteúdos de LOE. Essas instuções, na maioria das situações, descreviam apenas as classes de respostas a serem emitidas pelos alunos e esses as seguiam exatamente da forma como haviam sido descritas pela professora. Verificou-se, em algumas situações, que a professora identificava algumas das dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos com necessidades educacionais... / The inclusive infantile education must consider the inherent diversity to the human specie being and guarantee to all pupils the access to the knowledge produced by the humanity, as well as its personal development. To promote the learnings, professor's pedagogical practice must be constituted by a variety of educational procedures to be executed in function of the repertoire of the pupils. In the experimental analysis of the behavior literature the instructions have shown efficient procedures in the education of new behaviors and in the situations where the consequences of answer it are remote. This study investigated the instructions, as educational procedure, presented by a teacher of infantile education to the pupils with typical development and for the pupils with special educational necessities during the routine activities and in the education of the contents of verbal and written language (VWL) occurred in the classroom. Data had been collected by filming the interactions of the teacher with two pupils with typical development and two pupils with special educational necessities - one with foram diagnosis of mielomeningoceli associated to hidrocefalia and another on with informal diagnosis to mental deficiency. It was verified that the teacher used the instructions, as educational procedure, to all the pupils in such a way during the routine activities in VWL contents teachings. These instructions, in the majority of the situations, described only anwers classes to be emitted by the pupils and they followed accurately in the way... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)